Racializing human rights: political orientation, racial beliefs, and media use as predictors of support for human rights violations – a case study of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

References

• Abu Lughod, L. 2002. “Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others.” American Anthropologist 104 (3): 783–790. doi:10.1525/aa.2002.104.3.783.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adorno, T. W. 2000. The Psychological Technique of Martin Luther Thomas’ Radio Addresses. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Adorno, T. W., E. Frenkel-Brunswik, D. J. Levinson, and R. N. Sanford. 1950. The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Harper.
   Google Scholar
• Aharoni, S. B. 2017. “Who Needs the Women and Peace Hypothesis? Rethinking Modes of Inquiry on Gender and Conflict in Israel/Palestine.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 19 (3): 311–326. doi:10.1080/14616742.2016.1237457
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araújo, B., and H. Prior. 2021. “Framing Political Populism: The Role of Media in Framing the Election of Jair Bolsonaro.” Journalism Practice 15 (2): 226–242. doi:10.1080/17512786.2019.1709881
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ariely, G. 2021. “Collective Memory and Attitudes toward Asylum Seekers: Evidence from Israel.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 47 (5): 1084–1102. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2019.1572499
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baden, C., and K. Stalpouskaya. 2020. “Maintenance of News Frames: How US, British and Russian News Made Sense of Unfolding Events in the Syrian Chemical Weapons Crisis.” Journalism Studies 21 (16): 2305–2325. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2020.1843066
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bar-Tal, Y. 1994. “The Effect on Mundane Decision-Making of the Need and Ability to Achieve Cognitive Structure.” European Journal of Personality 8 (1): 45–58. doi:10.1002/per.2410080105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bar-Tal, D. 2001. “Why Does Fear Override Hope in Societies Engulfed by Intractable Conflict, as it Does in the Israeli Society?” Political Psychology 22 (3): 601–627. doi:10.1111/0162-895X.00255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekerman, Z., A. Habib, and N. Shhadi. 2011. “Jewish-Palestinian Integrated Education in Israel and Its Potential Influence on National and/or Ethnic Identities and Intergroup Relations.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 37 (3): 389–405. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2011.526777
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloch, A., and L. Schuster. 2005. “At the Extremes of Exclusion: Deportation, Detention and Dispersal.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 28 (3): 491–512. doi:10.1080/0141987042000337858
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brocklehurst, H. 2006. Who’s Afraid of Children? Children, Conflict and International Relations. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brocklehurst, H. 2020. “Doing IR: Securing Children.” In Discovering Childhood in International Relations, 89–113. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Bruneau, E., N. Kteily, and L. Laustsen. 2018. “The Unique Effects of Blatant Dehumanization on Attitudes and Behavior towards Muslim Refugees During the European ‘Refugee Crisis’ Across Four Countries.” European Journal of Social Psychology 48 (5): 645–662. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chacko, P. 2018. “The Right Turn in India: Authoritarianism, Populism and Neoliberalisation.” Journal of Contemporary Asia 48 (4): 541–565. doi:10.1080/00472336.2018.1446546
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, H. T. 2018. “Spiral of Silence on Social Media and the Moderating Role of Disagreement and Publicness in the Network: Analyzing Expressive and Withdrawal Behaviors.” New Media & Society 20 (10): 3917–3936. doi:10.1177/1461444818763384
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulthard, G. 2007. “Subjects of Empire: Indigenous Peoples and the ‘Politics of Recognition’ in Canada.” Contemporary Political Theory 6 (4): 437–460. doi:10.1057/palgrave.cpt.9300307.
   Google Scholar
• Crawley, H. 2017. “Migration: Refugee Economics.” Nature 544 (7648): 26–27. doi:10.1038/544026a
   Google Scholar
• David, Y. 2022. “Gendering Political Conflict: The Racialized and Dehumanized Use of Gender on Facebook.” Feminist Media Studies 22 (7): 1583–1601. doi:10.1080/14680777.2021.1905020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David, Y. 2022. “Public Opinion, Media and Activism: The Differentiating Role of Media Use and Perceptions of Public Opinion on Political Behaviour.” Social Movement Studies 21 (3): 334–354. doi:10.1080/14742837.2021.1875321
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David, Y., N. Rosler, D. Ellis, and I. Maoz. 2016. “Gendering Human Rights: Threat and Gender Perceptions as Predictors of Attitudes Towards Violating Human Rights in Asymmetric Conflict.” Peace and Conflict Studies 23 (1): 1–26. doi:10.46743/1082-7307/2016.1301.
   Google Scholar
• David, Y., N. Rosler, and I. Maoz. 2018. “Gender-empathic Constructions, Empathy, and Support for Compromise in Intractable Conflict.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 62 (8): 1727–1752. doi:10.1177/0022002717701818
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Genova, N. 2018. “The “Migrant Crisis” as Racial Crisis: Do Black Lives Matter in Europe?” Ethnic and Racial Studies 41 (10): 1765–1782. doi:10.1080/01419870.2017.1361543.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhillon, J. K. 2015. “Indigenous Girls and the Violence of Settler Colonial Policing.” Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society 4 (2): 1–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhillon, J. K. 2017. Prairie Rising: Indigenous Youth, Decolonization, and the Politics of Intervention. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Essed, P., and D. T. Goldberg. 2001. Race Critical Theories: Text and Context. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Faragó, L., D. Ferenczy-Nyúl, A. Kende, P. Krekó, and Z. Gurály. 2022. “Criminalization as a Justification for Violence against the Homeless in Hungary.” The Journal of Social Psychology, 216–230. doi:10.1080/00224545.2021.1874257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feinstein, Y., and B. Bonikowski. 2021. “Nationalist Narratives and Anti-Immigrant Attitudes: Exceptionalism and Collective Victimhood in Contemporary Israel.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 47 (3): 741–761. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2019.1620596.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filc, D. 2009. The Political Right in Israel: Different Faces of Jewish Populism. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Goldman, S. K., and D. C. Mutz. 2014. The Obama Effect: How the 2008 Campaign Changed White Racial Attitudes. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Grewal, I. 2005. Transnational America: Feminisms, Diasporas, Neoliberalisms. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hafner-Burton, E. M. 2012. “International Regimes for Human Rights.” Annual Review of Political Science 15 (1): 265–286. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-031710-114414
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halperin, E., and D. Bar-Tal. 2011. “Socio-Psychological Barriers to Peace Making: An Empirical Examination within the Israeli Jewish Society.” Journal of Peace Research 48 (5): 637–651. doi:10.1177/0022343311412642
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, D. D. 1999. “The American Invention of Child Support: Dependency and Punishment in Early American Child Support Law.” The Yale Law Journal 108 (5): 1123–1153. doi:10.2307/797372.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. 2018. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach (2^nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Horkheimer, M., and T. W. Adorno. 1969. Dialectic of Englishmen: Philosophical Fragments. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Inglehart, R., and P. Norris. 2017. “Trump and the Populist Authoritarian Parties: The Silent Revolutionin Reverse.” Perspectives on Politics 15 (2): 443–454. doi:10.1017/S1537592717000111.
   Google Scholar
• Israeli Democratic Institute. 2020. Elections and Parties. Accessed March 5, 2020. https://en.idi.org.il/israeli-elections-and-parties.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, S. J. 2013. “Framing Megan Williams: Intersecting Discourses of Race.” Class, and Gender in Television News Coverage of Racialized Rape. Feminist Media Studies 13 (1): 46–63. doi:10.1080/14680777.2011.647970.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, S. J., and S. Banaszczyk. 2016. “Digital Standpoints.” Journal of Communication Inquiry 40 (4): 391–407. doi:10.1177/0196859916667731.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, R., and E. Pabon. 2000. “Race and Treating Other People’s Children as Adults.” Journal of Criminal Justice 28 (6): 507–515. doi:10.1016/S0047-2352(00)00066-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs, M. D. 2005. “Maternal Colonialism: White Women and Indigenous Child Removal in the American West and Australia, 1880–1940.” Western Historical Quarterly 36 (4): 453–476. doi:10.2307/25443236
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen, Y., R. Celikates, and J. De Bloois. 2015. The Irregularization of Migration in Contemporary Europe: Detention, Deportation, Drowning. London: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Jungar, A. C. 2018. “Repercussions of Right-Wing Populism for European Integration.” In Bridging the Prosperity Gap in the EU: The Social Challenge Ahead, edited by U. Bernitz, M. Mårtensson, T. Persson, and L. Oxelheim, 46–84. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Kovner, B., and N. Shalhoub-Kevorkian. 2016. “Children’s Rights.” State Criminality and Settler Colonialism: Violence and Child Arrest in Occupied East Jerusalem. State Crime Journal 5 (1): 109–138. doi:10.13169/statecrime.5.1.0109.
   Google Scholar
• Krekó, P., and Z. Enyedi. 2018. “Orbán's Laboratory of Illiberalism.” Journal of Democracy 29 (3): 39–51. doi:10.1353/jod.2018.0043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakoff, G. 1992. “Metaphor and War: The Metaphor System Used to Justify War in the Gulf.” In Thirty Years of Linguistic Evolution: Studies in Honour of Rene Dirven on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday, edited by M. Puetz, 463–482. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Landmann, M. 2011. The Frankfurt School: The Critical Theories of Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno. Piscataway: Transaction Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Levi, Y., and S. Agmon. 2021. “Beyond Culture and Economy: Israel’s Security-Driven Populism.” Contemporary Politics 27 (3): 292–315. doi:10.1080/13569775.2020.1864163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massad, J. 2005. “The Persistence of the Palestinian Question.” Cultural Critique 59 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1353/cul.2005.0009.
   Google Scholar
• Mignolo, W. 2012. Local Histories/Global Designs: Coloniality, Subaltern Knowledges, and Border Thinking. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Molina-Guzman, I. 2013. “Commodifying Black Latinidad in U.S.” Film and Television. Popular Communication 11 (3): 211–226. doi:10.1080/15405702.2013.810071
   Google Scholar
• Molina-Guzman, I. 2016. “#OscarsSoWhite: How Stuart Hall Explains why Nothing Changes in Hollywood and Everything is Changing.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 33 (5): 438–454. doi:10.1080/15295036.2016.1227864.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mueller, J. E. 1970. “Presidential Popularity from Truman to Johnson.” American Political Science Review 64 (1): 18–34. doi:10.2307/1955610
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nail, P. R., H. C. Harton, and B. P. Decker. 2003. “Political Orientation and Modern Versus Aversive Racism: Tests of Dovidio and Gaertner’s (1998) Integrated Model. (1998) Integrated Model.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 (4): 754. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann, F. 1957. Anxiety and Politics. Translated by P. Gay. In The Democratic and the Authoritarian State: Essays in Political and Legal Theory, ed. H. Marcuse, 270-300. Chicago, IL: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nunn, K. B. 2002. “The Child as Other: Race and Differential Treatment in the Juvenile Justice System.” DePaul Law Review 51 (3): 679–714. http://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/facultypub/108.
   Google Scholar
• Öniş, Z., and M. Kutlay. 2020. “The Global Political Economy of Right-Wing Populism: Deconstructing the Paradox.” The International Spectator 55 (2): 108–126. doi:10.1080/03932729.2020.1731168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panievsky, A. 2022. “The Strategic Bias: How Journalists Respond to Antimedia Populism.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 27 (4): 808–826. doi:10.1177/19401612211022656.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasitselska, O., and C. Baden. 2020. “Who Are ‘The People’?” Uses of Empty Signifiers in Propagandistic News Discourse. Journal of Language and Politics 19 (4): 666–690. doi:10.1075/jlp.19057.pas.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perera, S., and S. H. Razack. 2014. At the Limits of Justice: Women of Colour on Terror. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pickett, J. T., and T. Chircos. 2012. “Controlling Other People’s Children: Radicalized Views of Delinquency and Whites’ Punitive Attitudes Toward Juvenile Offenders.” Criminology; An interdisciplinary Journal 50 (3): 673–710. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2012.00280.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinson, H. 2022. “Neo Zionist Right-Wing Populist Discourse and Activism in the Israel Education System.” Globalisation, Societies and Education, 1–14. doi:10.1080/14767724.2021.1872372.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puar, J. 2017. The Right to Maim: Debility, Capacity, Disability. Durham: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Raijman, R. 2010. “Citizenship Status, Ethno-National Origin and Entitlement to Rights: Majority Attitudes Towards Minorities and Immigrants in Israel.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36 (1): 87–106. doi:10.1080/13691830903123245
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razack, S. 2011. “The Space of Difference in Law: Inquests Into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody.” Somatechnics 1 (1): 87–123. doi:10.3366/soma.2011.0008.
   Google Scholar
• Razack, S. 2015. Dying from Improvement: Inquests and Inquiries Into Indigenous Deaths in Custody. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rensmann, L. 2018. “The Persistence of the Authoritarian Appeal: On Critical Theory as a Framework for Studying Populist Actors in European Democracies.” In Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism, edited by J. Morelock, 29–48. London: University of Westminster Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rios, V. M. 2006. “The Hyper-Criminalization of Black and Latino Male Youth in the Era of Mass Incarceration.” Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society 8 (2): 40–54. doi:10.1057/9780230607347_2.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, P. 2011. “The CNN Effect Reconsidered: Mapping a Research Agenda for the Future.” Media, War & Conflict 4 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1177/1750635210397434.
   Google Scholar
• Rogenhofer, J. M., and A. Panievsky. 2020. “Antidemocratic Populism in Power: Comparing Erdoğan’s Turkey with Modi’s India and Netanyahu’s Israel.” Democratization 27 (8): 1394–1412. doi:10.1080/13510347.2020.1795135
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Said, E. 1978. Orientalism. New York: Vintage.
   Google Scholar
• Schemer, C., and C. E. Meltzer. 2020. “The Impact of Negative Parasocial and Vicarious Contact with Refugees in the Media on Attitudes Toward Refugees.” Mass Communication and Society 23 (2): 230–248. doi:10.1080/15205436.2019.1692037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shalhoub-Kevorkian, N. 2009. Militarization and Violence against Women in Conflict Zones in the Middle East: A Palestinian Case-Study. New York: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511626852.
   Google Scholar
• Shalhoub-Kevorkian, N. 2015. Security Theology, Surveillance and the Politics of Fear. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shalhoub-Kevorkian, N. 2016. “Stolen Childhood: Palestinian Children and the Structure of Genocidal Dispossession.” Settler Colonial Studies 6 (2): 142–152. doi:10.1080/2201473X.2015.1024380
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shalhoub-Kevorkian, N. 2019. Incarcerated Childhood and the Politics of Unchilding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shalhoub-Kevorkian, N. 2020. “Gun to Body: Mental Health Against Unchilding.” International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies 17 (2): 126–145. doi:10.1002/aps.1652.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shalhoub-Kevorkian, N., and S. Odeh. 2018. “Arrested Childhood in Spaces of Indifference: The Criminalized Children of Occupied East Jerusalem.” Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 30 (3): 398–422. doi:10.3138/cjwl.30.3.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamir, J., and M. Shamir. 2000. The Anatomy of Public Opinion. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shamir, J., and K. Shikaki. 2002. “Determinants of Reconciliation and Compromise among Israelis and Palestinians.” Journal of Peace Research 39 (2): 185–202. doi:10.1177/0022343302039002003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamir, J., and K. Shikaki. 2010. Palestinian and Israeli Public Opinion: The Public Imperative in the Second Intifada. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Singer, S. I. 1996. “Merging and Emerging Systems of Juvenile and Criminal Justice.” Law & Policy 18 (1-2): 1–15. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1996.tb00162.x
   Google Scholar
• Soroka, S., P. Loewen, P. Fournier, and D. Rubenson. 2016. “The Impact of News Photos on Support for Military Action.” Political Communication 33 (4): 563–582. doi:10.1080/10584609.2015.1133745
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unnever, J. D., M. L. Benson, and F. T. Cullen. 2008. “Public Support for Getting Tough on Corporate Crime.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 45 (2): 163–190. doi:10.1177/0022427807313707.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viterbo, H. 2012. “The Age of Conflict: Rethinking Childhood, Law, and Age through the Israeli-Palestinian Case.” In Law and Childhood Studies: Current Legal Issues, edited by M. Freeman, 133–155. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Waisbord, S. 2020. “Mob Censorship: Online Harassment of US Journalists in Times of Digital Hate and Populism.” Digital Journalism 8 (8): 1030–1046. doi:10.1080/21670811.2020.1818111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, G. 2015. “The Slow Violence of State Organized Race Crime.” Theoretical Criminology 19 (3): 299–314. doi:10.1177/1362480614550119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wike, R., B. Stokes, and K. Simmons. 2016. Europeans Fear Wave of Refugees Will Mean More Terrorism, Fewer Jobs. Pew Research Center. Accessed March 5, 2020. www.pewresearch.org/global/2016/07/11/europeans-fear-wave-of-refugees-will-mean-more-terrorism-fewer-jobs.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkes, R. 2016. “Political Conflict Photographs and Their Keyword Texts.” Journalism Studies 17 (6): 703–729. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2015.1006908
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winant, H. 1994. Racial Conditions: Politics, Theory, Comparisons. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wirz, D. S., M. Wettstein, A. Schulz, P. Müller, C. Schemer, N. Ernst, F. Esser, and W. Wirth. 2018. “The Effects of Right-Wing Populist Communication on Emotions and Cognitions toward Immigrants.” The International Journal of Press/Politics 23 (4): 496–516. doi:10.1177/1940161218788956
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wodak, R. 2015. The Politics of Fear: What Right-Wing Populist Discourses Mean. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar