17,495
Views
244
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Capturing Landscape Visual Character Using Indicators: Touching Base with Landscape Aesthetic Theory

, &
Pages 89-117 | Published online: 14 Jan 2008

References

  • Ahas , R. , Aasa , A. , Silm , S. and Roosaare , J. 2005 . Seasonal indicators and seasons of Estonian landscapes . Landscape Research , 30 : 173 – 191 .
  • Antrop , M. and Van Eetvelde , V. 2000 . Holistic aspects of suburban landscapes: visual image interpretation and landscape metrics . Landscape and Urban Planning , 50 : 43 – 58 .
  • Appleton , J. 1975 . The Experience of Landscapes , Chichester : Wiley .
  • Arriaza , M. , Canas-Ortega , J. F. , Canas-Madueno , J. A. and Ruiz-Aviles , P. 2004 . Assessing the visual quality of rural landscapes . Landscape and Urban Planning , 69 : 115 – 125 .
  • Ayad , Y. M. 2005 . Remote sensing and GIS in modelling visual landscape change: a case study of the north-western arid coast of Egypt . Landscape and Urban Planning , 73 : 307 – 325 .
  • Bell , S. 1999 . Landscape: Pattern, Perception and Process , London : Spon .
  • Brabyn , L. 2005 . Solutions for characterising natural landscapes in New Zealand using geographical information systems . Journal of Environmental Management , 76 : 23 – 34 .
  • Brassley , P. 1998 . On the unrecognized significance of the ephemeral landscape . Landscape Research , 23 : 119 – 132 .
  • Brush , R. O. 1981 . Landform and scenic preferences: A research note . Landscape and Planning , 8 : 301 – 306 .
  • Coeterier , J. F. 2002 . Lay people's evaluation of historic sites . Landscape and Urban Planning , 59 : 111 – 123 .
  • Council of Europe . 2000 . “ Official text of the European Landscape Convention ” . Available online at: [http://www.coe.int/t/e/Cultural_Co-operation/Environment/Landscape/], accessed 4 December 2007
  • Countryside Council for Wales . 2006 . LANDMAP Information System . available online at: [www.landmap.ccw.gov.uk/files/CCW_FinalPDFEng.pdf], accessed 27 June 2007
  • Darlington , J. 2002 . “ Mapping Lancashire's historic landscape: the Lancashire Historic Landscape Characterisation programme ” . In Europe's Cultural Landscape: Archaeologists and the Management of Change , Edited by: Fairclough , G. and Rippon , S. 97 – 105 . Exeter : Short Run Press .
  • de Groot , W. T. and van der Born , R. J. G. 2003 . Visions of nature and landscape type preferences: an exploration in The Netherlands . Landscape and Urban Planning , 63 : 127 – 138 .
  • de la Fuente de Val , G. , Atauri , J. A. and de Lucio , J. V. 2006 . Relationship between landscape visual attributes and spatial pattern indices: a test study in Mediterranean-climate landscapes . Landscape and Urban Planning , 77 : 393 – 407 .
  • DeZonia , B. and Mladenoff , D. J. 2004 . “ IAN 1.0.15, Computer software program produced by the authors at the Department of Forest Ecology & Management ” . Madison , WI : University of Wisconsin . Available online at: [http://landscape.forest.wisc.edu/projects/ian/], accessed 4 December 2007
  • Dramstad, W. & Sogge, C. (Eds) (2003) Agricultural impacts on landscapes: Developing indicators for policy analysis. NIJOS/OECD Expert Meeting, Agricultural Indicators, Oslo
  • Dramstad , W. E. , Fry , G. , Fjellstad , W. J. , Skar , B. , Helliksen , W. , Sollund , M. L. B. , Tveit , M. S. , Geelmuyden , A. K. and Framstad , E. 2001 . Integrating landscape-based values—Norwegian monitoring of agricultural landscapes . Landscape and Urban Planning , 57 : 257 – 268 .
  • Fairclough , G. , Lambrick , G. and Hopkins , D. 2002 . “ Historic landscape characterisation in England and a Hampshire case study ” . In Europe's Cultural Landscape: Archaeologists and the Management of Change , Edited by: Fairclough , G. and Rippon , S. 69 – 83 . Exeter : Short Run Press .
  • Fairclough G. Lambrick G. McNab A. Yesterday's World, Tomorrow's Landscape. The English Heritage Historic Landscape Project 1992 – 94 London English Heritage 1999
  • Fjellstad , W. J. , Dramstad , W. E. , Strand , G. H. and Fry , G. L. A. 2001 . Heterogeneity as a measure of spatial pattern for monitoring agricultural landscapes . Norwegian Journal of Geography , 55 : 71 – 76 .
  • Germino , M. J. , Reiners , W. A. , Blasko , B. J. , McLeod , D. and Bastian , C. T. 2001 . Estimating visual properties of Rocky Mountain landscapes using GIS . Landscape and Urban Planning , 53 : 71 – 83 .
  • Giles , R. H. and Trani , M. K. 1999 . Key elements of landscape pattern measures . Environmental Management , 23 : 477 – 481 .
  • Gobster , P. H. 2001 . Visions of nature: conflict and compatibility in urban park restoration . Landscape and Urban Planning , 56 : 35 – 51 .
  • Green , R. 1999 . Meaning and form in community perception of town character . Journal of Environmental Psychology , 19 : 311 – 329 .
  • Green , D. G. , Klomp , N. , Rimmington , G. and Sadedin , S. 2007 . Complexity in Landscape Ecology , Dordrecht : Springer .
  • Gulinck , H. , Dufourmont , H. and Stas , I. 1999 . “ Approach to landscape character using satellite imagery and spatial analysis tools ” . In Landscape Character: Perspectives on Management and Change , Edited by: Usher , M. B. 127 – 134 . Edinburgh : The Stationery Office .
  • Gulinck , G. , Múgica , M. , de Lucio , J. V. and Atauri , J. A. 2001 . A framework for comparative landscape analysis and evaluation based on land cover data, with an application in the Madrid region (Spain) . Landscape and Urban Planning , 55 : 257 – 270 .
  • Hagerhall , C. M. , Purcell , T. and Taylor , R. 2004 . Fractal dimension of landscape silhouette outlines as a predictor of landscape preference . Journal of Environmental Psychology , 24 : 247 – 255 .
  • Hammitt , W. E. , Patterson , M. E. and Noe , F. P. 1994 . Identifying and predicting visual preference of Southern Appalachian forest recreation vistas . Landscape and Urban Planning , 29 : 171 – 183 .
  • Hands , D. E. and Brown , R. D. 2002 . Enhancing visual preference of ecological rehabilitation sites . Landscape and Urban Planning , 58 : 57 – 70 .
  • Hartig , T. , Evans , G. W. , Jamner , L. D. , Davis , D. S. and Gärling , T. 2003 . Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings . Journal of Environmental Psychology , 23 : 109 – 123 .
  • Hendriks , K. , Stobbelaar , D. J. and Van Mansvelt , J. D. 2000 . The appearance of agriculture. An assessment of the quality of landscape of both organic and conventional horticultural farms in West Friesland . Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment , 77 : 157 – 175 .
  • Hopkinson , R. G. 1971 . The quantitative assessment of visual intrusion . Journal of the Town Planning Institute , 57 : 445 – 449 .
  • Hulshoff , R. M. 1995 . Landscape indexes describing a Dutch landscape . Landscape Ecology , 10 : 101 – 111 .
  • Hunziker , M. and Kienast , F. 1999 . Potential impacts of changing agricultural activities on scenic beauty: a prototypical technique for automated rapid assessment . Landscape Ecology , 14 : 161 – 176 .
  • Iverson , W. D. 1985 . And that's about the size of it: visual magnitude as a measurement of the physical landscape . Landscape Journal , 4 : 14 – 22 .
  • Jessel , B. 2006 . Elements, characteristics and character: information functions of landscapes in terms of indicators . Ecological Indicators , 6 : 153 – 167 .
  • Kaplan , R. and Kaplan , S. 1989 . The Experience of Nature , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Kaplan , S. and Kaplan , R. 1982 . Cognition and Environment: Functioning in an Uncertain World , New York : Praeger .
  • Kellert , S. R. 1996 . The Value of Life: Biological Diversity and Human Society , Washington , DC : Shearwater Books .
  • Kellert , S. R. and Wilson , E. O. 1993 . The Biophilia Hypothesis , Washington , DC : Island Press/Shearwater Books .
  • Kuiper , J. 2000 . A checklist approach to evaluate the contribution of organic farms to landscape quality . Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment , 77 : 143 – 156 .
  • Länsstyrelsen i Skåne . 2006 . Det Skånska landsbygdsprogrammet , Malmö : Länsstyrelsen i Skåne .
  • Laurie , I. C. 1975 . “ Aesthetic factors in visual evolution ” . In Landscape Assessment: Values, Perceptions and Resources , Edited by: Zube , E. H. , Brush , R. O. and Fabos , J. G. 103 – 117 . Stroudsborg : Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross .
  • Lausch , A. and Herzog , F. 2002 . Applicability of landscape metrics for the monitoring of landscape change: issues of scale, resolution and interpretability . Ecological Indicators , 2 : 3 – 15 .
  • Li , H. and Wu , J. 2004 . Use and misuse of landscape indices . Landscape Ecology , 19 : 389 – 399 .
  • Litton , R. B. Forest landscape description and inventories: a basis for land planning and design . USDA Forest Service Research Paper PSW-49, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service US Department of Agriculture . Berkeley , CA .
  • Litton , R. B. 1972 . “ Aesthetic dimensions of the landscape ” . In Natural Environments: Studies in Theoretical and Applied Analysis , Edited by: Krutilla , J. V. 262 – 291 . Baltimore , MD : Johns Hopkins University Press .
  • Litton , R. B. , Sorensen , J. and Beatty , R. A. 1974 . Water and Landscape: An Aesthetic Overview of the Role of Water in the Landscape , New York : Water Information Center .
  • Lowenthal , D. 1979 . “ Age and artefact ” . In The Interpretation of Ordinary Landscapes, Geographical Essays , Edited by: Meining , D. W. 103 – 128 . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Lowenthal , D. 1985 . The Past is a Foreign Country , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Lynch , J. A. and Gimblett , R. H. 1992 . Perceptual values in the cultural landscape: a spatial model for assessing and mapping perceived mystery in rural environments . Journal of Computers, Environment and Urban Systems , 16 : 453 – 471 .
  • Lynch , K. 1960 . The Image of the City , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press & Harvard University Press .
  • McGarigal , K. , Cushman , S. A. , Neel , M. C. and Ene , E. 2002 . “ FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps ” . Amherst : Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts . Available online at: [www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html], accessed 4 December 2007
  • Miljøministeriet . 2007 . Vejledning om landskabet i kommuneplanlægningen , Copenhagen : Miljøministeriet, Skov og Naturstyrelsen .
  • Morgan , R. 1999 . Some factors affecting coastal landscape aesthetic quality assessment . Landscape Research , 24 : 167 – 184 .
  • Nasar , J. L. and Li , M. 2004 . Landscape mirror: the attractiveness of reflecting water . Landscape and Urban Planning , 66 : 233 – 238 .
  • Nassauer , J. I. 1995 . Messy ecosystems, orderly frames . Landscape Journal , 14 : 161 – 170 .
  • Nassauer , J. I. 1997 . “ Cultural sustainability: aligning aesthetics and ecology ” . In Placing Nature: Culture and Landscape Ecology , Edited by: Nassauer , J. I. 67 – 83 . Washington , DC : Island Press .
  • Palmer , J. F. 2004 . Using spatial metrics to predict scenic perception in a changing landscape: Dennis, Massachusetts . Landscape and Urban Planning , 69 : 201 – 218 .
  • Palmer , J. F. and Hoffman , R. E. 2001 . Rating reliability and representation validity in scenic landscape assessments . Landscape and Urban Planning , 54 : 149 – 161 .
  • Palmer , J. F. and Lankhorst , J. R. K. 1998 . Evaluating visible spatial diversity in the landscape . Landscape and Urban Planning , 43 : 65 – 78 .
  • Pearson , D. M. 2002 . The application of local measures of spatial autocorrelation for describing pattern in north Australian landscapes . Journal of Environmental Management , 64 : 85 – 95 .
  • Purcell , A. T. and Lamb , R. J. 1998 . Preference and naturalness: an ecological approach . Landscape and Urban Planning , 42 : 57 – 66 .
  • Purcell , T. , Peron , E. and Berto , R. 2001 . Why do preferences differ between scene types . Environment and Behaviour , 33 : 93 – 106 .
  • Schüpbach , B. Methods for indicators to assess landscape aesthetic . Agricultural impacts on landscapes: developing indicators for policy analysis, NIJOS/OECD Expert Meeting, Agricultural Indicators . Edited by: Dramstad , W. and Sogge , C. pp. 270 – 281 . Oslo
  • Sheppard , S. R. J. 2001 . Beyond Visual Resource Management: Emerging Theories of an Ecological Aesthetic and Visible Stewardship , 149 – 172 . Wallingford : CABI Publishing . Forests and Landscapes—Linking Ecology, Sustainability and Aesthetics, IUFRO Research Series No. 6
  • Swanwick , C. 2002 . Landscape Character Assessment: Guidance for England and Scotland , London : The Countryside Agency and Scottish Natural Heritage .
  • Taylor , P. D. 2002 . Fragmentation and cultural landscapes: tightening the relationship between human beings and the environment . Landscape and Urban Planning , 58 : 93 – 99 .
  • Trent , R. B. , Neumann , E. and Kvashny , A. 1987 . Presentation mode and question format artifacts in visual assessment research . Landscape and Urban Planning , 14 : 225 – 235 .
  • Tveit , M. , Ode , Å. and Fry , G. 2006 . Key visual concepts in a framework for analyzing visual landscape character . Landscape Research , 31 : 229 – 255 .
  • Tuan , Y. 1974 . Topophilia , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall .
  • Ulrich , R. S. 1979 . Visual landscapes and psychological well-being . Landscape Research , 4 : 14 – 23 .
  • Ulrich , R. S. 1984 . View through a window may influence recovery from surgery . Science , 224 : 420 – 421 .
  • Van den Berg , A. E. , Vlek , C. A. J. and Coeterier , J. F. 1998 . Group differences in the aesthetic evaluation of nature development plans: a multi-level approach . Journal of Environmental Psychology , 18 : 141 – 157 .
  • van Mansvelt , J. D. and Kuiper , J. 1999 . “ Criteria for the humanity realm: psychology and physiognomy and cultural heritage ” . In Checklist for Sustainable Landscape Management , Edited by: van Mansvelt , D. and van der Lubbe , M. J. 116 – 134 . Amsterdam : Elsevier Science .
  • Vining , J. , Daniel , T. C. and Schroeder , H. W. 1984 . Predicting scenic values in forested residential landscapes . Journal of Leisure Research , 16 : 124 – 135 .
  • Wascher, D. M. (Ed.) (2005) European Landscape Character Areas: typologies, cartography and indicators for the assessment of sustainable landscapes. Final project report as deliverable from the EUs Accompanying Measure project European Landscape Character Assessment Initiative (ELCAI)
  • Weinstoerffer , J. and Girardin , P. 2000 . Assessment of the contribution of land use pattern and intensity to landscape quality: use of a landscape indicator . Ecological Modelling , 130 : 95 – 109 .
  • Wherrett , J. R. 1998 . “ Natural landscape scenic preference: techniques for evaluation and simulation ” . Aberdeen , , Scotland : Robert Gordon University and Macaulay Land Use Research Institute . unpublished PhD thesis
  • Wherrett , J. R. 2000 . Creating landscape preference models using internet survey techniques . Landscape Research , 25 : 79 – 96 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.