‘What defines me is what I have been through’: Bhutanese refugee youth identity in the United States

References

• Anderson, B. 1983. Imagined Communities. New York: Verso. doi:10.1086/ahr/90.4.903
   Google Scholar
• Apple, M. W. 1979. Ideology and Curriculum. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ascher, C. 1985. “The Social and Psychological Adjustment of Southeast Asian Refugees.” The Urban Review 17 (2): 147–152. doi:10.1007/BF01108254
   Google Scholar
• Bhabha, H. K. 1994. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bal, A. 2014. “Becoming in/Competent Learners in the United States: Refugee Students’ Academic Identities in the Figured World of Difference.” International Multilingual Research Journal 8 (4): 271–290. doi:10.1080/19313152.2014.952056
   Google Scholar
• Banki, S. 2008. Resettlement of the Bhutanese from Nepal: The Durable Solution Discourse and Refugee Resettlement. In H. Adelman (Ed.), Protracted Displacement in Asia: No Place to Call Home. (pp. 29–55). London: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Bankston, C. L., and M. Zhou. 2006. “Being Well vs. Doing Well: Self-Esteem and School Performance Among Immigrant and Nonimmigrant Racial and Ethnic Groups.” International Migration Review 36 (2): 389–415. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00086.x
   Google Scholar
• Beauregard, C., G. Papazian-Zohrabian, and C. Rousseau. 2017. “Making Sense of Collective Identity and Trauma through Drawing: The Case Study of a Palestinian Refugee Student.” Intercultural Education 28 (2): 113–130. doi:10.1080/14675986.2017.1294851
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigelow, M. 2008. “Somali Adolescents’ Negotiation of Religious and Racial Bias in and out of School.” Theory into Practice 47 (1): 27–34. doi:10.1080/00405840701764706
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonet, S. W. 2018. “So Where Are the Promises of This America? Where Is the Democracy and Where Are the Human Rights?”: Refugee Youth, Citizenship Education, and Exclusion from Public School.” Curriculum Inquiry 48 (1): 53–69. doi:10.1080/03626784.2017.1409591
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd, C. O. 2001. Phenomenology the method. In Munhall, P. L. (Ed.), Nursing Research: A Qualitative Perspective (3rd. ed., pp. 93–122). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.
   Google Scholar
• Chao, X. 2013. “Class Habitus: Middle-Class Chinese Immigrant Parents’ Investment in Their Newcomer Adolescents’ L2 Acquisition and Social Integration.” Anthropology and Education Quarterly 44 (1): 58–74. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1492.2012.01179.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao, X., and A. Kuntz. 2013. “Church-Based ESL Program as a Figured World: Immigrant Adult Learners, Identity and Power.” Linguistics and Education 24 (4): 466–478. doi:10.1016/j.linged.2013.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao, X., and M. Mantero. 2014. “Church-Based ESL Programs: Social Mediators for Empowering “Family Literacy Ecology of Communities.” Journal of Literacy Research 46 (1): 90–114. doi:0.1177/1086296X14524588 doi:10.1177/1086296X14524588
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao, X., and R. Waller. 2017. “Urban Indigenous Bilingualism: “An Environmental Allergy?” Urban Education. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0042085917727572
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbin, J., and A. Strauss. 2008. Basics of Qualitative Research. (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. 2013. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Traditions. (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. 1980. Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977. (Translated by C. Gordon, L. Marshall, J. Mepham and K. Soper). Brighton, England: The Harvester Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gee, J. P. 2000. “Identity as an Analytical Lens for Research in Education.” Review of Research in Education 25: 99–125. doi:10.2307/1167322
   Google Scholar
• Giri, B. 2005. “Mourning the 15th Anniversary of Crisis: The Plight of Bhutanese Refugee Women and Children.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 40 (5): 345–369. doi:10.1177/0021909605057742
   Google Scholar
• Hall, S. 1989. “Cultural Identity and Cinematic Representation.” Framework 36: 68–81.
   Google Scholar
• Hatoss, A., and T. Sheely. 2009. “Language Maintenance and Identity among Sudanese-Australian Refugee-Background Youth.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 30 (2): 127–144. doi:10.1080/01434630802510113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath, S. B. 1983. Ways with Words: Language, Life, and Work in Communities and Classrooms. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hutt, M. 2003. Unbecoming Citizens: Culture, Nationhood, and the Flight of Refugees from Bhutan. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Karam, F. J. 2018. “Language and Identity Construction: The Case of a Refugee Digital Bricoleur.” Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy 61 (5): 511–521. doi:10.1002/jaal.719
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S. J. 2001. “More than “Model Minorities” or “Delinquents”: a Look at Hmong American High School Students.” Harvard Educational Review 71 (3): 505–528. doi:10.17763/haer.71.3.k055628l18wp51v6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBrien, J. L. 2005. “Educational Needs and Barriers for Refugee Students in the United States: A Review of Literature.” Review of Educational Research 75 (3): 329–364. doi:10.3102/00346543075003329
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merriam, S. B. 2002. Qualitative Research in Practice: Examples for Discussion and Analysis. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Mosselson, J. 2006. Roots & Routes: Bosnian Adolescent Refugees in New York City. New York: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Moll, Luisc, Cathy Amanti, Deborah Neff, and Norma Gonzalez. 1992. “Funds of Knowledge for Teaching: Using a Qualitative Approach to Connect Homes and Classrooms.” Theory into Practice 31 (2): 132–141. doi:10.1080/00405849209543534
   Google Scholar
• Norton, B. 2000. Identity and Language Learning: Gender, Ethnicity and Educational Change. London: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Norton Peirce, B. 1995. “Social Identity, Investment and Language Learning.” TESOL Quarterly 29 (1): 9–31. doi:10.2307/3587803
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogbu, J., and H.D. Simons. (1998). “Voluntary and involuntary minorities: A cultural-ecological theory of school performance with some implications for education.” Anthropology & Education Quarterly 29 (2): 155–188.
   Google Scholar
• Ogbu, J. U. 1991. Immigrant and involuntary minorities in comparative perspective. Minority Status and Schooling: A Comparative Study of Immigrant and Involuntary Minorities. In M. A. Gibson and J. U. Ogbu, (eds.). New York: Garland Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Park, M., C. Katsiaficas, and M. McHugh. 2018. Responding to the ECEC Needs of Children of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Europe and North America. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Perry, K. H. 2009. “Genres, Contexts, and Literacy Practices: Literacy Brokering among Sudanese Refugee Families.” Reading Research Quarterly 44 (3): 256–276. doi:10.1598/RRQ.44.3.2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portes, A., and R. G. Rumbaut. 2001. Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Portes, A., and M. Zhou. 1993. “The New Second Generation: Segmented Assimilation and Its Variants.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 530 (1): 74–96. doi:10.1177/0002716293530001006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, M. A. 2017. “I Love This Book Because That’s like Me!” a Multilingual Refugee/Adolescent Girl Responds from Her Homeplace.” International Multilingual Research Journal 11 (4): 239–254. doi:10.1080/19313152.2016.1246900
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tse, L. 1996. “Language Brokering in Linguistic Minority Communities: The Case of Chinese- and Vietnamese-American Students.” Bilingual Research Journal 20 (3–4): 485–498. doi:10.1080/15235882.1996.10668640
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR (United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees). 2018. Refugee Resettlement Facts. Geneva, Switzerland: UNHCR. http://www.unhcr.org/resettlement-in-the-united-states.html
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of State. 2017. Proposed Refugee Admissions for Fiscal Year 2017: Report to the Congress. https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/262168.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• van Manen, M. 1990. Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. New York, U.S.: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Weedon, C. 1987. Feminist Practice and Poststructuralist Theory. London, UK: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, M. 2011. The Accidental Sociologist in Asian American Studies. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Asian American Studies Center Press.
   Google Scholar