U.S. racial and ethnic relations in the twenty-first century

References

• Alba, Richard, and Victor Nee. 1997. “Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration.” International Migration Review 31 (4): 826–874. doi: 10.2307/2547416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alba, Richard, and Victor Nee. 2003. Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Alexander, Michelle. 2011. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press.
   Google Scholar
• Aranda, Elizabeth, and Elizabeth Vaquera. 2015. “Racism, the Immigration Enforcement Regime, and the Implications for Racial Inequality in the Lives of Undocumented Young Adults.” Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 1 (1): 88–104. doi: 10.1177/2332649214551097
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aranda, Elizabeth M., and Guillermo Rebollo-Gil. 2004. “Ethnoracism and the ‘Sandwiched’ Minorities.” American Behavioral Scientist 47 (7): 910–927. doi: 10.1177/0002764203261071
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bashi, Vilna. 1998. “Racial Categories Matter Because Racial Hierarchies Matter: A Commentary.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 21 (5): 959–968. doi: 10.1080/014198798329748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedolla Garcia, Lisa. 2005. Fluid Borders: Latino Power, Identity, and Politics in Los Angeles. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, Joyce M., and Douglas Hartmann. 2007. “Diversity in Everyday Discourse: The Cultural Ambiguities and Consequences of ‘happy talk’.” American Sociological Review 72 (6): 895–914. doi: 10.1177/000312240707200603
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 1997. “Rethinking Racism: Toward a Structural Interpretation.” American Sociological Review 62: 465–480. doi: 10.2307/2657316
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2006. Racism without Racists: Color-blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States. 3rd ed. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo, and Gianpaolo Baiocchi. 2001. “Anything But Racism: How Sociologists Limit the Significance of Racism.” Race and Society 4 (1): 117–131. doi: 10.1016/S1090-9524(03)00004-4
   Google Scholar
• Borjas, George J., and Stephen G. Bronars. 1989. “Consumer Discrimination and Self-employment.” Journal of Political Economy 97 (3): 581–605. doi: 10.1086/261617
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browne, Irene, and Joya Misra. 2003. “The Intersection of Gender and Race in Labor Markets.” Annual Review of Sociology 29: 487–513. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brubaker, Rogers. 2002. “Ethnicity Without Groups.” European Journal of Sociology 43 (2): 163–189. doi: 10.1017/S0003975602001066
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brubaker, Rogers. 2006. Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian town. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bulter, John Sibley. 2005. Entrepreneurship and Self-help Among Black Americans: A Reconsideration of Race and Economics. New York: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• de la Cadena, Marisol. 2000. Indigenous Mestizos: The Politics of Race and Culture in Cuzco, Peru, 1919–1991. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Contreras, R. 2012. The Stickup Kids: Race, Drugs, Violence, and the American Dream. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, Tiffany Y., and Wendy Leo Moore. 2014. “Spanish Not Spoken Here: Accounting for the Racialization of the Spanish Language in the Experiences of Mexican Migrants in the United States.” Ethnicities 14 (5): 676–697. doi: 10.1177/1468796814523740
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairlie, Robert, and Alicia Robb. 2008. Race and Entrepreneurial Success: Black-, Asian-, and White-owned Businesses in the United States. Boston, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Feagin, Joe R. 1991. “The Continuing Significance of Race: Antiblack Discrimination in Public Places.” American Sociological Review 56 (1): 101–116. doi: 10.2307/2095676
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feagin, Joe R. 2006. Systemic Racism: A Theory of Oppression. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Feagin, Joe R. 2010. The White Racial Frame: Centuries of Racial Framing and Counter-framing. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Feagin, Joe R., and Melvin P. Sikes. 1994. Living with Racism: The Black Middle-class Experience. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Feagin, Joe, and Sean Elias. 2013. “Rethinking Racial Formation Theory: A Systemic Racism Critique.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 36: 6. doi: 10.1080/01419870.2012.669839
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feagin, Joe R., and K. D. McKinney. 2003. “Diverse Perspectives on Doing Anti Racism: The Younger Generation.” In White Out: The Continuing Significance of Racism, edited by Ashley Doane and Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, 233–252. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Feagin, Joe, Hernan Vera, and Pinar Batur. 2000. White Racism. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Glover, Karen. 2009. Racial Profiling: Research, Racism, and Resistance. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Golash-Boza, Tanya. 2014. “Forced Transnationalism: Transnational Coping Strategies and Gendered Stigma Among Jamaican Deportees.” Global Networks 14 (1): 63–79. doi: 10.1111/glob.12013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golash-Boza, Tanya. 2015. Deported: Immigrant Policing, Disposable Labor, and Global Capitalism. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Golash-Boza, Tanya, and Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo. 2013. “Latino Immigrant Men and the Deportation Crisis: A Gendered Racial Removal Program.” Latino Studies 11: 3–271. doi: 10.1057/lst.2013.14
   Google Scholar
• Grebler, Leo, Joan W. Moore, and Ralph C. Guzman. 1970. The Mexican American People: The Nation’s Second Largest Minority. Santa Barbara, CA: La Causa.
   Google Scholar
• Hagan, J., and A. Palloni. 1999. “Sociological Criminology and the Mythology of Hispanic Immigration and Crime.” Social Problems 46 (4): 617–632. doi: 10.2307/3097078
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haller, W., A. Portes, and S. M. Lynch. 2011. “Dreams Fulfilled and Shattered: Determinants of Segmented Assimilation in the Second Generation.” Social Forces 89 (3): 733–762. doi: 10.1353/sof.2011.0003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, Adia W. 2005. “Becoming Entrepreneurs: Intersections of Race, Class, and Gender at the Black Beauty Salon.” Gender and Society 19 (6): 789–808. doi: 10.1177/0891243205280104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter, Margaret. 2002. “Rethinking Epistemology, Methodology, and Race: or, Is White Sociology Really Dead?” Race and Society 5 (2): 119–138. doi: 10.1016/j.racsoc.2004.01.002
   Google Scholar
• Jimenez, Tomas. 2010. Replenished Ethnicity: Mexican Americans, Immigration, and Identity. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, Steve A., David Schauer, and Dennis L. Soden. 2002. “Analysis of Small Business Lending in Texas.” IPED Technical Reports, Paper 18.
   Google Scholar
• Kao, Grace, and Marta Tienda. 1998. “Educational Aspirations of Minority Youth.” American Journal of Education 106 (3): 349–384. doi: 10.1086/444188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasinitz, Philip. 1992. Caribbean New York: Black Immigrants and the Politics of Race. New York: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kasinitz, Philip, John Mollenkopf, Mary Waters, and Jennifer Holdaway. 2008. Inheriting the City: The Children of Immigrants Come of Age. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kochhar, Rakesh, Richard Fry, and Paul Taylor. 2011. “Wealth Gaps Rise to Record Highs Between Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics.” PEW Research Center.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, Jennifer. 2002. Civility in the City: Blacks, Jews, and Koreans in Urban America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, Jennifer, and Frank D. Bean. 2010. The Diversity Paradox: Immigration and the Color Line in 21st Century America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Levitt, Peggy. 2001. Transnational Migration: Taking Stock and Future Directions. Global Networks 1 (3): 195–216. doi: 10.1111/1471-0374.00013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Light, Ivan H. 1972. Ethnic Enterprise in America: Business and Welfare among Chinese, Japanese and Blacks. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Light, Ivan Hubert, and Edna Bonacich. 1988. Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lopez, David, and Yen Le Espiritu. 1990. “Panethnicity in the United States: A Theoretical Framework.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 13 (2): 198–224. doi: 10.1080/01419870.1990.9993669
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loveman, Mara. 1999. “Is Race Essential? Comment on Bonilla-Silva.” American Sociological Review 64: 891–898. doi: 10.2307/2657409
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massey, Douglas. 1979. “Effects of Socioeconomic Factors on the Residential Segregation of Blacks and Spanish Americans in U.S. Urbanized Areas.” American Sociological Review 44: 1015–1022. doi: 10.2307/2094723
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massey, Douglas S. 1981. “Dimensions of the New Immigration to the United States and the Prospects for Assimilation.” Annual Review of Sociology 7: 57–85. doi: 10.1146/annurev.so.07.080181.000421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menjivar, Cecilia, and Leisy Abrego. 2012. “Legal Violence: Immigration Law and the Lives of Central American Immigrants.” American Journal of Sociology 117 (5): 1380–1421. doi: 10.1086/663575
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, Wendy Leo. 2007. Reproducing Racism: White Space, Elite Law Schools, and Racial Inequality. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Myrdal, Gunnar. 1944. An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. New York: Harper and Brothers.
   Google Scholar
• Neckerman, Katherine, Prudence Carter, and Jennifer Lee. 1999. “Segmented Assimilation and Minority Cultures of Mobility.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 22 (6): 945–965. doi: 10.1080/014198799329198
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ocampo, Anthony. 2014. “Are Second-generation Filipinos ‘Becoming’ Asian American or Latino? Historical Colonialism, Culture, and Panethnicity.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 37 (3): 425–445. doi: 10.1080/01419870.2013.765022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochoa, Gilda. 2013. Academic Profiling: Latinos, Asian Americans, and the Achievement Gap. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Okamoto, Dina. 2014. Redefining Race: Asian American Panethnicity and Shifting Ethnic Boundaries. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Oliver, Melvin, and Thomas Shapiro. 2006. Black Wealth/White Wealth: A New Perspective on Racial Inequality. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Omi, Michael, and Howard Winant. 1994. Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Omi, Michael, and Howard Winant. 2013. “Resistance is Futile? A Response to Feagin and Elias.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 36: 6. doi: 10.1080/01419870.2012.715177
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orlove, Benjamin S. 1998. “Down to Earth: Race and Substance in the Andes.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 17 (2): 207–222. doi: 10.1111/j.1470-9856.1998.tb00172.x
   Google Scholar
• Ortiz, Alejandro. 2001. “El Término Raza como Homonimia.” In La Pareja y el Mito. Estudios sobre las Concepciones de la Persona y de la Pareja en los Andes Lima, edited by Alejandro Ortiz, 394–400. Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
   Google Scholar
• Patillo-McCoy, Mary. 1999. Black Picket Fences: Privilege and Peril Among the Black Middle Class Neighborhoods. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Perlmann, John. 2007. Italians Then, Mexicans Now: Immigrant Origins and Second Generation Progress, 1890 to 2000. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Pettit, Becky, and Bruce Western. 2004. “Mass Imprisonment and the Life Course: Race and Class Inequality in US Incarceration.” American Sociological Review 69 (2): 151–169. doi: 10.1177/000312240406900201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portes, Alejandro, and Aaron Puhrmann. 2007. “A Bifurcated Enclave: The Economic Evolution of the Cuban and Cuban American Population of Metropolitan Miami.” Cuban Studies 43 (1): 40–63. doi: 10.1353/cub.2015.0010
   Google Scholar
• Portes, Alejandro, Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, and William Haller. 2005. “Segmented Assimilation on the Ground: The New Second Generation in Early Adulthood.” Ethnic and racial studies 28 (6): 1000–1040. doi: 10.1080/01419870500224117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portes, Alejandro, and Richard Bach. 1985. Latin Journey: Cuban and Mexican Immigrants in the United States. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Portes, Alejandro, and Robert L. Bach. 1980. “Immigrant Earnings: Cuban and Mexican Immigrants in the United States.” International Migration Review 14 (3): 315–341. doi: 10.2307/2545295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portes, Alejandro, and Ruben G. Rumbaut. 1996. Immigrant America. 2nd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Portes, Alejandro, and Ruben Rumbaut. 2001. Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Portes, Alejandro, and Ruben Rumbaut. 2006. Immigrant America: A Portrait. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Portes, Alejandro, and Min Zhou. 1992. “Gaining the Upper Hand: Economic Mobility among Domestic Minorities.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 15 (4): 491–522. doi: 10.1080/01419870.1992.9993761
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell, John. 2008. “Structural Racism: Building upon the Insights of John Calmore.” North Carolina Law Review 86 (2007): 791.
   Google Scholar
• Robb, Alicia M., and Robert W. Fairlie 2006. “Tracing Access to Financial Capital among African Americans from the Entrepreneurial Venture to the Established Business.” Working Paper, University of California, Santa Cruz.
   Google Scholar
• Rugh, Jacob S. and Douglas S. Massey. 2010. “Racial Segregation and the American Foreclosure Crisis.” American Sociological Review 75 (5): 629–651. doi: 10.1177/0003122410380868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez, Gabriel R. 2006. “The Role of Group Consciousness in Political Participation Among Latinos in the United States.” American Politics Research 34 (4): 427–450. doi: 10.1177/1532673X05284417
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarritt, Arthur. 2015. Racial Spoils from Native Soils: How Neoliberalism Steals Indigenous Lands in Highland Peru. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Smedley, Audrey. 2007. Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg, Steven. 2007. Race Relations: A Critique. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Steinbugler, Amy. 2012. Beyond Loving: Intimate Racework in Lesbian, Gay, and Straight Interracial Relationships. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stokes, Atiya Kai. 2003. “Latino Group Consciousness and Political Participation.” American Politics Research 31 (4): 361–378. doi: 10.1177/1532673X03031004002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treitler, Vilna. 2013. The Ethnic Project: Transforming Racial Fiction into Ethnic Factions. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Treitler, Vilna. 2015. “Social Agency and White Supremacy in Immigration Studies.” Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 1: 1. doi: 10.1177/2332649214560796
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdez, Zulema. 2006. “Segmented Assimilation among Mexicans in the Southwest.” The Sociological Quarterly 47: 397–424. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-8525.2006.00051.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdez, Zulema. 2009. “Agency and Structure in Panethnic Identity Formation: The Case of Latino Entrepreneurs.” In How the United States Racializes Latinos: White Hegemony and Its Consequences, edited by Jose Cobas, Jorge Duany, and Joe R. Feagin, 200–213. Boulder, CO: Paradigm.
   Google Scholar
• Valdez, Zulema. 2011a. The New Entrepreneurs: How Race, Class, and Gender Shape American Enterprise. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Valdez, Zulema. 2011b. “Political Participation among Latinos in the United States: The Effect of Group Identity and Consciousness.” Social Science Quarterly 92 (2): 466–482. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2011.00778.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallejo, Jody A. 2009. “Latina Spaces: Middle-class Ethnic Capital and Professional Associations in the Latino Community.” City and Community 8 (2): 129–154. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6040.2009.01277.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallejo, Jody A. 2012. Barrios to Burbs: The Making of the Mexican American Middle Class. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vasquez, Jessica. 2011. Mexican Americans Across Generations: Immigrant Families, Racial Realities. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Waldinger, Roger and Cynthia Feliciano. 2004. “Will the New Second Generation Experience ‘Downward Assimilation'? Segmented Assimilation Re-Assessed.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 27 (3): 376–402. doi: 10.1080/01491987042000189196
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldinger, Roger, Howard Aldrich, Robin Ward, and associates. 2006. Ethnic Entrepreneurs: Immigrant Business in Industrial Societies. Newbury Park: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Waters, Mary C. 1990. Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Waters, Mary. 1994. “Ethnic and Racial Identities of Second-generation Black Immigrants in New York City.” International Migration Review 28 (4): 795–820. doi: 10.2307/2547158
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wimmer, Andreas. 2013. Ethnic Boundary Making: Institutions, Power, Networks. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yancey, William, Eugene Erikson, and Richard Juliani. 1976. “Emergent Ethnicity: A Review and Reformulation.” American Sociological Review 41: 391–403. doi: 10.2307/2094249
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yinger, John. 1995. Closed Doors, Opportunities Lost: The Continuing Costs of Housing Discrimination. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, Min. 1992. New York’s Chinatown: The Socioeconomic Potential of an Urban Enclave. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, Min. 1997. “Segmented Assimilation: Issues, Controversies, and Recent Research on the New Second Generation.” International Migration Review 31: 975–1019. doi: 10.2307/2547421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, Min. 2007. “Divergent Origins and Destinies: Children of Asian immigrants.” In Narrowing the Achievement Gap: Strategies for Educating Latino, Black, and Asian Students, edited by Susan J. Paik and Herbert J. Walberg, 109–129. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, Min, and Carl L. Bankston III. 1998. Growing Up American: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar