Factors shaping Asian Americans’ attitudes toward homosexuality

References

• Adamczyk, Amy. 2017. Cross-national Public Opinion About Homosexuality: Examining Attitudes Across the Globe. Oakland, CA: Univ of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Adamczyk, Amy, and Cassady Pitt. 2009. “Shaping Attitudes About Homosexuality: The Role of Religion and Cultural Context.” Social Science Research 38 (2): 338–351. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.01.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adamczyk, Amy, and Yen-Chiao Liao. 2019. “Examining Public Opinion about LGBTQ-related Issues in the United States and Across Multiple Nations.” Annual Review of Sociology 45: 401–423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahrold, Tierney K., and Cindy M. Meston. 2010. “Ethnic Differences in Sexual Attitudes of U.S. College Students: Gender, Acculturation, and Religiosity Factors.” Archives of Sexual Behavior 39 (1): 190–202. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9406-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alba, Richard D., and Victor Nee. 2003. Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Alumkal, Antony W. 1999. “Preserving Patriarchy: Assimilation, Gender Norms, and Second-Generation Korean American Evangelicals.” Qualitative Sociology 22 (2): 127–140. doi:10.1023/A:1022072008060.
   Google Scholar
• Andersen, R., and T. Fetner. 2008. “Cohort Differences in Tolerance of Homosexuality: Attitudinal Change in Canada and the United States, 1981-2000.” Public Opinion Quarterly 72 (2): 311–330. doi:10.1093/poq/nfn017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bobo, Lawrence, and Frederick C. Licari. 1989. “Education and Political Tolerance: Testing the Effects of Cognitive Sophistication and Target Group Affect.” Public Opinion Quarterly 53 (3): 285. doi:10.1086/269154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowman, Nicholas A. 2013. “How Much Diversity Is Enough? The Curvilinear Relationship Between College Diversity Interactions and First-Year Student Outcomes.” Research in Higher Education 54 (8): 874–894. doi:10.1007/s11162-013-9300-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calzo, Jerel P., and L. Monique Ward. 2009. “Contributions of Parents, Peers, and Media to Attitudes Toward Homosexuality: Investigating Sex and Ethnic Differences.” Journal of Homosexuality 56 (8): 1101–1116. doi:10.1080/00918360903279338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, Colin, and Jonathan Horowitz. 2016. “Does College Influence Sociopolitical Attitudes?” Sociology of Education 89 (1): 40–58. doi:10.1177/0038040715617224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaturvedi, Neilan S. 2014. “The Next Generation? A Reexamination of Religious Influence on Mexican-American Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Marriage.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 2 (4): 589–606.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Carolyn. 2008. Getting Saved in America: Taiwanese Immigration and Religious Experience. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dey, Eric L. 1997. “Undergraduate Political Attitudes: Peer Influence in Changing Social Contexts.” The Journal of Higher Education 68 (4): 398–413. doi:10.1080/00221546.1997.11778990.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doan, L., A. Loehr, and L. R. Miller. 2014. “Formal Rights and Informal Privileges for Same-sex Couples: Evidence from a National Survey Experiment.” American Sociological Review 79 (6): 1172–1195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feliciano, Cynthia, and Yader R. Lanuza. 2017. “An Immigrant Paradox? Contextual Attainment and Intergenerational Educational Mobility.” American Sociological Review 82 (1): 211–241. doi:10.1177/0003122416684777.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flores, Andrew. 2014. “National Trends in Public Opinion on LGBT Rights in the United States,” November. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72t8q7pg.
   Google Scholar
• Foner, Nancy, and Richard Alba. 2008. “Immigrant Religion in the U.S. and Western Europe: Bridge or Barrier to Inclusion?” International Migration Review 42 (2): 360–392. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00128.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garretson, Jeremiah J. 2015. “Exposure to the Lives of Lesbians and Gays and the Origin of Young People’s Greater Support for Gay Rights.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 27 (2): 277–288. doi:10.1093/ijpor/edu026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross, Neil, and Ethan Fosse. 2012. “Why Are Professors Liberal?” Theory and Society 41 (2): 127–168. doi:10.1007/s11186-012-9163-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• “GSS Data Explorer NORC at the University of Chicago.”. 2019. Accessed December 6. https://gssdataexplorer.norc.org/variables/634/vshow.
   Google Scholar
• Hahm, Hyeouk Chris, Maureen Lahiff, and Rose M. Barreto. 2006. “Asian American Adolescents’ First Sexual Intercourse: Gender and Acculturation Differences.” Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 38 (01): 28–36. doi:10.1363/3802806.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harrison, Brian F., and Melissa R. Michelson. 2017. Listen, We Need to Talk: How to Change Attitudes About LGBT Rights. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Herek, Gregory M., and Milagritos Gonzalez-Rivera. 2006. “Attitudes Toward Homosexuality among U.S. Residents of Mexican Descent.” The Journal of Sex Research 43 (2): 122–135. doi:10.1080/00224490609552307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschman, Charles. 2006. “The Role of Religion in the Origins and Adaptation of Immigrant Groups in the United States1.” International Migration Review 38 (3): 1206–1233. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00233.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inglehart, R., C. Haerpfer, A. Moreno, C. Welzel, K. Kizilova, J. Diez-Medrano, M. Lagos, P. Norris, E. Ponarin, B. Puranen, et al., eds. 2014a. World Values Survey: Round Five - Country-Pooled Datafile 2005-2008. Madrid: JD Systems Institute. Version:http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV5.jsp.
   Google Scholar
• Inglehart, R., C. Haerpfer, A. Moreno, C. Welzel, K. Kizilova, J. Diez-Medrano, M. Lagos, P. Norris, E. Ponarin, B. Puranen, et al., eds. 2014b. World Values Survey: Round Six - Country-Pooled Datafile 2010-2014. Madrid: JD Systems Institute. Version:http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV6.jsp.
   Google Scholar
• International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association: Lucas Ramon Mendos. 2019. “State-Sponsored Homophobia 2019” ILGA. March. https://ilga.org/downloads/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2019_light.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Jäckle, Sebastian, and Georg Wenzelburger. 2015. “Religion, Religiosity, and the Attitudes Toward Homosexuality—A Multilevel Analysis of 79 Countries.” Journal of Homosexuality 62 (2): 207–241. doi:10.1080/00918369.2014.969071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasinitz, Philip, John H. Mollenkopf, Jennifer Holdaway, and Mary C. Waters. 2009. Inheriting the City: The Children of Immigrants Come of Age. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, ChangHwan, and Arthur Sakamoto. 2010. “Have Asian American Men Achieved Labor Market Parity with White Men?” American Sociological Review 75 (6): 934–957. doi:10.1177/0003122410388501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingston, Paul W., Ryan Hubbard, Brent Lapp, Paul Schroeder, and Julia Wilson. 2003. “Why Education Matters.” Sociology of Education 76 (1): 53. doi:10.2307/3090261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozloski, Michael J. 2010. “Homosexual Moral Acceptance and Social Tolerance: Are the Effects of Education Changing?” Journal of Homosexuality 57 (10): 1370–1383. doi:10.1080/00918369.2010.517083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert, Eric G., Lois A. Ventura, Daniel E. Hall, and Terry Cluse-Tolar. 2006. “College Students’ Views on Gay and Lesbian Issues: Does Education Make a Difference?” Journal of Homosexuality 50 (4): 1–30. doi:10.1300/J082v50n04_01.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Jennifer, and Van Tran. 2019. “The Mere Mention of Asians in Affirmative Action.” Sociological Science 6: 551–579. doi:10.15195/v6.a21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Jennifer, and Min Zhou. 2015. The Asian American Achievement Paradox. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, Gregory B. 2003. “Black-White Differences in Attitudes Toward Homosexuality and Gay Rights.” Public Opinion Quarterly 67 (1): 59–78. doi:10.1086/346009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lien, Pei-te, M. Margaret Conway, and Janelle Wong. 2004. The Politics of Asian Americans: Diversity and Community. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Loftus, Jeni. 2001. “America’s Liberalization in Attitudes Toward Homosexuality, 1973 to 1998.” American Sociological Review 66 (5): 762. doi:10.2307/3088957.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez, Gustavo, Neil G. Ruiz, and Eileen Patten. 2017. “Key Facts about Asian Americans, a Diverse and Growing Population.” Pew Research Center. September 8. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/09/08/key-facts-about-asian-americans/.
   Google Scholar
• Ohlander, Julianne, Jeanne Batalova, and Judith Treas. 2005. “Explaining Educational Influences on Attitudes Toward Homosexual Relations.” Social Science Research 34 (4): 781–799. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2004.12.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, Soyoung. 2001. “The Intersection of Religion, Race, Ethnicity, and Gender in the Identity Formation of Korean American Evangelical Women.” In Korean Americans and Their Religions: Pilgrims and Missionaries from a Different Shore, edited by Ho-Youn Kwon, Kwang C. Kim, and R. S. Warner, 193–208. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Park, Jerry Z. 2009. “Assessing the Sociological Study of Asian American Christianity.” SSRN scholarly Paper ID 2736073, Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2736073.
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. 2012. “Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths.” Pew Research Center. July 19. https://www.pewforum.org/2012/07/19/asian-americans-a-mosaic-of-faiths-overview/.
   Google Scholar
• Portes, Alejandro, and Rubén G. Rumbaut. 2001. Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Portes, Alejandro, and Min Zhou. 1993. “The New Second Generation: Segmented Assimilation and Its Variants.” The annals of the American academy of political and social science 530 (1): 74—96.
   Google Scholar
• Ramakrishnan, Subramanian Karthick. 2005. Democracy in Immigrant America: Changing Demographics and Political Participation. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ramakrishnan, Subramanian Karthick, Jennifer Lee, Taeku Lee, and Janelle Wong. 2018. National Asian American Survey (NAAS) Post-Election Survey. Riverside, CA: National Asian American Survey, 2018-03-03.
   Google Scholar
• Raychaudhuri, Tanika. 2018. “The Social Roots of Asian American Partisan Attitudes.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 6 (3): 389–410. doi:10.1080/21565503.2018.1494009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Röder, Antje. 2015. “Immigrants’ Attitudes Toward Homosexuality: Socialization) Religion, and Acculturation in European Host Societies.” International Migration Review 49 (4): 1042–1070. doi:10.1111/imre.12113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rumbaut, Rubén G., and Golnaz Komaie. 2010. “Immigration and Adult Transitions.” The Future of Children 20 (1): 43–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schofer, Evan, Francisco O. Ramirez, and John W. Meyer. 2021. “The Societal Consequences of Higher Education.” Sociology of Education 94 (1): 1–19. doi: 10.1177/0038040720942912.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte, Lisa J., and Juan Battle. 2004. “The Relative Importance of Ethnicity and Religion in Predicting Attitudes Towards Gays and Lesbians.” Journal of Homosexuality 47 (2): 127–142. doi:10.1300/J082v47n02_08.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwadel, Philip, and Christopher R. H. Garneau. 2017a. “The Diffusion of Tolerance: Birth Cohort Changes in the Effects of Education and Income on Political Tolerance.” Sociological Forum 32 (4): 748–769. doi:10.1111/socf.12374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherkat, Darren E., Kylan Mattias de Vries, and Stacia Creek. 2010. “Race, Religion, and Opposition to Same-Sex Marriage.” Social Science Quarterly 91 (1): 80–98. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00682.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soehl, Thomas. 2017. “From Origins to Destinations: Acculturation Trajectories in Migrants’ Attitudes Towards Homosexuality.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 43 (11): 1831–1853. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2016.1246178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. 2019. Detailed Years of School Completed by People 25 Years and Over by Sex, Age Groups, Race and Hispanic Origin: 2018. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2018/demo/education-attainment/cps-detailed-tables.html.
   Google Scholar
• Tong, Yuying. 2013. “Acculturation, Gender Disparity, and the Sexual Behavior of Asian American Youth.” Journal of Sex Research 50 (6): 560–573. doi:10.1080/00224499.2012.668976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Bracht, Koen, and Bart Van de Putte. 2014. “Homonegativity among First and Second Generation Migrants in Europe: The Interplay of Time Trends, Origin, Destination and Religion.” Social Science Research 48 (November): 108–120. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.05.011.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• White, Ian R., Patrick Royston, and Angela M. Wood. 2011. “Multiple Imputation Using Chained Equations: Issues and Guidance for Practice.” Statistics in Medicine 30 (4): 377–399. doi:10.1002/sim.4067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitley, Bernard E. 2009. “Religiosity and Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men: A Meta-Analysis.” International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 19 (1): 21–38. doi:10.1080/10508610802471104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Fenggang. 2004. “Gender and Generation in a Chinese Christian Church.” In Asian American Religions: The Making and Remaking of Borders and Boundaries, edited by Tony Carnes, and Fenggang Yang, 205–222. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zeng, Zhen, and Yu Xie. 2004. “Asian-Americans’ Earnings Disadvantage Reexamined: The Role of Place of Education.” American Journal of Sociology 109 (5): 1075–1108. doi:10.1086/381914.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Tony Huiquan, and Robert Brym. 2019. “Tolerance of Homosexuality in 88 Countries: Education, Political Freedom, and Liberalism.” Sociological Forum 34 (2): 501–521. doi:10.1111/socf.12507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar