Combustion of waste chocolate oil biofuel in a diesel engine

References

• Bari, S, T. H. Lim, and C. W. Yu. 2002. “Effects of Preheating of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) on Injection System, Performance and Emission of a Diesel Engine.” Renewable Energy 27 (3): 339–351. doi: 10.1016/S0960-1481(02)00010-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, Ting-Huan, and Hsin-Mei Su. 2010. “The Substitutive Effect of Biofuels on Fossil Fuels in the Lower and Higher Crude Oil Price Periods.” Energy 35 (7): 2807–2813. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.03.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crolla, David A. ed. 2009. Automotive Engineering Powertrain, Chassis System and Vehicle Body. UK: Elsevier Science.
   Google Scholar
• Dmytryshyn, S. L., A. K. Dalai, S. T. Chaudhari, H. K. Mishra, and M. J. Reaney. 2004. “Synthesis and Characterization of Vegetable Oil Derived Esters: Evaluation for their Diesel Additive Properties.” Bioresource Technology 92: 55–64. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2003.07.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ecotec. 2012. Accessed February 1, 2012. http://www.biotruck.co.uk/media/report/Biotruck%20Emissions%20Savings%20Final%20Analysis%2022%20Feb%2008.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• García, A. E., R. J. Carmona, M. E. Lienqueo, and O. Salazar. 2011. “The Current Status of Liquid Biofuels in Chile.” Energy 36 (4), 2077–2084. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.06.005
   Google Scholar
• Govinda, R. Timilsina, and Ashish Shrestha. 2011. “How Much Hope Should We Have for Biofuels?” Energy 36 (4), 2055–2069. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.08.023
   Google Scholar
• Graboski, M. S, and R. L. McCormick. 1998. “Combustion of Fat and Vegetable Oil Derived Fuels in Diesel Engines.” Progress in Energy Combustion Science 24: 125–164. doi: 10.1016/S0360-1285(97)00034-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirano, A, R. Ueda, S. Hirayama, and Y. Ogushi. 1997. “CO2 Fixation and Ethanol Production with Microalgal Photosynthesis and Intracellular Anaerobic Fermentation.” Energy 22 (2–3): 137–142. doi: 10.1016/S0360-5442(96)00123-5
   Google Scholar
• Huang, G. H., F. Chen, D. Wei, and X. W. Zhang. 2010. “Chen G. Biodiesel Production by Microalgal Biotechnology.” Applied Energy 87 (1): 38–46. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.06.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, E., and J. R. Benemann. 1997. “Biological Fossil CO2 Mitigation.” Energy Conversion and Management 38 (1): S467–S473. doi: 10.1016/S0196-8904(96)00312-3
   Google Scholar
• Kadam K. L. 2002. “Environmental Implications of Power Generation via Coalmicroalgae Co-Firing.” Energy 27: 905–922. doi: 10.1016/S0360-5442(02)00025-7
   Google Scholar
• Keskin, A., M. Guru, and D. Altýparmak. 2007. “Biodiesel Production from Tall Oil with Synthesized Mn and Ni based Additives: Effects of the Additives on Fuel Consumption and Emissions.” Fuel 86: 1139–1143. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.10.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kromer, Matthew A., Anup Bandivadekar, and Christopher Evans. 2010. “Long-Term Greenhouse Gas Emission and Petroleum Reduction Goals: Evolutionary Pathways for the Light-Duty Vehicle Sector.” Energy 35 (1): 387–397. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2009.10.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labeckas, G., and S. Slavinskas. 2005. “Influence of Fuel Additives on Performance of Direct-Injection Diesel Engine and Exhaust Emissions When Operating on Shale Oil.” Energy Conversion and Management 46 (11–12): 1731–1744. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2004.09.001
   Google Scholar
• Marsh, G. 2009. “Small Wonders: Biomass from Algae.” Renewable Energy Focus 9 (7): 74–78. doi: 10.1016/S1755-0084(09)70046-8
   Google Scholar
• Mata, T. M., A. A. Martins, and N. S. Caetano. 2010. “Microalgae for Biodiesel Production and Other Applications: A Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (1): 217–232. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathews, J. A. 2008. “Carbon-Negative Biofuels.” Energy Policy 36 (3): 940–945. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2007.11.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packer, M. 2009. “Algal Capture of Carbon Dioxide; Biomass Generation as a Tool for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation with Reference to New Zealand Energy Strategy and Policy.” Energy Policy 37 (9): 3428–3437. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell, E. E. and G. A. Hill. 2010. “Carbon Dioxide Neutral, Integrated Biofuel Facility.” Energy 35 (12), 4582–4586. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.02.029
   Google Scholar
• Qi, D. H., L. M. Geng, H. Chen, Y. Z. H. Bian, J. Liu, and X. C. H. Ren. 2009. “Combustion and Performance Evaluation of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Biodiesel Produced from Soybean Crude Oil.” Renewable Energy 34 (12): 2706–2713. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2009.05.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakopoulos, C. D., D. C. Rakopoulos, D. T. Hountalas, E. G. Giakoumis, and E. C. Andritsakis. 2008. “Performance and Emissions of Bus Engine using Blends of Diesel Fuel with Bio-Diesel of Sunflower or Cottonseed Oils Derived from Greek Feedstock.” Fuel 87: 147–157. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.04.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranade, D. R., T. Y. Yeole, K. K. Meher, R. V. Gadre, and S. H. Godbole. 1989. “Biogas from Solid Waste Originated During Biscuit and Chocolate Production: A Preliminary Study.” Biological Wastes 28 (2): 157–161. doi: 10.1016/0269-7483(89)90079-7
   Google Scholar
• Robles, M. A., M. P. A. González, C. L. Esteban, and G. E. Molina. 2009. “Biocatalysis: Towards Ever Greener Biodiesel Production.” Biotechnology Advances 27 (4): 398–408. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.10.008
   Google Scholar
• Ross, A. B., J. M. Jones, M. L. Kubacki, and T. Bridgeman. 2008. “Classification of Macroalgae as Fuel and its Thermochemical Behavior.” Bioresource Technology 99 (14): 6494–6504. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleh, H. E., and M. Y. E. Selim. 2010. “Shock Tube Investigation of Propane-Air Mixtures with a Pilot Diesel Fuel or Cotton Methyl Ester.” Fuel 89: 494–500. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.09.010
   Google Scholar
• Selim, M. Y. E. 2009. “Reducing the Viscosity of Jojoba Methyl Ester Diesel Fuel and Effects on Diesel Engine Performance and Roughness.” Energy Conversion and Management 50 (7): 1781–1788. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2009.03.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selim, M. Y. E., M. S. Radwan, M. Ismael, and H. E. Saleh. 2001. “Laminar Burning Velocity of Some New Coal Derived Fuels.” International Journal of Energy Sources 23 (4): 345–362. doi: 10.1080/009083101300110896
   Google Scholar
• Selim, M. Y. E., M. S. Radwan, and S. M. S. Elfeky. 2003. “Combustion of Jojoba Methyl Ester in an In-Direct Injection Diesel Engine.” Renewable Energy 28 (9): 1401–1420. doi: 10.1016/S0960-1481(02)00225-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selim, M. Y. E., H. E. Saleh, and M. S. Radwan. 2008. “Improving the Performance of Dual Fuel Engines Running on Natural Gas/LPG by Using Pilot Fuel Derived from Jojoba Seeds.” Renewable Energy 33: 1173–1185. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2007.07.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuping, Zou, Wu Yulong, Yang Mingde, Imdad Kaleem, Li Chun, and Junmao Tong. 2010. “Production and Characterization of Bio-Oil from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalgae Dunaliella Tertiolecta Cake.” Energy 35 (12), 5406–5411. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.07.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, S. P., and D. Singh. 2010. “Biodiesel Production Through the Use of Different Sources and Characterization of Oils and their Esters as the Substitute of Diesel: A Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (1): 200–216. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, D., J. Fu, and D. Shi. 2008. “Exploitation of Oil-Bearing Microalgae for Biodiesel.” Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 24 (3): 341–348. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2075(08)60016-3
   Google Scholar
• Tarwadi, S. J., and V. D. Chauhan. 1987. “Seaweed Biomass as a Source of Energy.” Energy 12 (5): 375–378. doi: 10.1016/0360-5442(87)90107-1
   Google Scholar
• Um, B. H., and Y. S. Kim. 2009. “Review: A Chance for Korea to Advance Algal-Biodiesel Technology.” Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 15 (1): 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2008.08.002
   Google Scholar