1,077
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Conditions for cultural belonging among youth of immigrant descent in Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Comparative analysis of intergroup experiences and classroom contexts

ORCID Icon, &
Pages 659-683 | Received 11 Mar 2022, Accepted 04 Oct 2022, Published online: 24 Oct 2022

References

  • Agirdag, O., M. van Houtte, and P. Van Avermaet. 2011. “Ethnic School Context and the National and sub-National Identification of Pupils.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 34 (2): 357–378.
  • Allport, G. W. 1954. The Nature of Prejudice. Cambridge: Perseus Books.
  • Banting, K., and W. Kymlicka. 2013. “Is There Really a Retreat from Multiculturalism Policies?” New Evidence from the Multiculturalism Policy Index. Comparative European Politics 11 (5): 577–598.
  • Barry, B. 2001. Culture and Equality: An Egalitarian Critique of Multiculturalism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.
  • Baumeister R, F., and R. Leary M. 1995. “The Need to Belong: Desire for Interpersonal Attachments as a Fundamental Human Motivation.” Psychological Bulletin 11 (3): 497–529.
  • Berry, J. W. 2011. “Integration and Multiculturalism: Ways Towards Social Solidarity.” Papers on Social Representations 20 (1): 1–21.
  • Berry, J. W., J. S. Phinney, D. L. Sam, and P. Vedder. 2006. “Immigrant Youth: Acculturation.” Identity, and Adaptation. Applied Psychology 55 (3): 303–332.
  • Blalock, H. M. 1957. “Per Cent Non-White and Discrimination in the South.” American Sociological Review 22: 677–682.
  • Blau, P. M. 1974. “Parameters of Social Structure.” American Sociological Review 39 (5): 615–635.
  • Bornstein, M. H. 2017. “The Specificity Principle in Acculturation Science.” Perspectives on Psychological Science 12 (1): 3–45.
  • Branscombe, N. R., M. T. Schmitt, and R. D. Harvey. 1999. “Perceiving Pervasive Discrimination among African Americans: Implications for Group Identification and Well-Being.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77 (1): 135–149.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U., and P. A. Morris. 2006. “The Bioecological Model of Human Development.” In Handbook of Child Psychology, edited by W. Damon, and R. M. Lerner, 793–828. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Brunsma, D. L. 2005. “Interracial Families and the Racial Identification of Mixed-Race Children: Evidence from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study.” Social Forces 84 (2): 1131–1157.
  • Cangiano, A. 2012. “Immigration Policy and Migrant Labour Market Outcomes in the European Union: New Evidence from the EU Labour Force Survey.” Fieri Working Papers.
  • Castles, S., and M. J. Miller. 2009. The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the Modern World. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Celeste, L., G. Baysu, L. Meeussen, J. Kende, and K. Phalet. 2019. “Can School Diversity Policies Reduce Belonging and Achievement Gaps Between Minority and Majority Youth? Multiculturalism, Colorblindness, and Assimilationism Assessed.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45 (11): 1603–1618.
  • Conrad, S. 2013. “Rethinking German Colonialism in a Global Age.” The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 41 (4): 543–566.
  • Dollmann, J. K. 2021. “Ethnic Inequality in Choice- and Performance-Driven Education Systems: A Longitudinal Study of Educational Choices in England, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden.” The British Journal of Sociology 72: 974–991.
  • Dollmann, J. K., and F. Kalter. 2014. “Examining the Diversity of Youth in Europe. A Classification of Generations and Ethnic Origins using CILS4EU Data (Technical Report).” Mannheim: Mannheimer Zentrum für Europäische Sozialforschung, Arbeitspapiere 156.
  • Drouhot, L. G., and V. Nee. 2019. “Assimilation and the Second Generation in Europe and America: Blending and Segregating Social Dynamics Between Immigrants and Natives.” Annual Review of Sociology 45: 177–199.
  • Edele, A., M. Jansen, M. K. Schachner, C. Schotte, C. Rjosk, S. Radmann, and P. Stanat. 2020. “School Track and Ethnic Class Composition Affect the Mainstream Identity of Adolescents with Immigrant Background in Germany, but not Their Ethnic Identity.” International Journal of Psychology 55 (5): 754–768.
  • Engzell, P. 2021. “What Do Books in the Home Proxy For? A Cautionary Tale.” Sociological Methods & Research 50 (4): 1487–1514.
  • Faas, D. 2009. “Reconsidering Identity: The Ethnic and Political Dimensions of Hybridity Among Majority and Turkish Youth in Germany and England.” British Journal of Sociology 60 (2): 299–320.
  • Gaertner, S. L., and J. F. Dovidio. 2000. Reducing Intergroup Bias: The Common Ingroup Identity Model. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
  • Graham, S. 2018. “Race/Ethnicity and Social Adjustment of Adolescents: How (Not If) School Diversity Matters.” Educational Psychologist 53 (2): 64–77.
  • Guerra, R., S. L. Gaertner, R. António, and M. Deegan. 2016. “Do we Need Them? When Immigrant Communities are Perceived as Indispensable to National Identity or Functioning of the Host Society.” European Journal of Social Psychology 45 (7): 868–879.
  • Guimond, S., R. de la Sablonnière, and A. Nugier. 2014. “Living in a Multicultural World: Intergroup Ideologies and the Societal Context of Intergroup Relations.” European Review of Social Psychology 25 (1): 142–188.
  • Ham, S.-H., K.-E. Yang, and Y.-K. Cha. 2017. “Immigrant Integration Policy for Future Generations? A Cross-National Multilevel Analysis of Immigrant-Background Adolescents’ Sense of Belonging at School.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 60: 40–50.
  • Hansen, R. 2004. “Migration to Europe Since 1945: Its History and its Lessons.” The Political Quarterly 74 (1): 25–38.
  • Heizmann, B. 2016. “Symbolic Boundaries, Incorporation Policies, and Anti-Immigrant Attitudes: What Drives Exclusionary Policy Preferences?” Ethnic and Racial Studies 39 (10): 1791–1811.
  • Heizmann, B., and C. Ziller. 2020. “Who Is Willing to Share the Burden?” Attitudes Towards the Allocation of Asylum Seekers in Comparative Perspective. Social Forces 98 (3): 1026–1051.
  • Igarashi, A. 2019. “Till Multiculturalism do us Part: Multicultural Policies and the National Identification of Immigrants in European Countries.” Social Science Research 77: 88–100.
  • Janmaat, J. G. 2014. “Do Ethnically Mixed Classrooms Promote Inclusive Attitudes Towards Immigrants Everywhere? A Study Among Native Adolescents in 14 Countries.” European Sociological Review 30(6): 810-822.
  • Juang, L. P., J. A. Simpson, R. M. Lee, A. J. Rothman, P. F. Titzmann, M. K. Schachner, L. Korn, D. Heinemeier, and C. Betsch. 2018. “Using Attachment and Relational Perspectives to Understand Adaptation and Resilience among Immigrant and Refugee Youth.” American Psychologist 73 (6): 797–811.
  • Kalter, F., A. F. Heath, M. Hewstone, J. O. Jonsson, M. Kalmijn, I. Kogan, and F. Van Tubergen. 2016. “Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU) – Full Version. Data File for on-Site Use. GESIS Data Archive, Cologne.” ZA 5353, Data file Version 2.3.0.
  • Kesler, C. 2010. “Immigrant Wage Disadvantage in Sweden and the United Kingdom: Wage Structure and Barriers to Opportunity.” International Migration Review 44 (3): 560–592.
  • Koopmans, R. 2010. “Trade-Offs Between Equality and Difference: Immigrant Integration, Multiculturalism and the Welfare State in Cross-National Perspective.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36 (1): 1–26.
  • Kymlicka, W. 1995. Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Merton, R. K. 1968. “Continuities in the Theory of Reference Groups and Social Structure.” In Social Theory and Social Structure, edited by R. K. Merton, 339–441. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.
  • Miller-Cotto, D., and J. P. Byrnes. 2016. “Ethnic/Racial Identity and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Developmental Review 41: 51–70.
  • Naum, M., and J. M. Nordin. 2013. Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity: Small Time Agents in a Global Arena. New York: Springer Science and Business.
  • Pettigrew, T. F. 2018. “The Emergence of Contextual Social Psychology.” Personality and Social Psychology 44 (7): 963–971.
  • Phalet, K., and G. Baysu. 2020. “Fitting in: How the Intergroup Context Shapes Minority Acculturation and Achievement.” European Review of Social Psychology 31 (1): 1–39.
  • Platt, L. 2014. “Is There Assimilation in Minority Groups’ National, Ethnic and Religious Identity?” Ethnic and Racial Studies 37 (1): 46–70.
  • Putnam, R. D. 2007. “E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-First Century: The 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture.” Scandinavian Political Studies 30 (2): 137–174.
  • Rjosk, C., D. Richter, O. Lüdtke, and J. S. Eccles. 2017. “Ethnic Composition and Heterogeneity in the Classroom - Their Measurement and Relationship with Student Outcomes.” Journal of Educational Psychology 109 (8): 1188–1204.
  • Rumbaut, R. G. 2008. “Reaping What You Sew: Immigration, Youth, and Reactive Ethnicity.” Applied Developmental Science 22 (2): 1–4.
  • Schachner, M. K., J. He, B. Heizmann, and F. J. R. van de Vijver. 2017. “Acculturation and School Adjustment of Immigrant Youth in Six European Countries: Findings from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).” Frontiers in Psychology 8 (649): 1–11.
  • Schachner, M. K., L. Juang, U. Moffitt, and F. J. R. van de Vijver. 2018a. “Schools as Acculturative and Developmental Contexts for Youth of Immigrant and Refugee Background.” European Psychologist 23 (1): 44–56.
  • Schachner, M. K., P. Noack, F. R. J. van de Vijver, and K. Eckstein. 2016. “Cultural Diversity Climate and Psychological Adjustment at School Equality and Inclusion Versus Cultural Pluralism.” Child Development 87 (4): 1175–1191.
  • Schachner, M. K., F. J. R. van de Vijver, and P. Noack. 2018b. “Acculturation and School Adjustment of Early-Adolescent Immigrant Boys and Girls in Germany: Conditions in School.” Family, and Ethnic Group. Journal of Early Adolescence 38 (3): 352–384.
  • Schiefer, D., and J. van der Noll. 2017. “The Essentials of Social Cohesion: A Literature Review.” Social Indicators Research 132 (2): 579–603.
  • Schotte, K., P. Stanat, and A. Edele. 2018. “Is Integration Always Most Adaptive? The Role of Cultural Identity in Academic Achievement and in Psychological Adaptation of Immigrant Students in Germany.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 47 (5): 16–37.
  • Schulz, B., and L. Leszczensky. 2016. “Native Friends and Host Country Identification among Adolescent Immigrants in Germany: The Role of Ethnic Boundaries.” International Migration Review 50 (1): 163–196.
  • Suárez-Orozco, C., F. Motti-Stefanidi, A. Marks, and D. Katsiaficas. 2018. “An Integrative Risk and Resilience Model for Understanding the Adaptation of Immigrant-Origin Children and Youth.” American Psychologist 73 (6): 781–796.
  • Syed, M., L. P. Juang, and Y. Svensson. 2018. “Toward a New Understanding of Ethnic-Racial Settings for Ethnic-Racial Identity Development.” Journal of Research on Adolescence 28 (2): 262–276.
  • Thijs, J., A. C. Keim, and J. Geerlings. 2018. “Classroom Identification in Ethnic Minority and Majority Students: Effects of Relationships and Ethnic Composition.” British Journal of Educational Psychology 89 (4): 707–725.
  • Thoreau, C., and T. Liebig. 2012. Settling in: OECD Indicators of Immigrant Integration. Paris: OECD.
  • Umaña-Taylor, A. J. 2004. “Ethnic Identity and Self-Esteem: Examining the Role of Social Context.” Journal of Adolescence 27 (2): 139–146.
  • Van der Meer, T., and J. Tolsma. 2014. “Ethnic Diversity and Its Effects on Social Cohesion.” Annual Review of Sociology 40: 459–478.
  • Van Mol, C., and H. De Valk. 2016. “Migration and Immigrants in Europe: A Historical and Demographic Perspective.” In Integration Processes and Policies in Europe. IMISCOE Research Series, edited by B. Garcés-Mascareñas, and R. Penninx, 31–55. Cham: Springer Nature.
  • Veerman, G.-J. M. 2015. “The Relationship Between Ethnic Diversity and Classroom Disruption in the Context of Migration Policies.” Educational Studies 41 (1-2): 209–225.
  • Veerman, G.-J. M., and E. Denessen. 2021. “Social Cohesion in Schools: A non-Systematic Review of its Conceptualization and Instruments.” Cogent Education 8: 1.
  • Veerman, G.-J. M., and J. Dronkers. 2016. “Ethnic Composition and School Performance in the Secondary Education of Turkish Migrant Students in Seven Countries and 19 European Educational Systems.” International Migration Review 50 (3): 537–567.
  • Verkuyten, M. 2016. “The Integration Paradox: Empiric Evidence from the Netherlands.” American Behavioral Scientist 60 (5-6): 583–596.
  • Verkuyten, M., and B. Martinovic. 2015. “Dual Identity, In-Group Projection, and Out-Group Feelings Among Ethnic Minority Groups.” European Journal of Social Psychology 46 (1): 1–12.
  • Vertovec, S., and S. Wessendorf. 2009. The Multiculturalism Backlash European Discourses, Policies and Practices. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Ward, C., J. Gale, C. Staerklé, and J. Stuart. 2018. “Immigration and Multiculturalism in Context: A Framework for Psychological Research.” Journal of Social Issues 74 (4): 833–855.
  • Yagmur, K., and F. J. R. van de Vijver. 2012. “Acculturation and Language Orientations of Turkish Immigrants in Australia, France, Germany, and the Netherlands.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 43 (7): 1110–1130.