The social media response to Black Lives Matter: how Twitter users interact with Black Lives Matter through hashtag use

References

• Apuzzo, M., and J. Eligon. 2015. “Ferguson Police Tainted by Bias, Justice Department Says.” The New York Times, March 4. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/05/us/us-calls-on-ferguson-to-overhaul-criminal-justice-system.html.
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong, E. A., and S. M. Crage. 2006. “Movements and Memory: The Making of the Stonewall Myth.” American Sociological Review 71 (5): 724–751. doi: 10.1177/000312240607100502
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benford, R. 1993. “Frame Disputes Within the Nuclear Disarmament Movement.” Social Forces 71 (3): 677–701. doi:10.1093/sf/71.3.677 doi: 10.2307/2579890
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benford, R., and D. A. Snow. 2000. “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.” Annual Review of Sociology 26: 611–639. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown-Hinds, P. 2015. “Black Lives Still Matters to Grassroots and Black Media.” Black Voice News, January 13. http://www.blackvoicenews.com/2015/01/13/black-lives-still-matters-to-grassroots-and-black-media/.
   Google Scholar
• Cherney, A., and W. H. Chui. 2010. “Police Auxiliaries in Australia: Police Liaison Officers and the Dilemmas of Being Part of the Police Extended Family.” Policing and Society 20 (3): 280–297. doi: 10.1080/10439463.2010.505286
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherney, A., and W. H. Chui. 2011. “The Dilemmas of Being a Police Auxiliary – An Australian Case Study of Police Liaison Officers.” Policing 5 (2): 180–187. doi: 10.1093/police/par028
   Google Scholar
• Davis, C. A., G. L. Ciampaglia, L. M. Aiello, K. Chung, M. D. Conover, E. Ferrara, A. Flammini, G. C. Fox, X. Gao, B. Gonçalves, et al. 2016. “OSoMe: The IUNI Observatory on Social Media.” PeerJ Computer Science 2 (87): 1–18. doi:10.7287/peerj.preprints.2008v1.
   Google Scholar
• Ferree, M. M., W. W. Gamson, J. Gerhards, and D. Rucht. 2002. Shaping Abortion Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Garza, A. 2017. “A HerStory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement.” Accessed February 23, 2017. http://blacklivesmatter.com/herstory/.
   Google Scholar
• Gerbaudo, P. 2012. Tweets and the Streets: Social Media and Contemporary Activism. London: Pluto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gerhards, J., and D. Rucht. 1992. “Mesomobilization: Organizing and Framing in Two Protest Campaigns in West Germany.” American Journal of Sociology 98 (3): 555–596. doi: 10.1086/230049
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halvorsen, S. 2014. “Taking Space: Moments of Rupture and Everyday Life in Occupy London.” Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography 47 (2): 401–417. doi: 10.1111/anti.12116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harlow, S. 2009. “Social Media and Social Movements: Facebook and an Online Guatemalan Justice Movement that Moved Offline.” News Media and Society 14 (2): 225–243. doi: 10.1177/1461444811410408
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaney, M. T., and F. Rojas. 2006. “The Place of Framing: Multiple Audiences and Antiwar Protests Near Fort Bragg.” Qualitative Sociology 29 (4): 485–505. doi: 10.1007/s11133-006-9040-y
   Google Scholar
• Jasper, J. 1998. The Art of Moral Protest: Culture, Biography, and Creativity in Social Movements. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, V. 1997. Operation Rescue, Vocabularies of Motive, and Tactical Action: A Study of Movement Framing in the Practice of Quasi-nonviolence. Research in Social Movements Conflict Change, No. 20, 103–150.
   Google Scholar
• King, J. 2015. “How Three Friends Turned a Spontaneous Facebook Post Into a Global Phenomenon.” California Sunday, March 1. https://stories.californiasunday.com/2015-03-01/black-lives-matter/.
   Google Scholar
• Mansbridge, J. J. 1986. Why We Lost the ERA. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• McAdam, D. 1996. “The Framing Function of Movement Tactics: Strategic Dramaturgy in the American Civil Rights Movement.” In Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings, edited by D. McAdam, J. D. McCarthy and M. N. Zald, 338–356. New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CB09780511803987.017.
   Google Scholar
• McCaughey, M., and M. D. Ayers. 2003. Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, B. A. 2000. Geography and Social Movements. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Riker, W. H. 1986. The Art of Political Manipulation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rojas, F. 2007. From Black Power to Black Studies: How a Radical Social Movement Became an Academic Discipline. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, J. 2015. “How Black Lives Matter Moved from a Hashtag to a Real Political Force.” The Washington Post, August 19. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/08/19/how-black-lives-matter-moved-from-a-hashtag-to-a-real-political-force/?utm_term=.9aa5f9b3c9b4.
   Google Scholar
• Sewell Jr., W. H. 2001. “Space in Contentious Politics.” In Silence and Voice in the Study of Contentious Politics, edited by R. R. Aminzade, J. A. Goldstone, D. McAdam, E. J. Perry, W. H. Sewell Jr., S. Tarrow, and C. Tilly, 51–88. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Snow, D. A., and R. D. Benford. 1988. “Ideology, Frame Resonance, and Participant Mobilization.” International Social Movement Research 1 (1): 197–218.
   Google Scholar
• Snow, D. A., E. B. Rochford, S. K. Worden, and R. D. Benford. 1986. “Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation.” American Sociological Review 51 (4): 464–481. doi: 10.2307/2095581
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, K. 2016. From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation. Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books.
   Google Scholar
• Tufekci, Z., and C. Wilson. 2012. “Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations from Tahrir Square.” Journal of Communication 62 (2): 363–379. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01629.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tversky, A., and D. Kahneman. 1981. “The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice.” Science 211 (4481): 453–458. doi: 10.1126/science.7455683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youmans, W. L., and J. C. York. 2012. “Social Media and the Activist Toolkit: User Agreements, Corporate Interests, and the Information Infrastructure of Modern Social Movements.” Journal of Communication 62 (2): 315–329. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01636.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar