21
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Invited Review

Palm Sago (Metroxylon Species) As A Subsistence Crop

Pages 115-134 | Published online: 27 Sep 2017

References

  • Adriani, N. & Kruyt, A.C. (1951): De Bare'e Sprekende Toradjas van Midden-Celebes, 3.Amsterdam: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen.
  • Ahmed, M.I. & Sim, E.S. (1975): Utilisation of peat soil for sago palm cultivation in Sarawak. 3rd ASEAN Soil Conference, Malaysia.
  • Alkema, B.& Bezemer, T.J. (1927): Beknopt handboek der volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indie. Haarlem: H.D. Tjeenk Willink.
  • Amato, D. (1977): Haematology in Papua New Guinea revisited-editorial. Papua New Guinea Med. J. 20 (1) 1–5.
  • Anderson, AJ. (1977): Sago and nutrition in Sarawak. In Sago 76, Papers of the First International Sago Symposium, The equatorial swamp as a natural resource, ed K. Tan Kuching, Malaysia.
  • Baal,J. van (1966): Dema. Description and analysis of Marind-anim culture. The Hague:Martinus Nijhoff.
  • Barrau, J. (1958): Subsistence agriculture in Melanesia. Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin No. 219.
  • Barrau, J. (1959): The sago palms and other food plands of marsh dwellers in the South Pacific Islands. Econ. Bot. 13, 151–163.
  • Beaver, W.N. (1920): Unexplored New Guinea. London: Seeley, Service.
  • Blackwood, B. (1935): Both sides of the Buka Passage. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Boelaars, J.H. (1958): Papoea's aan de Mappi. Utrecht: De Fontein.
  • Bouman, M.A. (1922): Gegevensuit smitau en boven-kapuas. Adatrechtbundels 44 (Borneo), pp. 47-86. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
  • Brookfield, H.C., with Hart, D. (1971): Melanesia, a geographical interpretation of an island world. London: Methuen.
  • Burkill, I.M. (1951): The rise and decline of the greater yam in the service of man. Advan.Sci. 7,443–448.
  • Burridge, K. (1969): Tangu traditions. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Chinnery, E.W. (1929): Studies of the native population of the east coast of New Ireland. In Territory of New Guinea Anthropological Report No. 6. Canberra: Government Printer.
  • Codrington, R.H. (1891): The Melanesians, studies in their anthropology and folklore. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Cooley, F.L. (1962): Altar and throne in Central Moluccan societies. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
  • Cooley, F.L. (1967): Allang, a village on Ambon Island. In Villages in Indonesia, ed A.Koentijaraingrat. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press.
  • Corden, M.W. (1970): Some observations on village life in New Guinea. Aust. Inst of Ana. Food and Nutrition Notes and Reviews, 27, 77–82.
  • Crosby, E. (1976): Sago in Melanesia. Arch. & Phys. Anthr. in Oceania. 11, 138–155.
  • Dampier, W. (1729): A collection of voyages. London: J. &J. Knapton.
  • Donovan, K.O., Shaw, D.E. & Amato, D. (1976): Sago and haemolysis. Papua New Guinea Med. J. 20, 167–174.
  • Dornstreich, M.D. (1973): An ecological study of Gadio Enga (New Guinea) subsistence. PhD thesis. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
  • Drabbe, P. (1940): Het leven van den Tanembareers. Ethnografishe studie over het Tanermbareesche volk. Leiden: EJ. Brill.
  • Ellen, R.F. (1975): Non-domesticated resources in Nuaulu ecological relations. Soc. Sci. Info. 14, 127–150.
  • Elmberg, J.E. (1955): Field notes on the Mejbrat people in the Ajamaru district of the Birds' Head (Vogelkop), Western New Guinea. Ethnos 20, 3–102.
  • Essig, F.B. (1977): A preliminary analysis of the palm flora of New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago. Papua New Guinea Botany Bulletin No. 9. Division of Botany, Office of Forests, Lae.
  • Fairweather, J. & Yap, S.T. (1937): The sago industry in Malaya. Malayan Agri. J. 25, 329–333.
  • Food and Agriculture Organisation/United States Department of Health Education and Welfare (1972): Food composition tables for use in East Asia. Rome: FAO.
  • Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organisation (1974): Handbook on human nutritional requirements. Rome/Geneva: FAO Nutr. Studies No. 28, Rome WHO Mono. Ser. No. 61.
  • Firth, R. (1930): Report on research in Tikopia. Oceania 1, 105–117.
  • Firth, R. (1950): Economics and ritual in sago extraction in Tikopia. Mankind 4,131–142.
  • Flach, M. (1977): Yield potential of the sagopalm and its realisation. In Sago 76, Papers of the First International Sago Symposium, The equatorial swamp as a natural resource, ed K. Tan, Kuching, Malaysia.
  • Flach, M., Cnoops, FJ. & Van Roekel-Jansen, G.C. (1977): Tolerance to salinity and flooding of sagopalm seedlings: preliminary investigations. In Sago 76, Papers of the First International Sago Symposium, The Equatorial Swamp as a Natural Resource. ed K. Tan. Kuching, Malaysia.
  • Flach, M. (1981): Sagopalm resources in the North Eastern part of the Sepik river flood basin, report of a survey. Report No. 3/81, Energy Planning Unit, Department of Minerals and Energy, Konedobu, Papua New Guinea.
  • Gell, A. (1975): Metamorphosis of the Cassowaries. London: Athlone Press.
  • Geurtjens, H. (1921): Uit een vreemde wereld. Bois Le Duc: Teulings.
  • Haberland, E. & Seyfarth, S. (1974): Die Yimar am oberen korowori (Neuguinea). Studien zur Kulturkunde, 36. Weisbaden: Franz Steiner.
  • Hall, AJ. (1979): Health and disease patterns of the Purari people. Purari River (Wabo) Hydroelectric Scheme Environmental Studies, 7, ed T. Petr. Office of Environment and Conservation, Waigani, and Department of Minerals & Energy. Konedobu, Papua New Guinea.
  • Held, GJ. (1957): The Papuans of Waropen. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
  • Hogbin, H.I. (1939): Tillage and collection, a New Guinea economy. Oceania 9, 127-151, 286–325.
  • Hogbin, H.I. (1951): Transformation scene. The changing culture of a New Guinea village. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • Huber, P.B. (1978): Organising production and producing organisation. The sociology of traditional agriculture. In The adaptation of traditional agriculture,socioeconomic problems of urbanisation, ed E.K. Fisk. Australian National University Development Studies Centre, Monograph No. 11,158-179, Canberra.
  • Ivens, W.G. (1927): Melanesians of the South-East Solomon Islands. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.
  • Janzen, D.H. (1974): Tropical blackwater rivers, animals, and mast fruiting by the Dipterocarpaceae. Biotropica 6,69–103.
  • Johnson, D. (1977): Distribution of sago making in the Old World. In Sago 76, Papers of the First International Sago Symposium, The equatorial swamp as a natural resource, ed K. Tan, Kuching, Malaysia.
  • Johnson, R.M. & Raymond, W.D. (1956): Sources of starch in Colonial Territories. 1, The Sagopalm. Colonial Plant and Animal Products 6,1,20–32.
  • Josselin de Jong, J.P.B. de (1947): Studies in Indonesian culture, 2, The Community of Erai (Wetar). Verhandelingen der Koninklijk Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Letterkunde 50, 1-152.
  • Kanapathy, K. (1975): Factors in the utilisation of peat soil for sago palm cultivation in Sarawak. 3rd ASEAN Soil Conference, Malaysia.
  • Kari, M. (1978): Sago utilisation amongst the Central Elema, Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea. Oral History 6, 2–8.
  • Kelly, R.C. (1974): Etoro social structure. PhD thesis. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
  • Knight, J.W. (1969): The starch industry. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Kouwenhoven, W.J.H. (1956): Nimboran. A study of social change and socio-economic development in a New Guinea society. The Hague: J.N. Voorhoeve.
  • Landtman, G. (1927): The Kiwai Papuans of British New Guinea. London: Macmillan and Co.
  • Lea, D.A.M. (1964): Abelam land and sustenance. PhD thesis. Australian National University, Canberra.
  • LeBar, F.M. (1972): Ethnic groups of insular Southeast Asia. Vol. 1, Indonesia,Andaman Islands, and Madagascar. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files Press.
  • Lewis, G. (1975): Knowledge of an illness in a Sepik society. London: Athlone Press.
  • Merrill, E.D. & Robinson, C.D. (1917): An interpretation of Rumphius' Herbarium Amboinense. Bureau of Science Publication No. 9. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Manila.
  • Morauta, L. (1982): Sago for food in a changing economy. In Sago research in Papua New Guinea. Institute of Applied Social and Economic Research, Discussion Paper no. 44, Boroko, Papua New Guinea.
  • Morris, H.S. (1953): Report on a Melanau sago producing community in Sarawak. Colonial Research Studies No. 9. Colonial Office, London.
  • Nutz, W. (1959): Eine kulturanalyse van kei, beitrage zur vergleichenden volkerkinde Ostindonesiens. Dusseldorf: M. Triltsch.
  • Ohtsuka, R. (1977a): Time-space use of the Papuans depending on sago and game. In Human acitivity system, its spatiotemporal structure, ed M. Watanabe, pp. 231-260. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.
  • Ohtsuka, R. (1977b): The sago eaters' adaptation in the Oriomo Plateau, Papua New Guinea. In Sago 76, Papers of the First Internatonal Sago Symposium, The equatorial swamp as a natural resource, ed K. Tan, Kuching, Malaysia.
  • Oijen, L.A. van (1909): Sagoe en sagoepalmen. Bulletin van het Koloniaal Museum te Haarlem 44, 12–69.
  • Oliver, D.L. (1955): A Solomon Island society. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Oomen, H.A. & Malcolm, S.H. (1958): Nutrition and the Papuan child. South Pacific Commission Technical Paper No. 118. Noumea, New Caledonia.
  • Oosterwaatl, G. (1961): People of the Tor. Assen: Royal Van Gorium.
  • Papua New Guinea Department of Health (1978): National nutrition survey. Nutrition Section, Konedobu, Papua New Guinea.
  • Peters, F.E. (1957): Chemical composition of South Pacific foods. South Pacific Commission Technical Paper No. 115. Noumea, New Caledonia.
  • Petr, T. & Lucero, J. (1979): Sago palm salinity tolerance in the Purari river delta. In Ecology of the Purari River catchment. Purari River (Wabo) Hydroelectric Scheme Environmental Studies, Vol. 10. ed T. Petr. Office of Environment and Conservation, Waigani, and Department of Minerals and Energy, Konedobu, Papua New Guinea.
  • Polo, Marco (1930): The travels of Marco Polo. ed Komroff, from Marsden's translation. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation.
  • Pouwer, J. (1955): Enkele aspecten van de Mimika-cultuur (Nederlands Zuidwest Nieuw Guinea). The Hague: Staatsdrukkerijen Uitgeversbedrijf.
  • Purchas, S. (1617): Purchas,his pilgrims. Printed by W. Stansby for H. Fetherstone, London.
  • Reynolds, J.P. (1972a): Bougainville district. In Encyclopaedia of Papua and New Guinea. ed P. Ryan. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press in association with the University of Papua and New Guinea.
  • Reynolds, J.P. (1972b): New Ireland District. In Encyclopaedia of Papua and New Guinea. ed P. Ryan. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press in association with the University of Papua and New Guinea.
  • Rhoads, J.W. (1981): Variation in land use strategies among Melanesian sago eaters. Canberra Anthr. 4, 45–73.
  • Rhoads, J.W. (1982): Sago palm management in Melanesia, an alternative perspective. Arch. in Oceania, 17, 20–27.
  • Riley, E.B. (1925): Among Papuan headhunters. Philadelphia: J.P. Lippincott.
  • Ruddle, K., Johnson, D., Townsend, P. & Rees, J.D. (1978): Palm sago, a tropical starch from marginal lands. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii.
  • Salfield, J.R. (1973): Nutritional survey, Sepik districts. Report of the East Sepik District Health Department Nutritionist, Wewak, Papua New Guinea.
  • Sastrapradja, S. & Mogea, J.P. (1977): Present uses and future development of Metroxylon sagu in Indonesia. In Sago 76, Papers of the First International Sago Symposium, The equatorial swamp as a natural resource, ed K. Tan, Kuching, Malaysia.
  • Schieffelin, E.L. (1976): The sorrow of the lonely and the burning of the dancers. New York: St. Martins Press.
  • Schindlbeck, M. (1980): Sago bei den Sawos (Mittelsepik, Papua New Guinea), untersuchungen uber die bedeutung von sago in wirtschaft, sozialordnung und religion. Basler Beitrage zur Ethnologie, Vol. 19. Ethnologisches Seminar der Universitat und Museum fur Volkerkunde, Basel.
  • Schlesier, E. (1961): Zum problem einer sago-verwertenden kulturschicht auf Neuguinea. Z. Ethnol. 86, 224–233.
  • Serpenti, L.M. (1965): Cultivators in the Swamps. Assen: Van Gorcum.
  • Sim, E.S. & Ahmed, M.I. (1977): Variation in starch yields of Sarawak sagopalms. In Sago 76, Papers of the First International Sago Symposium, The equatorial swamp as a natural resource, ed K. Tan. Kuching, Malaysia.
  • Spencer, J.E. (1961): The migration of rice from mainland Southeast Asia into Indonesia. In Plants and the migrations of Pacific peoples, ed J. Barrau. Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum Press.
  • State of Brunei (1969): Annual Report. Kuala Belait: Brunei Press.
  • Streicher, J.F. (1934): Sagogewinnung, aufsatz der awanggom, aus dem stamm der Hopoi, Neu-Guinea. Arch. Anthr. 23, 236–237.
  • Tan, K. (1979): The palm economy, in particular the swamp sago economy in Southeast Asia. J. Agric. Trad. Bot. App. 26, 128–146.
  • Tauern, O.D. (1918): Patasiwa und patalima, vom molukkeneiland ceran andseinen bewohnern. Leipzig: R. Voigtlander.
  • Taufa, T. (1974): Sago haemolytic disease. Papua New Guinea Med. J. 17, 227–228.
  • Tie, Y.L. & Lim, C.P. (1977): Lowland peat soils for sago growing in Sarawak. In Sago 76, Papers of the First International Sago Symposium, The equatorial swamp as a natural resource, ed K. Tan, Kuching, Malaysia.
  • Toft, S. (1980): A social survey of the Pawaia of the Upper Purari river. Purari River (Wabo) Hydroelectric Scheme Environmental Studies, Vol. 12, ed T. Petr. Office of Environment and Conservation, Waigani, and Department of Minerals and Energy, Konedobu, Papua New Guinea.
  • Townsend, P.K. (1974): Sago production in a New Guinea economy. Hum. EcoL 2, 217–236.
  • Townsend, P.K. (1977): The cultural ecology of sago in New Guinea. In Sago 76, Papers of the First International Sago Symposium, The equatorial swamp as a natural resource, ed K. Tan, Kuching, Malaysia.
  • Townsend, P.K. (1982): A review of recent and needed research. In Sago research in Papua New Guinea. Institute of Applied Social and Economic Research, Discussion Paper No. 44, Boroko, Papua New Guinea.
  • Ulijaszek, S.J. (1980): Sago, subsistence and agriculture in a coastal Elema community of Gulf Province, dietary considerations. Report of the Gulf Provincial Nutritionist, Kerema, Papua New Guinea.
  • Ulijaszek, SJ. & Poraituk, S.P. (1981): The sago subsistence of the people of the Purari river delta. Purari River (Wabo) Hydroelectric Scheme Environmental Studies, Vol. 19. ed A.B. Viner. Office of Environment and Conservation, Waigani, and Department of Minerals and Energy, Konedobu, Papua New Guinea.
  • Ulijaszek, SJ. (1982): Nutritional status of a sago-eating community in the Purari delta, Gulf Province. In Sago research in Papua New Guinea. Institute of Applied Social and Economic Research, Discussion Paper No. 44, Boroko, Papua New Guinea.
  • Van Amelsvoort, V.F. (1964): Culture, Stone Age and modern medicine. Assen: Van Gorcum.
  • Vriens, A. & Boelaars, J. (1971): An overview of the primitive economy of the Aawju people of the Mappi area along the Bamgi and Ia rivers. In An Asmat sketch book. ed F.A. Trekenschuh, 3, 43–74.
  • Wallace, A.R. (1885): The Malay Archipelago. New York: Harper and Bros.
  • Wester, PJ. (1924): The food plants of the Philippines. Bureau of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bulletin No. 39, Manila.
  • Wheatley, J.G.G. (1894): Sago cultivation in North Borneo. London: Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information.
  • Whiting, J.W. & Reed, S.W. (1938): Kwoma culture. Oceania, 9, 170–216.
  • Williams, F.E. (1930): Orokaiva society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Williams, F.E. (1963): Papuans of the Trans-Fly. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Williams, F.E. (1940): Drama of Orokolo, the social and ceremonial life of the Elema. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Yen, D.E. (1974): Arboriculture in the subsistence of Santa Cruz, Solomon Islands. Econ Bot, 28, 247–284.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.