Constructing difference and sameness: the politics of assimilation in London's Arab communities

REFERENCES

• ANTHIAS, FLOYA AND YUVAL-DAVIS, NIRA 1992 Radalised Boundaries: Race, Nation, Gender, Colour, and Class and the Anti-Racist Struggle, London; New York: Routledge
   Google Scholar
• AHMED, LEILA 1991 Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modem Debate, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
   Google Scholar
• ALBA, RICHARD 1995 'Assimilation's quiet tide', The Public Interest, vol. 119, pp. 3-18
   Google Scholar
• ALBA, RICHARD AND NEE, VICTOR 1997 'Rethinking assimilation theory for a new era of immigration', International Migration Review, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 826-73
   Google Scholar
• ALLEN, JAMES AND TURNER, EUGENE 1996 'Spatial patterns of immigrant assimilation', Professional Geographer, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 140-53
   Google Scholar
• AL-RASHEED, MADAWI 1996 'The Other-Others: hidden Arabs?' in Ceri Peach (ed.), Ethnicity in Ae 1991 Census, London: HMSO
   Google Scholar
• ANTONIUS, GEORGE 1965 The Arab Awakening: The Story of the Arab National Movement, New York: Capricorn Books [1st edn, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1938]
   Google Scholar
• BACK, LES 1996 New Ethnicities and Urban Culture: Racism and Multi-culture in Young Lives, London: UCL Press
   Google Scholar
• BERRY, BRIAN AND KASARDA, JOHN 1997 Contemporary Urban Ecology, New York: Macmillan; London: Collier Macmillan
   Google Scholar
• BLACKSTONE, TESSA., PAREKH, BHIKHU, AND SANDERS, PETER (eds) 1998 Race Relations in Britain: A Developing Agenda, New York; London: Routledge
   Google Scholar
• BONNETT, ALISDAIR 2000 White Identities: Historical and International Perspectives, Harlow: Prentice Hall
   Google Scholar
• CAVAILOLI, .FJ. 1992 'Group politics, ethnicity, and Italian-Americans', in M. D'lnnocenzo and J. Sirefman (eds), Immigration and Ethnicity: American Society - 'Melting Pot' or 'Salad Bowl'? Westport, CT: Greenwood Press
   Google Scholar
• CASTLES, STEPHEN AND MILLER, MARK 1999 The Age of Migration, 2nd edn, New York: Guilford Press
   Google Scholar
• CENTRE FOR CONTEMPORARY CULTURAL STUDIES 1992 The Empire Strikes Back: Race and Racism in 1970s Britain, London; New York: Routledge [1st edn, Birmingham: Hutchinson, in association with the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, University of Birmingham, 1982]
   Google Scholar
• CLARK, W.A.V. AND MORRISON, P. 1995 'Demographic foundations of political empowerment in multi-minority cities', Demography, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 183-201
   Google Scholar
• COTTLE, SIMON 1990 'Reporting the Rushdie Affair: a case study in the orchestration of public opinion', Race and Class, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 45-66
   Google Scholar
• DONALD, JAMES and RATTANSI, ALI (eds) 1992 'Race,' Culture, and Difference, London: Sage/Open University Press
   Google Scholar
• DWYER, CLAIRE 1999 'Veiled meanings: young British Muslim women and the negotiation of differences', Gender, Place and Culture, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 5-26
   Google Scholar
• EL-SOLH, C. 1992 'Arab communities in Britain: cleavages and commonalities', Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 236-58
   Google Scholar
• ENGLAND, KIM 1994 'Getting personal: reflerivity, positional!ty, and feminist research', Professional Geographer, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 80-89
   Google Scholar
• CANS, HERBERT 1979 'Symbolic ethnicity: the future of ethnic groups in America', Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-20
   Google Scholar
• -----1992 'Second-generation decline: scenarios for the economic and ethnic futures of the post-1965 American immigrants', Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 173-92
   Google Scholar
• ----- 1997 'Toward a reconciliation of "assimilation" and "pluralism": the interplay of acculturation and ethnic retention, International Migration Review, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 875-92
   Google Scholar
• GEIGER, SUSAN 1990 'What's so feminist about feminist research', Journal of Women's History, vol. 2, no.l
   Google Scholar
• GILBERT, MELISSA 1994 "The politics of location: doing feminist research at "home",' Professional Geographer, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 90-96
   Google Scholar
• GILROY, PAUL 1987 There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack, London: Routledge
   Google Scholar
• GLASMAN , JUDY 1991 'Assimilation by Design: London Synagogues in the Nineteenth Century', Immigrants and Minorities, vol. 10, nos 1/2, pp. 171-98
   Google Scholar
• GLAZER, NATHAN 1993 'Is assimilation dead?' Annals of me American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, vol. 530, pp. 122-136
   Google Scholar
• GLAZER, NATHAN and MOYNIHAN, DANIEL PATRICK 1970 Beyond me Melting Pot The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City, Cambridge MA: MIT Press
   Google Scholar
• GORDON, MILTON 1964 Assimilation in American Life, New York: Oxford University Press
   Google Scholar
• HALL, STUART 1986 'Gramsci's relevance for the study of race and ethnicity', Journal of Communication Inquiry, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 5-27
   Google Scholar
• ----- 1990 'Cultural identity and diaspora', in J. Rutherford (ed.), Identity: Community, Culture, Difference, London: Lawrence and Wishart, pp. 222-37
   Google Scholar
• ----- 1992 'New ethnicities', in James Donald and AIi Rattansi (eds), 'Race,' Culture, and Difference, London: Sage/Open University Press, pp. 252-59
   Google Scholar
• HALLIDAY, F. 1992 Arabs in Exile: Yemeni Migrants in Urban Britain, London: IB Tauris
   Google Scholar
• HOME OFFICE 1993 Immigration, Nationality, and Passports Department, 'Annual report on the work of the department', London: Home Office Publications
   Google Scholar
• ----- 1999 'Asylum statistics' and 'Grants of citizenship' www.homeofflce.gov.uk
   Google Scholar
• HOURANI, ALBERT 1991 History of the Arab Peoples, Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
   Google Scholar
• HUMPHREY, M. 1993 'Migrants, workers, and refugees: the political economy of population movements in the Middle East', Middle East Report, March-April, pp. 2-7
   Google Scholar
• JACKSON, PETER 1992 Maps of Meaning, London: Routledge
   Google Scholar
• JACOBSON, MICHAEL FRYE 1998 Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race, Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press
   Google Scholar
• KARAFILIS, MARIA 1999 'Reconfiguring the Sites of Democracy: Heterotopic Spaces and Democratic Citizenship in the U.S. Novel, 1825-1915', unpublished PhD thesis, Department of English, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
   Google Scholar
• KIM, CLAIRE JEAN 1999 "The racial triangulation of Asian Americans', Politics and Society, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 105-38
   Google Scholar
• KIVISTO, PETER 1990 "The transplanted then and now: the re-orientation of immigration studies from the Chicago School to the New Social Theory', Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 455-81
   Google Scholar
• LABAKI, BOUTROS 1992 'Lebanese migration during the war: 1975-1989', in N. Shehadi and A. Hourani (eds), Lebanese Migration in the World: A Century of Migration, London: IB Tauris, pp. 605-26
   Google Scholar
• LAWRENCE, ERROL 1982 'Just plain common sense: the "roots" of racism', in Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (ed.), There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack, London: Routledge, pp. 47-94
   Google Scholar
• LAYTON-HENRY, ZIG1992 The Politics of Immigration: Immigration, 'Race,'and 'Race' Relations in Post-War Britain, Oxford, UK; Cambridge, MA: Blackwell
   Google Scholar
• LIEBERSON, STANLEY 1963 Ethnic Patterns in American Cities, New York: Free Press of Glencoe
   Google Scholar
• ----- 1973 'Generational differences among blacks in the North', American Journal of Sociology, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 550-65
   Google Scholar
• ----- (1985) 'Unhyphenated whites in the United States', Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 159-80
   Google Scholar
• LIEBERSON, STANLEY and WATERS, MARY 1988 From Many Strands: Ethnic and Racial Groups in Contemporary America, New York: Russell Sage Foundation
   Google Scholar
• MAC AN GHAILL, MAIRTIN 1999 Contemporary Racisms and Ethnicities: Social and Cultural Transformations, Buckingham, UK; Philadelphia: Open University Press
   Google Scholar
• MACLEOD, ARLENE ELOWE1991 Accommodating Protest Working Women, the New Vetting, and Change in Cairo, New York; Chichester: Columbia University Press
   Google Scholar
• MASSEY, D. and MULLAN, B. 1984 'Processes of Hispanic and black spatial assimilation', American Journal of Sociology, vol. 89, pp. 836-73
   Google Scholar
• MILES, ROBERT 1993 Racism After 'Race Relations', New York: Routledge
   Google Scholar
• MIRZA, HEIDI (ed.) 1997 Black British Feminism: A Reader, London: Routledge
   Google Scholar
• MODOOD, TARIQ AND WERBNER, PNINA (eds) 1997 The Politics of Multiculturalism in the New Europe: Racism, Identity and Community, London: Zed
   Google Scholar
• NIELSEN, JoRGEN 1995 Muslims in Western Europe, 2nd edn, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
   Google Scholar
• OFHCE OFPOPULATION CENSUSES AND SURVEYS 1991 Census Report
   Google Scholar
• OMI, MICHAEL and WINANT, HOWARD 1986 Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1980s, New York; London: Routledge and Kegan Paul
   Google Scholar
• PARK, R. AND BURGESS, E. 1969 Introduction to the Science of Sociology, Chicago: University of Chicago Press [1st edn 1921]
   Google Scholar
• PEACH, CERI 1996 'Does Britain have ghettoes?' Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 216-35
   Google Scholar
• PEACH, CERI and ROSSITER, DAVID 1996 'Level and nature of spatial concentration and segregation of minority ethnic populations in Great Britain, 1991', in Ceri Peach (ed.), Ethnicity in the 1991 Census, London: HMSO, pp. 111-34
   Google Scholar
• PORTES, ALEJANDRO (ed.) 1996 The New Second Generation, New York: Russell Sage Foundation
   Google Scholar
• PORTES, ALEJANDRO AND ZHOU, MIN 1993 'The new second generation: segmented assimilation and its variants', Annals ofthe American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, vol. 530, pp. 74-96
   Google Scholar
• REX, JOHN and DRURY, BEATRICE (eds) 1994 Ethnic Mobilisation in Multi-cultural Europe, Aldershot: Avebury
   Google Scholar
• ROEDIGER, DAVID 1991 The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class, London; New York: Verso
   Google Scholar
• SAID, EDWARD 1978 Orientalism, New York: Pantheon
   Google Scholar
• SMITH, SUSAN 1989 The Politics of 'Race' and Residence, Cambridge, UK: Polity Press
   Google Scholar
• SOLOMOS, JOHN and BACK, LES 1995 Race, Politics, and Social Change, London: Routledge
   Google Scholar
• STATHAM, PAUL 1999 'Political mobilization by minorities in Britain: negative feedback of race relations?', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 597-626
   Google Scholar
• STORKEY, M., MAGUIRE, J., and LEWIS, R. 1997 Cosmopolitan London: Past, Present, and Future, London: London Research Centre
   Google Scholar
• SULLIVAN, ANDREW 1999 'Farewell Britannia', New York Times Magazine, 21 February
   Google Scholar
• WALDINGER, R. and PERLMANN, J. 1998 'Second generations: past, present, future', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 5-24
   Google Scholar
• WATERS, MARY 1996 'Ethnic and racial identities of second-generation black immigrants in New York City', in Alejandro Portes (ed.), The New Second Generation, New York: Russell Sage Foundation, pp. 171-96
   Google Scholar
• WERBNER, PNINA and ANWAR, MUHAMMAD (eds) 1991 Black and Ethnic Leaderships in Britain: The Cultural Dimensions of Political Action, London: Routledge
   Google Scholar
• WESTERN, J. 1992 A Passage to England: Barbadian Londoners Speak of Home, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
   Google Scholar
• YANCEY, W, ERICKSEN, E. and LEON, G. 1985 'The structure of pluralism: We're all Italian around here, aren't we, Mrs. O'Brien?' Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 8, no.1, pp. 94-116
   Google Scholar
• YIN, ROBERT 1994 Case Study Research: Design and Methods (2nd edn), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
   Google Scholar
• ZHOU, M (1997). 'Segmented Assimilation: Issues, Controversies, and Recent Research on the New Second Generation,' International Migration Review, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 975-1008
   Google Scholar
• ZHOU, MIN and BANKSTON, CARL L. Ill 1996 'Social capital and the adaptation of the second generation: the case of Vietnamese youth in New Orleans', in Alejandro Fortes (ed.) The New Second Generation, New York: Russell Sage Foundation, pp. 197-220
   Google Scholar
• ZOLBERG, A. and WOON, L. L. 1999 'Why Islam is like Spanish: cultural incorporation in Europe and the United States,' Politics and Society, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 5-38
   Google Scholar