133
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Integrating traditional apprenticeship and modern educational approaches in traditional Chinese medicine education

, , &

References

  • Ahmed B, Ali A. 2020. Usage of traditional Chinese medicine, western medicine and integrated Chinese-western medicine for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Official J Zhende Res Group. 1(1):1–9.
  • Allen D, Wainwright M, Mount B, Hutchinson T. 2008. The wounding path to becoming healers: medical students’ apprenticeship experiences. Med Teach. 30(3):260–264. doi: 10.1080/01421590701758665.
  • Araya D, Peters MA. 2023. Chinese globalization: BRI and the future of higher education. Beijing Int Rev Educ. 4(4):654–672. doi: 10.1163/25902539-04040009.
  • Batong L, Yingying W, Nianhua Y, Jianlan Y. 2022. Exploring the effect of traditional Chinese medicine diet therapy in regulating phlegm-dampness constitution type hypertension based on the theory of. Int Med Health Guidance News. 28(10):1426.
  • Brattland H, Holgersen KH, Vogel PA, Anderson T, Ryum T. 2022. An apprenticeship model in the training of psychotherapy students. Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial and qualitative investigation. PLOS One. 17(8):e0272164. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272164.
  • Brazil E, Macnamara AF, O'connor N, Bodiwala GG. 2002. Accident and emergency medicine–still a useful ‘apprenticeship’? Eur J Emerg Med. 9(3):244–247. doi: 10.1097/00063110-200209000-00007.
  • Britza SM, Byard RW, Musgrave IF. 2022. Traditional Chinese medicine-associated nephrotoxicity and the importance of herbal interactions–an overview. Pharmacol Res -Mod Chin Med. 3:100099. doi: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2022.100099.
  • Cadmus E, Roberts ML, Olson E. 2021. Creating a statewide nurse residency: using an apprenticeship model. J Nurs Adm. 51(11):568–572. doi: 10.1097/NNA.0000000000001065.
  • Cameron M, Rexe D. 2022. Community-based access to apprenticeship: an indigenous work-integrated learning model. Int J Work-Integr Learn. 23(2):203–218.
  • Chang H-H, Chen P-H. n.d. The idea of ‘Man’ in traditional Chinese medicine.
  • Chang YC, Leung TK. 2020. Establishment of a basic medical science system for traditional Chinese medicine education: a suggestion based on the experience of BIOCERAMIC technology. J Tradit Complement Med. 10(2):95–103. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.04.003.
  • Chang J. 1999. Scientific evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine under DSHEA: a conundrum. Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act. J Altern Complement Med. 5(2):181–189. doi: 10.1089/acm.1999.5.181.
  • Chen D, Ren P, Liu P, Huang J. 2022. Research on ideological and political education under the background of modern apprenticeship. Int J Soc Sci Educ Res. 5(5):330–337.
  • Chen J, Zhang Y. 2022. The new carrier and new path of traditional Chinese medicine cultural inheritance in Lingnan. MEDS Chin Med. 4(5):34–38.
  • Chen S-Y, Qu K, Liu X-J, Chen Z. 2022. Historical medical exchanges following the confluence of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine: coexistence and mutual development. Chin Med Cult. 5(3):182–189. doi: 10.1097/MC9.0000000000000024.
  • Chen X, Zhu Y, Liu L, Liu P. 2018. The influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine apprenticeship teaching mode on doctor’s humanistic ethics thought. Chin Med Ethics. 6:391–394.
  • Chen Y, Wang S, Shang Q, Zhu S, Ren J. 2022. Research on the new mentorship model for TCM education based on “Internet”. Chin Modern Distance Educ Chin Med. 20(12):174–176.
  • Chen J, Li Y, Tang Y, Zeng F, Wu X, Liang F. 2013. Case-based learning in education of traditional Chinese medicine: a systematic review. J Tradit Chin Med. 33(5):692–697. doi: 10.1016/s0254-6272(14)60044-3.
  • Chen J, Loyeung B, Zaslawski C, Liang FR, Li WH. 2016. Comparison of traditional Chinese medicine education between mainland China and Australia-a case study. J Integr Med. 14(4):291–296. doi: 10.1016/S2095-4964(16)60259-5.
  • Chen Y, Zhao Y. 2017. Current status of TCM education in comprehensive universities in Australia. World Sci Technol. 19:171–177.
  • Chou PC, Lin JG. 2009. Current situation of the university education and examination system of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Taiwan. Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi. 39:270–272.
  • Chow EPY. 2022. Traditional Chinese medicine: a holistic system. In: Yew Chow EP, editor. Alternative Medicines. London: Routledge; p. 114–137.
  • Chu X, Sun B, Huang Q, Peng S, Zhou Y, Zhang Y. 2020. Quantitative knowledge presentation models of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): a review. Artif Intell Med. 103:101810. doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2020.101810.
  • Dai N, He Q, Liu X, Fang M, Xiong M, Li X, Li D, Liu J. 2022. Therapeutic massage/Tuina for treatment of functional dyspepsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Qual Life Res. 32:653–667.
  • Dong X, Jia X, He Y, Jin Y. 2023. discussing key points in the management of Traditional Chinese Medicine gynecology from the perspective of clinical drug use and traditional Chinese medicine education. J Tradit Chin Med Manag. 31:234–236.
  • Du HB. 2015. Traditional Chinese medicine education in Canada. Chin J Integr Med. 21(3):173–175. doi: 10.1007/s11655-014-1963-7.
  • Eigenschink M, Dearing L, Dablander TE, Maier J, Sitte HH. 2020. A critical examination of the main premises of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 132(9-10):260–273. doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01625-w.
  • Li JH, Wang YH, Li ZY, Yu Q, Tian Y, Wang WB, Wang YM, Huang Y. 2021. Exploration of intelligent development of medical heritage. Adv Sci Technol. 105:272–281.
  • Fan R. 2003. Modern western science as a standard for traditional Chinese medicine: a critical appraisal. J Law Med Ethics. 31(2):213–221. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-720x.2003.tb00082.x.
  • Fu R, Li J, Yu H, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Martin C. 2021. The Yin and Yang of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Med Res Rev. 41(6):3182–3200. doi: 10.1002/med.21793.
  • Ghayur MN. 2009. Traditional Chinese medicine research and education in Canada. J Altern Complement Med. 15(6):689–694. doi: 10.1089/acm.2008.0552.
  • Gibert-Tisseuil F. 1998. Reflections on traditional Chinese medicine and its pharmacopoeia. Ann Pharm Fr. 56(6):282–285.
  • Gu J. 2020. Research on the educational thoughts of Menghe medical school in traditional Chinese medicine. Chengdu (China): Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
  • Han S. 2019. The contradiction and reformation thoughts between traditional Chinese medicine education and real-world needs. Wisdom Health. 5(29):27–28.
  • Hari R, Caprez R, Dolmans D, Huwendiek S, Robbiani S, Stalmeijer RE. 2022. Describing ultrasound skills teaching by near-peer and faculty tutors using cognitive apprenticeship. Teach Learn Med. doi: 10.1080/10401334.2022.2140430.
  • Hu B, Ma Q, Cui J, Lu Y, Yang FLY. 2021. Significance and strategy exploration of introducing career planning throughout TCM education and teaching process. Modern Distance Educ Chin Med. 19:161–164.
  • Hua M, Fan J, Dong H, Sherer R. 2017. Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine into Chinese medical education reform: issues and challenges. Int J Med Educ. 8:126–127. doi: 10.5116/ijme.58e3.c489.
  • Huang M, Shen J, He Q. 2019. Comparative study of Chinese-Thai TCM education systems. Bull TCM. 18:27–28.
  • Huang PY, Lin WC, Chiu BY, Chang HH, Lin KP. 2013. Regression analysis of radial artery pulse palpation as a potential tool for traditional Chinese medicine training education. Complement Ther Med. 21(6):649–659. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.08.011.
  • Jang D-Y, Oh K-C, Jung E-S, Cho S-J, Lee J-Y, Lee Y-J, Kim C-E, Yang I-J. 2021. Diversity of acupuncture point selections according to the acupuncture styles and their relations to theoretical elements in traditional Asian medicine: a data-mining-based literature study. J Clin Med. 10(10):2059. doi: 10.3390/jcm10102059.
  • Japaries W, Agussalim WS, Hardi YF, Thio M. 2021. The pragmatic association of Southeast Asian nations approach of traditional Chinese medicine education in indonesia: a case review. Med Acupunct. 33(6):382–385. doi: 10.1089/acu.2021.0031.
  • Järvelä S. 1995. The cognitive apprenticeship model in a technologically rich learning environment: interpreting the learning interaction. Learn Instruct. 5(3):237–259. doi: 10.1016/0959-4752(95)00007-P.
  • Jiang J, Peng W, Gu T, King C, Yin JK. 2016. Critical review of data evaluation in teaching clinics of Traditional Chinese Medicine outside China: implications for education. Explore. 12(3):188–195. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2016.02.006.
  • Jiao Y, Ling T. 2018. Brief history of modern TCM education in Zhejiang. J Zhejiang Univ Tradit Chin Med. 42(9):752–755.
  • Jie Y, Zuoyong L, Qing L, Qian C, Wenjie Z, Chuan L. 2023. Study on the relationship between teacher-student communication and the knowledge, attitude and practice of Chinese medicine of foreign students. Chin J Med Educ. 43(1):42.
  • Jin C. 2022. Preliminary exploration of new treatment mode of Traditional Chinese Medicine and western medicine supplement for tumor patients. IJCEMR. 6:257–263.
  • Jing Y, Wang C, Liu T. 2021. Exploration of a new TCM education model based on artificial intelligence. Health Vocational Educ. 39(6):19–20.
  • Karami M, Tang J. 2019. Entrepreneurial orientation and SME international performance: the mediating role of networking capability and experiential learning. Int Small Bus J. 37(2):105–124. doi: 10.1177/0266242618807275.
  • Ke SX. 2023. The principles of health, illness and treatment-The key concepts from “The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine”. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 14(1):100637. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100637.
  • Lachman N, Christensen KN, Pawlina W. 2013. Anatomy teaching assistants: facilitating teaching skills for medical students through apprenticeship and mentoring. Med Teach. 35(1):e919–e925. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2012.714880.
  • Lajoie SP. 2009. Developing professional expertise with a cognitive apprenticeship model: examples from avionics and medicine. In: Anders Ericsson K, editor. Development of professional expertise: toward measurement of expert performance and design of optimal learning environments. New York: Cambridge University Press; p. 61–83.
  • Lan K-C, Lee C-Y, Chang S-C, Wu X-Y, Litscher G, Wang C-Y. 2022. An initial study on multi-point laser acupuncture based on 2-D galvo mirror. Med Acupunct. 34(4):224–227. doi: 10.1089/acu.2022.0040.
  • Lee DY, Li QY, Liu J, Efferth T. 2021. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine at the forefront battle against COVID-19: clinical experience and scientific basis. Phytomedicine. 80:153337. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153337.
  • Lee HJ, Chae H, Lim YK, Kwon YK. 2016. Attitudes of Korean and Chinese traditional medical doctors on education of East Asian traditional medicine. Integr Med Res. 5(1):63–68. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2015.11.001.
  • Li A, Wu X, Wen C. 2020. Research on the integration and value of Chinese medicine culture and Chinese traditional culture. Int J Soc Sci Educ Res. 3(12):384–387.
  • Li Y. 2022. Preliminary discussion on TCM education—Institutional education as the foundation, mentorship education as the enhancement. J TCM Manag. 30(15):42–44.
  • Li J. 2021. Apprentices in traditional Chinese medicine: the process of becoming a national policy. Zhonghua yi Shi za Zhi. 51:289–293.
  • Li J, Graham D. 2020. The importance of regulating the education and training of Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners and a potential role for ISO/TC 249. Pharmacol Res. 161:105217. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105217.
  • Li L, Jiang F. 2018. Research on the implementation strategy of international standards for traditional Chinese medicine education. J Tianjin Univ Tradit Chin Med. 37:339–341.
  • Liang H, Tan C, Liang S. 2017. Sun Simiao’s medical exploration journey and its inspiration for current TCM education model. J Tradit Chin Med. 28:480–482.
  • Liao H, Xu C, Jieying Y. 2022. Exploration of the Characteristics of TCM Education in Western Medical Schools. Chin Med Modern Distance Educ China. 20:27–29.
  • Lin Z. 2019. Ganoderma (Lingzhi) in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese culture. In: Yang B, Lin Z, editirs. Ganoderma and health: biology, chemistry and industry. Singpore: Springer; p. 1–13.
  • Liu C-y, Zhao Y-n, Wang X-q, Qin S, Wan Q-y, Zheng S-y, Wu W-z 2022. Acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine e-aid cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (TCM-eCBT-I) for chronic insomnia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 23(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06012-6.
  • Lo L-c, Chen Y-F, Chen W-J, Cheng T-L, Chiang JY. 2012. The study on the agreement between automatic tongue diagnosis system and Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners. Evid-Based Complement Altern Med. 2012:1–9. doi: 10.1155/2012/505063.
  • Long W. 2020. Comparative analysis of Chinese medicine education in "two shores and four regions of China”. New West. 11:143–144.
  • Ma Y, Zhou K, Fan J, Sun S. 2016. Traditional Chinese medicine: potential approaches from modern dynamical complexity theories. Front Med. 10(1):28–32. doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0434-2.
  • Marques B, Freeman C, Carter L. 2022. Adapting traditional healing values and beliefs into therapeutic cultural environments for health and well-being. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 19(1):426. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010426.
  • Mei Y, Wang L, Liu H, Zhao W, Hao Z. 2020. Discussion on the practical path of integration of Chinese and Western medicine from the current status of TCM education – interview with academician Shi Xuemin. J Tianjin Univ Traditi Chin Med. 39:361–364.
  • Merritt C, Daniel M, Munzer BW, Nocera M, Ross JC, Santen SA. 2018. A cognitive apprenticeship-based faculty development intervention for emergency medicine educators. West J Emerg Med. 19(1):198–204. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2017.11.36429.
  • Palatchie B, Beban A, Andersen B. 2022. The myth of medical multiculturalism: how social closure marginalises traditional Chinese medicine in New Zealand. Health Sociol Rev. 31(3):262–277. doi: 10.1080/14461242.2021.1987955.
  • Pan SQ, Chan LK, Yan Y, Yang X. 2020. Survey of gross anatomy education in China: the past and the present. Anat Sci Educ. 13(3):390–400. doi: 10.1002/ase.1952.
  • Pasalar M. 2021. Persian medicine as a holistic therapeutic approach. Curr Drug Discov Technol. 18(2):159–159. doi: 10.2174/157016381802210127102842.
  • Peng J. 2017. Study on the inheritance characteristics of Lingnan Luo’s gynecological school from the perspective of clinical medication and TCM education. Guangzhou (China): Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
  • Peng L, Deng Q. 2019. Research on the enlightenment of ancient TCM education on TCM education in Fuzhou Colleges. Sci Technol Horizon. 14:205–206.
  • Quew-Jones RJ, Rowe L. 2022. Enhancing the degree apprenticeship curriculum through work-based manager and mentor intervention. JWAM. 14(2):242–256. doi: 10.1108/JWAM-03-2022-0015.
  • Rácz G, Olasz Á, Rozsnyik Z, Ferenczi G. 2012. A modern approach to traditional Chinese medicine. IFAC Proc Vol. 45(18):196–200. doi: 10.3182/20120829-3-HU-2029.00049.
  • Rämö J, Lahdenperä J, Häsä J. 2021. The extreme apprenticeship method. PRIMUS. 31(10):1106–1120. doi: 10.1080/10511970.2020.1818332.
  • Rassie K. 2017. The apprenticeship model of clinical medical education: time for structural change. N Z Med J. 130(1461):66–72.
  • Shen A, Wu Z, Hua J. 2023. A comparative study on traditional and modern apprenticeship education of Traditional Chinese Medicine. JSS. 11(01):440–449. doi: 10.4236/jss.2023.111030.
  • Su X, Yang Q, Li Y. 2023. Challenges and Reform Strategies for Chinese Medicine Education in the New Era. J Health Vocational Educ. 41(6):12–14.
  • Sun C, Chen H, Liao R. 2021. Research on incentive mechanism and strategy choice for passing on intangible cultural heritage from masters to apprentices. Sustainability. 13(9):5245. doi: 10.3390/su13095245.
  • Sun X, Ma C. 2020. Thoughts on the reform of traditional Chinese medicine education in new times and circumstances. Chin Med Educ. 39(6):35–41.
  • Tang T, Hu D, Zhang Z, Zhu R. 2020. The reference significance of ancient master-apprentice education thought to modern TCM education. Res Integr Chin Western Med. 12(2):136–138.
  • Tang Y, Wei X, Huang Y, Huang J, Jin W, Lu Y, Ge T, Tang Y. 2022. Intervention effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine hot pressing combined with health education on the adolescent’s visual fatigue. J Healthc Eng. 2022:2450197–2450196. doi: 10.1155/2022/2450197.
  • Tian K-Y, Shang F-F, Tian Y-Y, Fang Z-T, Tian J-H. 2019. Apprenticeship system of American NCCAOM Certification of acupuncture and oriental medicine. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 39(4):429–432.
  • Torres J. 2022. Small group models. Azusa (CA): Azusa Pacific University.
  • Wang H, Shen Y, Xu Z, Bai J, Hao Y, Ma G, Guo Y, Ni X. 2020. Exploration and practice of “apprenticeship” precision training for pediatricians at primary level. Chin J Hosp Adm. 12:846–849.
  • Wang H. 2023. Exploration of interdisciplinary integration and practical ability training in higher vocational Chinese medicine education. Chin Sci Technol J Database. 6:4–7.
  • Wang J, Burke A, Tsoh JY, Le GM, Stewart S, Gildengorin G, Wong C, Chow E, Woo K, Nguyen TT. 2014. Engaging traditional medicine providers in colorectal cancer screening education in a Chinese American community: a pilot study. Prev Chronic Dis. 11: e 217. doi: 10.5888/pcd11.140341.
  • Wang X, Jiao N, Yuan N. 2020. Hotspot analysis of articles published in "Chinese Medicine Education" over the past 25 years. Chin Med Educ. 39:42–46.
  • Wang Y, Ye M, Ye Y. 2018. Knowledge mapping analysis of hotspots and trends in traditional Chinese medicine education research over the past 40 years. Chin J Tradit Chin Med. 59:2052–2056.
  • Wang Z, Zhang Y. 2020. Traditional Chinese medicine education: adhering to cultural confidence, focusing on classics, cultivating TCM thinking. J Baotou Med Coll. 36:70–71.
  • Wei Q, Jiang X. 2020. Review and analysis of Chinese Traditional Medicine Education research literature in China in the last twenty years. Shi Zhen Guo Yi Guo Yao. 31:962–964.
  • Wu P, Li J, Yan H-X, Guo R, Lv Y, Wang Y-Q. 2021. Status and prospect of international standardization of TCM diagnosis. Pharmacol Res. 171:105746. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105746.
  • Xie J. 2016. Modern Tianjin’s Chinese medicine education. J Chin Med History. 46(6):344–348.
  • Xu J, Xia Z. 2019. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)–Does its contemporary business booming and globalization really reconfirm its medical efficacy & safety? Med Drug Discov. 1:100003. doi: 10.1016/j.medidd.2019.100003.
  • Xu S, Zhang D, He Q, Ma C, Ye S, Ge L, Zhang L, Liu W, Chen Z, Zhou L. 2022. Efficacy of Liuzijue Qigong in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 65:102809. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102809.
  • Xu X. 2019. Traditional Chinese Medicine inheritance education in China. 9th International Conference on Management, Education and Information (MEICI 2019); Prague, Czech Republic. doi: 10.25236/meici.2019.027.
  • Xue J, Fu Y, Song J, Sun X. 2022. The practical significance of the historical experience of TCM education at North China Medical College. Chin Modern Distance Educ Chin Med. 20:28–30.
  • Xue P, Zhan T, Yang G, Farella GM, Robinson N, Yang AW, Liu J. 2015. Comparison of Chinese medicine higher education programs in China and five Western countries. J Tradit Chin Med Sci. 2(4):227–234. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2016.01.010.
  • Yan N, Zhang H, Tan C. 2020. Research on the quality management of apprenticeship education at “famous senior TCM physician studio”. J Clin Nurs Res. 4(6):78–81. doi: 10.26689/jcnr.v4i6.1626.
  • Yang W. 2023. Yun Tieqiao’s integration of Chinese and western medicine education thoughts and its real-world value. Chin Med Educ. 42(1):17–23.
  • Yang WJ, Huang Y, Li J. 2009. The reasons and background for the rise of college education of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in modern times. Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi. 39:266–269.
  • Yeh M-L. 2007. The applications of multimedia and web for Chinese medicine nursing. Hu Li Za Zhi. 54(4):21–25.
  • Yu L, Wang X. 2020. The enlightenment from Wu Jutong’s “doctor’s diseases book” to modern TCM education. J Chin Med Lit. 38(1):84–85.
  • Zhang J, Ma J, Xie Q, Li J, Zheng L. 2023. The application of traditional Chinese medicine nursing combined with the health education standard path in acute myeloid leukaemia. Heliyon. 9(8):e17681. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17681.
  • Zhang LL, Dai M. 2007. Research on public education of traditional Chinese medicine in Guangxi during the period of New Gui Faction. Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi. 37(3):152–156.
  • Zhang P, Zheng Y. 2018. Reflections on the modern TCM education model from the perspective of tacit knowledge. Jinyang J. 5:99–104.
  • Zhang T, Li N, Ding H, Xiang W. 2023. Analysis of the competitive dynamics of the Chinese medicine industry based on the extended diamond model: the example of a long-established TCM company. FBEM. 7(2):253–255. doi: 10.54097/fbem.v7i2.5060.
  • Zhang X, Tan R, Lam WC, Yao L, Wang X, Cheng CW, Liu F, Chan JC, Aixinjueluo Q, Lau CT, et al. 2020. PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) extension for Chinese herbal medicines 2020 (PRISMA-CHM 2020). Am J Chin Med. 48(6):1279–1313. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X20500639.
  • Zhang H, Ni W, Li J, Zhang J. 2020. Artificial intelligence-based Traditional Chinese Medicine assistive diagnostic system: validation study. JMIR Med Inform. 8(6):e17608. doi: 10.2196/17608.
  • Zhang H, Zhang J, Xin XLD. 2022. A survey and preliminary analysis of the current status and reform directions of TCM education in Western medical schools. Chin Modern Distance Educ Chin Med. 20:149–151.
  • Zhang S. 2019. Education and inheritance of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Reflections from the perspective of philosophy of scientific practice. J Tianjin Univ. 21:133–137.
  • Zhao P, Zhang S. 2021. The design of the “two-stage” teaching model in Chinese Medicine Education. Education. 9:88.
  • Zhao W, Zhang Q, Wang H. 2015. The TCM apprentice education mode in the application of standardized training of resident physicians. Int J Tradit Chin Med. 7:657–658.
  • Zheng H. 2021. The paradigmatic functions of academic schools in Traditional Chinese Medicine and their significance for TCM education. J Tradit Chi Medicine Educ. 40:9–12.
  • Zhong H. 2020. Research on the innovative path of traditional Chinese medicine education in the “Internet+” environment—A review of "medical information literacy and information retrieval in the era of all media”. Hinese Sci Technol Papers. 15:1103.
  • Zhu Y, Wu Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Ren Y, Hu W, Li P, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhang B, et al. 2022. A national survey on how to improve traditional Chinese medicine learning internationally: perceptions from both teachers and students. Integr Med Res. 11(4):100895. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2022.100895.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.