Constructing identities: the ethno‐national and nationalistic identities of whiteFootnote¹

1. The term ‘white’ is used here to refer to the native British youth. Turks do not occupy a clear position in the ‘white/non‐white’ divide on which current understanding of minority ethnic communities in Britain is based. In the census, they identify themselves as ‘white’ even though Turkey is largely perceived in Britain to be a non‐white country. It is, however, not the purpose of this article to engage in such a potential controversy.

and Turkish students in two English secondary schools

References

• Archer , L. 2003 . Race, masculinity and schooling: Muslim boys and education , London : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bhabha , H.K. 1990 . Nation and narration , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Butler , J. 1997 . The psychic life of power: Theories in subjection , Stanford : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Caglar , A.S. 1997 . “ Hyphenated identities and the limits of ‘culture’ ” . In The politics of multiculturalism in the new Europe: Racism, identity and community , Edited by: Modood , T. and Werbner , P. London : Zed Books .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , P. 1988 . “ The perversions of inheritance: Studies in the making of multi‐racist Britain ” . In Multi‐racist Britain , Edited by: Cohen , P. and Bains , H.S. London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Consulate General for the Republic of Turkey . 2004 . “ Turkish community in the UK ” . http://www.turkconsulate‐london.com/en/commun.htm
   Google Scholar
• Convery , A. , Evans , M. , Green , S. , Macaro , E. and Mellor , J. 1997 . Students’ perceptions of Europe: Identity and education , London : Cassell .
   Google Scholar
• Council of Ministers of Education . Resolution of the Council and the Ministers of Education: Meeting within the Council on the European dimension in education of 24 May 1988, 88/C/177/02 . Official Journal of the European Communities C, no. 177 . pp. 5 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Education and Science . 1985 . Education for all: The report of the committee of enquiry into the education of children from ethnic minority groups , London : HMSO .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Education and Science . 1991 . EC, UK and Council of Europe resolutions in relation to the European dimension in education http://www.neelb.org.uk/cass/languages/european/zl 00017l.htm#resolutions
   Google Scholar
• Enneli , P. , Modood , T. and Bradley , H. 2005 . Young Turks and Kurds: A set of ‘invisible’ disadvantaged groups , York : Joseph Rowntree Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Faas , D. 2007a . The Europeanisation of German ethnic identities: The case of German and Turkish students in two Stuttgart secondary schools . International Studies in Sociology of Education , 17 ( 1 ) : 45 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Faas , D. 2007b . Turkish youth in the European knowledge economy: An exploration of their responses to Europe and the role of social class and school dynamics for their identities . European Societies , 9 ( 4 ) : 573 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faas , D. 2008 . From foreigner pedagogy to intercultural education: An analysis of the German responses to migration‐related diversity and its impacts upon schools and students . European Educational Research Journal , 7 ( 1 ) forthcoming
   Google Scholar
• Foucault , M. 1988 . “ Technologies of the self ” . In Technologies of the self: A seminar with Michel Foucault , Edited by: Martin , L. , Gutman , H. and Hutton , P. London : Tavistock .
   Google Scholar
• Gillborn , D. 1990 . ‘Race’, ethnicity and education: Teaching and learning in multiethnic schools , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , S. 1992 . “ New ethnicities ” . In ‘Race’, culture and difference , Edited by: Donald , J. and Rattansi , A. London : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Koopmans , R. , Statham , P. , Giugni , M. and Passy , F. 2005 . Contested citizenship: Immigration and cultural diversity in Europe , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Küçükcan , T. 1999 . Politics of ethnicity, identity and religion: Turkish Muslims in Britain Aldershot, Ashgate
   Google Scholar
• Mac An Ghaill , M. 1999 . Contemporary racisms and ethnicities: Social and cultural transformations , Buckingham : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nayak , A. 1999 . White English ethnicities: Racism, anti‐racism and student perspectives . Race Ethnicity and Education , 2 ( 2 ) : 177 – 202 .
   Google Scholar
• Osler , A. and Starkey , H. 2001 . Citizenship education and national identities in France and England: Inclusive or exclusive? . Oxford Review of Education , 27 ( 2 ) : 287 – 305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phoenix , A. 1997 . “ I’m white! So what? The construction of whiteness for young Londoners ” . In Off white , Edited by: Fine , M. , Weis , L. , Powell , L. and Mun Wong , L. New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Rassool , N. 1999 . Flexible identities: exploring race and gender issues among a group of immigrant students in an inner‐city comprehensive school . British Journal of Sociology of Education , 20 ( 1 ) : 23 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sewell , T. 1997 . Black masculinities and schooling , Stoke‐on‐Trent : Trentham Books .
   Google Scholar
• Sonyel , S.R. 1988 . The silent minority: Turkish Muslim children in British schools , Cambridge : The Islamic Academy .
   Google Scholar
• Tizard , B. and Phoenix , A. 2002 . Black, white or mixed race? Race and racism in the lives of young people of mixed parentage , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Tulasiewicz , W. 1993 . “ The European dimension and the national curriculum ” . In The multicultural dimension of the national curriculum , Edited by: King , A.S. and Reiss , M.J. London : Falmer .
   Google Scholar
• Van Driel , B. 2004 . Confronting Islamophobia in educational practice , Stoke‐on‐Trent : Trentham Books .
   Google Scholar