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Original Articles

Liberation à la Finland: Reexamining Eisenhower administration objectives in Eastern Europe

Pages 1-26 | Published online: 24 Jan 2008

Notes

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  • 1982 . Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy , 155 – 7 . NY : OUP .
  • Marchio , James D. 1992 . ‘A New Look at the Eisenhower Administration and Eastern Europe’ . paper presented to the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations . 1992 .
  • Laqueur , Walter . 1980 . “ ‘Finlandization’ ” . In The Political Psychology of Appeasement: Finlandization and Other Unpopular Essays , 15 – 16 . New Brunswick, NJ : Transaction Books .
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  • Lewis Gaddis , John . 1972 . The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, 1941–1947 , NY : Columbia UP .
  • Messer , Robert L. 1977 . ‘Paths Not Taken: The United States Department of State and Alternatives to Containment, 1945–1946’ . Diplomatic History , 1 Fall : 297 – 319 .
  • 30 March 1948 . “ ‘The Position of the United States with Respect to Soviet‐Directed World Communism’ ” . 30 March ,
  • Etzold , Thomas H. and Lewis Gaddis , John , eds. 1978 . Containment: Documents on American Policy and Strategy, 1945–1950 , 164 – 9 . NY : Columbia UP .
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  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , II 457 – 60 .
  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , II 443 – 55 .
  • Kennan and Gaddis . The United States and the End of the Cold War 79 – 80 . (note 5)
  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , II 452
  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , II 461
  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , II 460
  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , II 456
  • 8 Jan. 1952 . “ ‘The Position of the United States With Respect to Scandinavia and Finland’ ” . 8 Jan. ,
  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , VIII 755 – 7 .
  • 12 Jan. 1954 . “ ‘US Policy Towards Finland’ ” . 12 Jan. ,
  • ibid. , VIII 773 – 7 .
  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , VIII 112 – 13 .
  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , VIII 118 – 21 .
  • Berry , R.M. 1986 . “ ‘Finlandization’ ” . In Dictionary of Scandinavian History , Edited by: Nordstrom , Byron J. 195 Westport, CT : Greenwood Press .
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  • Gaddis . The United States and the End of the Cold War 233 (note 5) n.72,
  • 18 July 1955 . “ ‘Memorandum for the Record of the President's Dinner’ ” . 18 July ,
  • FRUS: 1955–1957 , V 372 – 3 .
  • FRUS: 1955–1957 , V 184
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  • ibid. , XXVI 735 – 6 .
  • 27 Oct. 1956 . “ ‘Address by the Secretary of State Before the Dallas Council on World Affairs’ ” . 27 Oct. ,
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  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , VIII 116 – 17 .
  • FRUS: 1955–1957 , XXV 266 – 7 .
  • Department of State . 12 May 1957 . “ ‘Suggestions for OCB Progress Report’ ” . 12 May ,
  • FRUS: 1958–1960 , X ( 2 ) 478 – 80 .
  • Department of State . 4 June 1959 . “ ‘Suggestions for OCB Progress Report,’ ” . 4 June , 527 – 36 . ibid.
  • 14 Oct. 1959 . “ ‘Statement of US Policy Towards Finland’ ” . 14 Oct. , 551 ibid.
  • Navakivi , Jukka . 1993 . “ ‘The Relationship Redefined: Postwar Finnish Neutrality and US Interests’ ” . In Finland and the United States: Diplomatic Relations Through Seventy Years , Edited by: Rinehart , Robert . 73 – 4 . Washington DC : Inst. for the Study of Diplomacy, Georgetown U. .
  • FRUS: 1958–1960 , X ( 2 ) 549 – 50 .
  • Gwertzman , Bernard . 1976 . ‘Kissinger Told Turks’ Pact Faces “Rough Sledding'” . New York Times , 30 March
  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , II 489 – 514 .
  • 6 Jan. 1955 . “ ‘Basic National Security Policy’ ” . 6 Jan. ,
  • 1980 . Documents of the National Security Council , Washington, DC : UP of America . microfilm
  • 16 July 1953 . “ ‘A Report to the National Security Council by Task Force “A” of Project Solarium’ ” . 16 July ,
  • 16 July 1953 . “ ‘Summary of Points Made in Discussion Following Presentation by Task Forces’ ” . 16 July ,
  • FRVS: 1952–1954 , II 434
  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , II 787 – 800 .
  • 1991 . History and Strategy , 142 – 6 . Princeton UP .
  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , II 565 – 7 .
  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , II 529 – 30 .
  • Brands , H.W. Jr . 1988 . The Cold Warriors: Eisenhower's Generation and American Foreign Policy , 201 – 5 . NY : Columbia UP .
  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , VII 355
  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , VII 551 – 2 .
  • Hershberg , James G. 1993 . James B. Conant: Harvard to Hiroshima and the Making of the Nuclear Age , NY : Knopf .
  • FRUS: 1955–1957 , V 274
  • Treverton , Gregory F. 1992 . America, Germany, and the Future of Europe , 153 Princeton UP .
  • Zubok , Vladislav M. June 1994 . “ ‘Soviet Foreign Policy in Germany and Austria and the Post‐Stalin Succession Struggle, 1953–1955’ ” . In Cold War International History Project Conference Paper June , 9 – 10 . Essen
  • Daniels , Robert V. , ed. 1994 . A Documentary History of Communism and the World , 3rd ed. , 126 Hanover, NH : UP of New England .
  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , VII 937
  • Foster Dulles , John . 30 April 1956 . “ ‘Memorandum of Conversation with Sir Roger Makins’ ” . 30 April ,
  • Trachtenberg , Marc . “ ‘The Berlin Crisis’ ” . In History and Strategy 179 (note 28)
  • FRUS: 1958–1960 , IX 628 – 30 .
  • Soviet Union . 1994 . “ ‘Dulles: Moralist as Pragmatist’ ” . In The Diplomats, 1939–1979 , Edited by: Craig , Gordon A. and Loewenheim , Francis L. 156 Princeton UP .
  • Hanrieder , Wolfram F. 1989 . Germany, America, Europe: Forty Years of German Foreign Policy , New Haven, CT : Yale UP .
  • Immerman , Richard H. 1990 . “ ‘Conclusion’ ” . In John Foster Dulles and the Diplomacy of the Cold War , 266 Princeton UP .
  • FRUS: 1955–1957 , XXVI 686 – 7 .
  • 6 Feb. 1954 . “ ‘United States Policy Towards Yugoslavia’ ” . 6 Feb. ,
  • FRUS: 1952–1954 , VIII 1375
  • 30 June 1948 . “ ‘The Attitude of This Government Toward Events in Yugoslavia’ ” . 30 June ,
  • Etzold and Gaddis . Containment 171 – 2 . (note 4)
  • FRUS: 1955–1957 , XXV 266 – 7 .
  • Greenstein's , Fred I. 1982 . The Hidden‐Hand Presidency: Eisenhower as Leader , NY : Basic Books .
  • Huntington , Samuel P. 1981 . American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony , 237 240 – 1 . Cambridge, MA : Harvard UP .
  • Trachtenberg , Marc . “ ‘A “Wasting Asset”: American Strategy and the Shifting Nuclear Balance, 1949–1954’ ” . In History and Strategy 100 – 68 . (note 28)

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