2,733
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

The paradox of decategorization: deinstitutionalizing race through race-based affirmative action in the United States

Pages 1665-1681 | Received 15 Nov 2009, Accepted 28 Jan 2011, Published online: 06 Jun 2011

References

  • Ackerman , Bruce . 1980 . Social Justice in the Liberal State , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
  • Aleinikoff , Alexander . 1991 . A case for race-consciousness . Columbia Law Review , 91 ( 5 ) : 1060 – 1125 .
  • Amar , Richa . 2005 . Comment: Unequal protection and the racial privacy initiative . UCLA Law Review , 52 ( 4 ) : 1279 – 1312 .
  • Appiah , Kwame Anthony 2000 Racial identity and racial identification , in Les Back and John Solomos Theories of Race and Racism , London : Routledge , pp. 607 – 15
  • Arrow , Kenneth . 1972 . “ Models of job discrimination ” . In Racial Discrimination in Economic Life , Edited by: Pascal , Anthony . 83 – 102 . Lanham, MD : Lexington Books .
  • Ayres , Ian . 1991 . Fair driving: Gender and race discrimination in retail car negotiations . Harvard Law Review , 104 ( 4 ) : 817 – 72 .
  • Ayres Ian 2001 Pervasive Prejudice? Unconventional Evidence of Race and Gender Discrimination , Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press
  • Bertrand , Marianne and Mullainathan , Sendhil . 2004 . Are Emily and Greg more employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A field experiment on labor market discrimination . American Economic Review , 94 ( 4 ) : 991 – 1013 .
  • Calvès , Gwénaele 1998 L'Affirmative Action dans la jurisprudence de la Cour suprême des États-Unis: le problème de la discrimination « positive » , Paris : LGDJ
  • Carroll , Joseph 2007 ‘Most Americans approve of interracial marriages’ , http://www.gallup.com/poll/28417/most-americans-approve-interracial-marriages.aspx [Accessed 16 December 2010]
  • Denavas-Walt , Carmen , Proctor , Bernadette and Lee , Cheryl Hill 2006 ‘Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2005’, US Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60–231, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, http://www.census.gov/prod/2006pubs/p60-231.pdf [Accessed 20 July 2009]
  • Devine , Patricia and Baker , Sara . 1991 . Measurement of racial stereotype subtyping . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 17 ( 1 ) : 44 – 50 .
  • Dworkin , Ronald . 1978 . Taking Rights Seriously , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Dworkin Ronald 1985 A Matter of Principle , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press
  • Feagin , Joe . 1991 . The continuing significance of race: Antiblack discrimination in public places . American Sociological Review , 56 ( 1 ) : 101 – 16 .
  • Fernandez , Roberto and Fernandez-Mateo , Isabel . 2006 . Network, race, and hiring . American Sociological Review , 71 ( 1 ) : 42 – 71 .
  • Fiss , Owen . 1976 . Groups and the Equal Protection Clause . Philosophy and Public Affairs , 5 ( 2 ) : 107 – 77 .
  • Glazer , Nathan 1987 Affirmative Discrimination: Ethnic Inequality and Public Policy , 2nd edn , New York : Basic Books [1st edn, 1975]
  • Glazer , Nathan 1997 We Are All Multiculturalists Now , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press
  • Goffman , Erving 1963 Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall
  • Greenwald , Anthony G. and Hamilton Krieger , Linda 2006 Implicit bias: Scientific foundations , California Law Review , vol. 94 , no. 4 , pp. 945 – 67
  • Hollinger , David 1996 Group preferences, cultural diversity, and social democracy: Notes toward a theory of affirmative action , Representations , vol. 57 (summer) , pp. 31 – 9
  • Kasinitz , Philip . 2008 . Inheriting the City: The Children of Immigrants Come of Age , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Kinder , Donald and Sanders , Lynn . 1996 . Divided by Color: Racial Politics and Democratic Ideals , Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
  • Kirschenman , Jollen and Neckerman , Kathryn 1991 “We'd love to hire them but …”: The meaning of race for employers , in Christopher Jencks and Paul Peterson , The Urban Underclass , Washington, DC : Brookings Institution , pp. 204 – 31
  • Kull , Andrew . 1992 . The Color-Blind Constitution , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Loury , Glenn . 1995 . One by One from the Inside Out: Essays and Reviews on Race and Responsibility in America , New York : The Free Press .
  • Morning , Ann and Sabbagh , Daniel . 2005 . From sword to plowshare: Using race for discrimination and antidiscrimination in the United States . International Social Science Journal , 57 ( 83 ) : 57 – 74 .
  • Myrdal , Gunnar 1944 An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy , 2 vols , New York , Harper & Row
  • Nagel , Thomas . 1977 . “ Equal treatment and compensatory discrimination ” . In Equality and Preferential Treatment: A Philosophy and Public Affairs Reader , Edited by: Thomas Nagel , Marshall Cohen and Scanlon , Thomas . 3 – 18 . Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • National Poverty Center [University of Michigan] 2008 ‘Poverty in the United States’, http://npc.umich.edu/poverty/ [Accessed 30 July 2010]
  • Olson , Mancur . 1965 . The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goals and the Theory of Groups , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Parsons , Talcott . 1965 . “ Introduction ” . In The Negro American , Edited by: Talcott , Parsons and Kenneth , Clark . Boston, MA : Beacon Press .
  • Pettigrew , Thomas and Tropp , Linda . 2006 . A Meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 90 ( 5 ) : 751 – 83 .
  • Phelps , Edmund . 1972 . The statistical theory of racism and sexism . American Economic Review , LXII ( 4 ) : 659 – 62 .
  • Prager , Jeffrey . 1982 . American racial ideology as collective representation . Ethnic and Racial Studies , 5 ( 1 ) : 99 – 119 .
  • Ridley , Stanley , Bayton , James and Hamilton Outtz , Janice 1989 Taxi Service in the District of Columbia: Is it Influenced by Patrons’ Race and Destination? , Washington, DC: Washington Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights under the Law, June (on file with author)
  • Ross , Stephen L. and Turner , Margery Austin . 2005 . Housing discrimination in metropolitan America: Explaining changes between 1989 and 2000 . Social Problems , 52 ( 2 ) : 152 – 80 .
  • Rothbart , Myron and John , Oliver . 1985 . Social categorization and behavioral episodes: A cognitive analysis of the effects of intergroup contact . Journal of Social Issues , 41 ( 3 ) : 81 – 104 .
  • Schauer , Frederick . 2003 . Profiles, Probabilities, and Stereotypes , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Schuck , Peter . 2003 . Diversity in America: Keeping Government at a Safe Distance , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Schuman , Howard , Steeh , Charlotte and Bobo , Lawrence 1997 Racial Attitudes in America , 2nd edn , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press [1st edn, 1985]
  • Sethi , Rajiv and O'flaherty , Brendan . 2008 . Racial stereotypes and robbery . Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization , 68 ( 3–4 ) : 311 – 24 .
  • Shapiro , Thomas . 2004 . The Hidden Cost of Being African American: How Wealth Perpetuates Inequality , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Skrentny , John David . 1996 . The Ironies of Affirmative Action: Politics, Culture, and Justice in America , Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
  • Skrentny John David 2006 Policy-elite perceptions and social movement success: Understanding variations in group inclusion in affirmative action , American Journal of Sociology , vol. 111 , no. 6 , pp. 1762 – 1815
  • Steeh , Charlotte and Krysan , Maria . 1996 . Affirmative action and the public, 1970–1995 . Public Opinion Quarterly , 60 ( 1 ) : 128 – 58 .
  • United States Bureau of Labor Statistics 2009 ‘Unemployment rates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity’ , http://stats.bls.gov/web/cpseed16.pdf [Accessed 20 July 2009]
  • United States Department of Health and Human Services [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics] 2010 ‘Health, United States, 2009’ , http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/pdf/hus09.pdf?tag=contentMain;contentBody [Accessed 30 July 2010]
  • United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics 2007 ‘Homicide trends in the US: Trends by race’ , http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/homicide/race.htm [Accessed 20 July 2009]
  • Williams , Richard , Nesiba , Reynold and McConnell , Eileen Diaz . 2005 . The changing face of inequality in home mortgage lending . Social Problems , 52 ( 2 ) : 181 – 208 .
  • Wilson , William Julius . 1996 . When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor , New York : Knopf .
  • Young , Iris Marion . 1990 . Justice and the Politics of Difference , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.