The effects of low attainment on young people's outcomes at age 22–23 in Scotland

References

• Adkins , L. and Leonard , D. 1995 . “ Family work and the educational careers of working class girls in England ” . In Education in Europe: an intercultural task , Edited by: Wulf , C . New York : Waxmann .
   Google Scholar
• Arnot , M. , Gray , J. , James , M. and Ruddock , J. 1998 . Recent research on gender and educational performance , London : Office for Standards in Education .
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu , P. and Passeron , J. ‐C. 1977 . Reproduction in education, society and culture , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Breen , R. and Goldthorpe , J. H. 1997 . Explaining educational differentials: towards a formal rational action theory . Rationality and Society , 3 : 275 – 305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breen , R. and Goldthorpe , J. H. 1999 . Class, mobility and merit . European Sociological Review , 17 : 81 – 101 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , P. 1987 . Schooling ordinary kids: inequality, unemployment and the new vocationalism , London : Tavistock .
   Google Scholar
• Bynner , J. and Joshi , H. 2002 . Equality and opportunity in education: evidence from the 1958 and 1970 birth cohorts . Oxford Review of Education , 28 (4) : 406 – 425 .
   Google Scholar
• Bynner , J. and Parsons , S. 2001 . Qualifications, basic skills and accelerating social exclusion . Journal of Education and Work , 14 : 279 – 291 .
   Google Scholar
• Bynner , J. , Elias , P. , McKnight , A. , Pan , H. and Pierre , G. 2002 . Young people's changing routes to independence , York : Joseph Rowntree Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Chisholm , L. 1999 . “ From systems to networks: the reconstruction of youth transitions in Europe ” . In From education to work , Edited by: Heinz , W . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Croxford , L. , Ozga , J. and Provan , F. 2004 . EMAs: attainment of national qualifications in the Scottish pilots. , Edinburgh : Centre for Educational Sociology, University of Edinburgh . Report to the Scottish Executive
   Google Scholar
• Dolton , P. and O'Neil , D. 1996 . Unemployment duration and the restart effect: some experimental evidence . Economic Journal , 106 : 387 – 400 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolton , P. , Makepeace , G. , Hutton , S. and Audas , R. 1999 . Making the grade: education, the labour market and young people , York : Joseph Rowntree Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Egerton , M. and Savage , M. 2000 . Age stratification and class formation: a longitudinal study of the social mobility of young men and women, 1971–1991 . Work, Employment and Society , 14 (1) : 23 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elias , P. and McKnight , A. 1998 . The changing nature of the youth labour market in Great Britain , Warwick : Institute of Employment Research, University of Warwick .
   Google Scholar
• Epstein , D. , Elmwood , J. , Hey , V. and Maw , J. 1998 . Failing boys? Issues in gender and achievement , Buckingham : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Furlong , A. and Cartmel , F. 1997 . Young people and social change , Buckingham : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gambettta , D. 1987 . Were they pushed or did they jump? Individual decision mechanisms in education , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ganzeboom , H. B. G. , De Graafl , P. M. and Treiman , D. J. 1992 . A standard international socio‐economic index of occupational status . Social Science Research , 21 : 156
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gewirtz , S. , Ball , S. and Bowe , R. 1995 . Markets, education and equity in education , Buckingham : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Haller , A. and Porter , A. 1973 . Status attainment process . Sociology of Education , 46 : 51 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannan , D. , Smyth , E. Raffe , D. 1998 . Education, vocational training and labour market transitions amongst lower level school leavers in four European countries. , Dublin : Economic and Social Research Institute . Final Report
   Google Scholar
• Harris , A. and Ranson , S. 2005 . The contradictions of education policy: disadvantage and achievement . British Educational Research Journal , 31 (5) : 571 – 587 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasluck , C. 1999 . “ Employers, Young people and the unemployed: a review of research. ” . In Employment Service Research Report, ESR12 , Sheffield : Employment Service .
   Google Scholar
• Hayton , A. 1999 . “ Boys and girls underachieving: issues for 14+ education and training ” . In Tackling disaffection and social exclusion: education perspectives and policies , Edited by: Hayton , A . London : Kogan Page .
   Google Scholar
• Hodgson , A. 1999 . “ Analysing education and training policies for tackling social exclusion ” . In Tackling disaffection and social exclusion: education perspectives and policies , Edited by: Hayton , A . London : Kogan Page .
   Google Scholar
• Howieson , C. , Fairgrieve , J. , Croxford , L. and Tinklin , T. 2000 . Scottish School Leavers' Survey: destinations of early leavers , Edinburgh : Centre for Educational Sociology, University of Edinburgh .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , G. 2002 . The youth divide: diverging paths to adulthood , York : Joseph Rowntree Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Keep , E. 1999 . UK's VET policy and the ‘third way’: following a high skills trajectory or running up a dead end street? . Journal of Education and Work , 12 (3) : 323 – 346 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , J. 1989 . “ Social class and schooling ” . In The social context of schooling , Edited by: Cole , M . London : Falmer Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd , T. 1999 . Young men, the job market and gendered work , York : Joseph Rowntree Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Lynn , P. 1996 . Scottish School Leavers' Survey series. The Survey of 1993 Leavers: technical report , London : National Centre for Social Research .
   Google Scholar
• Lynn , P. and Farrant , G. 1994 . Scottish School Leavers' Survey series. The Survey of 1992 Leavers: technical report , London : National Centre for Social Research .
   Google Scholar
• McCulloch , G. 1998 . Failing the ordinary child , Buckingham : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Muller , W. and Shavit , Y. 1998 . “ The institutional embeddedness of the stratification process ” . In From school to work. A comparative study of educational qualifications and occupational destinations , Oxford : Clarendon Press . in:
   Google Scholar
• O'Brien , M. 2003 . Girls and transitions to second level schooling . Gender and Education , 15 (3) : 249 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) . 1998 . Education at a glance , Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) . 2000 . Employment outlook , Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• Pearce , N. and Hillman , J. 1998 . Wasted youth: raising achievement and tackling social exclusion , London : Institute for Public Policy Research .
   Google Scholar
• Plummer , G. 2000 . Failing working class girls? , London : Trentham .
   Google Scholar
• Raffe , D. 2000 . “ Investigating the education and training systems of the UK ” . In The education systems of the United Kingdom , Edited by: Phillips , D . 9 – 28 . Oxford : Symposium Books .
   Google Scholar
• Reay , D. 1998 . Rethinking social class: qualitative perspectives on class and gender . Sociology , 32 (2) : 259 – 275 .
   Google Scholar
• Reed , L. R. 1999 . Troubling boys and disturbing discourses on masculinity and schooling . Gender and Education , 11 : 93 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Sammons , P. 1995 . Gender, ethnic and socio‐economic differences in attainment and progress: a longitudinal analysis of student achievement over 9 years . British Educational Research Journal , 21 (4) : 465 – 485 .
   Google Scholar
• Sammons P, Power S ,, Elliot K. . 2003. New community schools in Scotland: final report.. Institute of Education, University of London. Available online at: www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Research/Research/14478/12247 (accessed 18 September 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Scottish Executive . 2002 . Social justice… a Scotland where everyone matters. Annual report 2002 , Edinburgh : Scottish Executive .
   Google Scholar
• Scottish Executive . 2003 . The lifelong learning strategy for Scotland , Edinburgh : Scottish Executive .
   Google Scholar
• Scottish Office . 1999 . Scotland towards a knowledge economy: report of the Knowledge Economy Task Force , Edinburgh : HMSO .
   Google Scholar
• Scottish Parliament Enterprise and Lifelong Learning Committee . 2002 . Final report on lifelong learning , Edinburgh : Scottish Parliament .
   Google Scholar
• Sewell , W. H. and Hauser , R. M. 1980 . The Wisconsin longitudinal study of social and psychological factors in aspirations and achievements . Research in Sociology of Education and Socialization , 1 : 59 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Skeggs , B. 1997 . Formations of class and gender , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Sutherland , M. 1999 . Gender equity in school. . International Review of Education , 45 (5) : 431 – 443 .
   Google Scholar
• Sweet R. 2000. Comprehensive framework for indicators of transition from initial education to working life. OECD Workshop
   Google Scholar
• Tinklin , T. , Croxford , L. , Ducklin , A. and Frame , B. 2001 . Gender and pupil performance in Scotland's schools , Edinburgh : Centre for Educational Sociology, University of Edinburgh .
   Google Scholar
• Walkerdine , V. , Lucey , H. and Melody , J. 2001 . Growing up girl , Basingstoke : Palgrave .
   Google Scholar
• Whitty , G. 1985 . Sociology and school knowledge: curriculum theory, research and politics , London : Methuen .
   Google Scholar
• Wolf , A. 2002 . Does education matter? , London : Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• Yates , L. 1997 . Gender equity and the boys' debate: what sort of challenge is it? . British Journal of Sociology of Education , 18 (3) : 337 – 347 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar