“It’s the way my boat came ova”: African American women, ethnic options & ethnic moves

References

• Alcoff, Linda Martin. 2009. “Latinos Beyond the Binary.” The Southern Journal of Philosophy 47: 112–128.
   Google Scholar
• Aranda, Elizabeth. 2017. “An Ethnoracial Perspective: Response to Valdez and Golash-Boza.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 40 (13): 2232–2239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 1997. “Rethinking Racism: Toward a Structural Interpretation.” American Sociological Review 62 (3): 465–480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnaval San Francisco. 2020. “Participate.” Retrieved January 26, 2020, https://www.carnavalsanfrancisco.org/participate.
   Google Scholar
• Clergé, Orly. 2019. The New Noir: Race, Identity & Diaspora in Black Suburbia. Oakland: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cox, Aimee. 2015. Shapeshifters: Black Girls and the Choreography of Citizenship. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Craig, Maxine Leeds. 2012. “Racialized Bodies.” In Routledge Handbook of Body Studies, edited by Bryan S Turner, 321–331. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Craig, Maxine Leeds. 2014. Sorry I Don’t Dance: Why Men Refuse to Move. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Etienne, Vadricka Y. 2020. “Rather Be Known as Haitian: Identity Construction of the Ethnically-Identified Second Generation.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 43 (12): 2158–2175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gans, Herbert J. 1979. “Symbolic Ethnicity: The Future of Ethnic Groups and Cultures in America.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 2 (1): 1–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaunt, Kyra. 2006. The Games Black Girls Play: Learning the Ropes from Double-Dutch to Hip-Hop. New York: NYU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gottschild, Brenda Dixon. 2003. The Black Dancing Body: A Geography from Coon to Cool. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Greer, Christina M. 2013. Black Ethnics. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, Stuart. 1993. “What is This ‘Black’ in Black Popular Culture?” Social Justice 20 (1/2): 104–114.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, Stuart. 1994. “Cultural Identity and Diaspora.” In Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory: A Reader, edited by P. Williams and L. Chrisman. Routledge. doi:https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315656496
   Google Scholar
• Herskovits, Melville. 1958. The Myth of the Negro Past. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hintzen, Percy C. 2001. West Indian in the West. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jiménez, Tomas. 2010. “Affiliative Ethnic Identity: A More Elastic Link Between Ethnic Ancestry and Culture.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 33 (10): 1756–1775.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacy, Karyn. 2007. Blue-Chip Black: Race, Class, and Status in the New Black Middle Class. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lizárraga, Willy. n.d. “The Birth of Carnaval on the Streets of San Francisco: ‘I was There … ’.” FoundSF, Accessed January 13, 2021. https://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=The_Birth_of_Carnaval_on_the_Streets_of_San_Francisco.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, Alondra. 2008. “Genetic Genealogy and the Pursuit of African Ancestry.” Social Studies of Medicine 38 (5): 759–783.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, Alondra. 2016. The Social Life of DNA: Race, Reparations, and Reconciliation after the Genome. Boston: Beacon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Omi, Michael, and Howard Winant. 2015. Racial Formation in the United States. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ortiz, Vilma. 2017. “Towards Unifying Racial and Ethnic Paradigms.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 40 (13): 2240–2248.
   Google Scholar
• Pierre, Jemima. 2004. “Black Immigrants in the United States and the ‘Cultural Narratives’ of Ethnicity.” Identities 11 (2): 141–170.
   Google Scholar
• Puwar, Nirmal. 2020. “Carrying as Method: Listening to Bodies as Archives.” Body & Society, forthcoming.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards, Bedelia. 2014. “Ethnic Identity on Display: West Indian Youth and the Creation of Ethnic Boundaries in High School.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 37 (6): 978–997.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, Dorothy. 2011. Fatal Invention. New York: New Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez, Jason. 2006. “Color-Blind Ideology and the Cultural Appropriation of Hip-Hop.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 35 (6): 645–668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth, Wendy D. 2016. “The Multiple Dimensions of Race.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 39 (8): 1310–1338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth, Wendy D., and Biorn Ivemark. 2018. “Genetic Options: The Impact of Genetic Ancestry Testing on Ethnic and Racial Identities.” American Journal of Sociology 124 (1): 150–184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sears, Stephanie. 2010. Imagining Black Womanhood: The Negotiation of Power and Identity Within the Girls Empowerment Project. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shilling, Chris. 2003. The Body and Social Theory. 2nd ed. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Small, M. L., D. J. Harding, and M. Lamont. 2010. “Reconsidering Culture and Poverty.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 629 (1): 6–27.
   Google Scholar
• Song, Miri. 2001. “Comparing Minorities’ Ethnic Options: Do Asian Americans Possess ‘More’ Ethnic Options Than African Americans?” Ethnicities 1 (1): 57–82.
   Google Scholar
• Sue, Christina. 2017. “U.S. Racial and Ethnic Relations in the Twenty-First Century: Are Old Divisions Prevailing?” Ethnic and Racial Studies 40 (13): 2210–2217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treitler, Vilna Bashi. 2013. The Ethnic Project. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Valdez, Zulema, and Tanya Golash-Boza. 2017a. “Towards an Intersectionality of Race and Ethnicity.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 40 (13): 2256–2261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdez, Zulema, and Tanya Golash-Boza. 2017b. “U.S. Racial and Ethnic Relations in the Twenty-First Century.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 40 (13): 2181–2209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Deburg, William L. 1992. New Day in Babylon: The Black Power Movement and American Culture: 1965–1975. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, Andrew H. 1993. “Dancing in the Dark: Rationalism and the Neglect of Social Dance.” In Dance, Gender and Culture, edited by Helen Thomas, 16–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Waters, Mary C. 1990. Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Waters, Mary C. 1999. Black Identities: West Indian Immigrant Dreams and American Realities. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Waters, Mary C., Philip Kasinitiz, and L. Asad. 2014. “Immigrants and African Americans.” Annual Review of Sociology 40: 369–390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkins, Amy. 2008. Wannabes, Goths, and Christians: The Boundaries of Sex, Style and Status. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, Bianca. 2018. The Pursuit of Happiness: Black Women, Diasporic Dreams, and the Politics of Emotional Transnationalism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar