579
Views
66
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Annual and seasonal variations in tropospheric ozone concentrations around Varanasi

, &
Pages 4499-4514 | Received 12 Apr 2007, Accepted 21 Jan 2008, Published online: 17 Jul 2008

References

  • Agrawal , M. and Agrawal , S. B. 1990 . Effects of ozone exposure on enzymes and metabolites of nitrogen metabolism. . Scientia Horticulturae , 43 : 169 – 177 .
  • Agrawal , M. , Singh , B. , Rajput , M. , Marshall , F. and Bell , J. N. B. 2003 . Effect of air pollution on periurban agriculture: a case study. . Environmental Pollution , 126 : 323 – 329 .
  • Ashmore , M. R. 2005 . Assessing the future global impacts of ozone on vegetation. . Plant Cell and Environment , 28 : 949 – 964 .
  • Caballero , S. , Gallendo , N. , Varea , M. , Gil‐Molto , J. , Esclapez , R. , Pastor , C. and Crespo , J. 2007 . Spatial distribution of the tropospheric ozone concentration in a region located in the south of the Spanish Mediterranean basin. . Geophysical Research Abstracts , 9 : 03582
  • Cartalis , C. and Varotsos , C. 1994 . Surface ozone in Athens, Greece, at the beginning and at the end of the 20th century. . Atmospheric Environment , 28 : 3 – 8 .
  • Cooper , S. M. and Peterson , D. L. 2004 . Spatial distribution of tropospheric ozone in Western Washington, USA. . Environmental Pollution , 107 : 339 – 347 .
  • Coyle , M. , Flower , D. and Ashmore , M. R. 2003 . New directions: implications of increasing tropospheric background ozone concentrations for vegetation. . Atmospheric Environment , 37 : 153 – 154 .
  • Danalatos , D. and Glaves , S. 1996 . Diurnal and seasonal variations of surface ozone in a Mediterranean coastal site, Patras, Greece. . Science of the Total Environment , 177 : 291 – 301 .
  • Danielson , E. F. and Mohnen , V. A. 1997 . Project dust storm report: ozone transport, in situ measurements and meteorological analysis of tropopause folding. . Journal of Geophysical Research , 82 : 5867 – 5877 .
  • Davison , A. W. and Barnes , J. D. 1998 . Impact of ozone on wild plants. . New Phytologist , 139 : 135 – 151 .
  • Dibbs , J. E. , Talbat , R. W. , Scheuer , E. , Seid , G. , DeBell , L. , Lefer , B. and Ridley , B. 2003 . Stratospheric influence on the northern North American free troposphere during TOPSE: 7Be as a stratospheric tracer. . Journal of Geophysical Research , 108 (D4) : 8363 – 8371 .
  • EEA . 1999 . Environment in the European Union at the Turn of the Century , Copenhagen : European Environmental Agency . Environmental assessment report No. 2
  • EPA . 1993 . Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants Vol. I‐III. External Review Drafts. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. (EPA‐6001P‐93‐004 aF‐cF)
  • EPA . 1996 . Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants US Environmental Protection Agency, Office for research and development, National Centre for Environmental Alienment, Washington, D.C
  • Faiz , A. 2000 . New directions: air pollution and road traffic in developing countries. . Atmospheric Environment , 34 : 4745 – 4746 .
  • Fangmeirer , A. , Kanbach , F. and Jager , H. J. 1993 . Response of wheat photosynthesis to ozone: exposure response relationships achieved in greenhouse chamber fumigations. . Angewandte Botanik , 67 : 199 – 203 .
  • Fuhrer , J. 1994 . “ The critical level for ozone to protect agricultural crops – an assessment of data from European open top chamber experiments. ” . In Critical Levels for Ozone , Edited by: Fuhrer , J and Achermann , B . 42 – 57 . Berne‐Liebefeld : Swiss Federal Research Station for Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Hyglerie . UNECE Workshop Report
  • Fuhrer , J. and Booker , F. 2003 . Ecological issues related to ozone: agricultural issues. . Environment International , 29 : 141 – 154 .
  • Fuhrer , J. , Skarby , L. and Ashmore , M. R. 1997 . Critical levels for ozone effects on vegetation in Europe. . Environmental Pollution , 97 : 91 – 106 .
  • Fumagalli , I. , Gimeno , B. S. , Velissario , D. , De Temmermen , L. and Mills , G. 2001 . Evidence of ozone induced adverse effects on crops in the Mediterranean region. . Atmospheric Environment , 35 : 2583 – 2587 .
  • Fumagalli , I. , Mignanego , L. and Mills , G. 2003 . Ozone monitoring with clover clones: yield loss and carry over effects under high ambient ozone levels in Northern Italy. . Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment , 95 : 119 – 128 .
  • Ghim , Y. S. and Chang , Y. S. 2000 . Characteristics of ground level ozone distributions in Korea for the period of 1990–1995. . Journal of Geophysical Research , 105 : 8877 – 8890 .
  • INDIAN STATISTICAL DATA, 2005, http://www.indiastut.com/india/ShowData.asp?secid = 225ptid = 2&level = 2 (http://www.indiastut.com/india/ShowData.asp?secid=225ptid=2&level=2) .
  • Ishii , S. , Marshall , F. M. and Bell , J. N. B. 2004 . Physiological and morphological responses of locally grown Malaysian rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) to different ozone concentrations. . Water Air and Soil Pollution , 155 : 205 – 221 .
  • Jain , S. L. , Arya , B. C. , Kumar , A. , Ghude , S. D. and Kulkarni , P. S. 2005 . Observational study of surface ozone at New Delhi, India. . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 26 : 3515 – 3524 .
  • Karnosky , D. F. , Pregitzer , K. S. , Zak , D. R. , Kubiska , N. E. , Hendrey , G. R. , Weinstein , D. , Nosal , M. and Percy , K. E. 2005 . Scaling ozone responses of forest trees to the ecosystem level in a changing climate. . Plant Cell and Environment , 28 : 965 – 981 .
  • Khemani , L. T. , Momin , G. A. , Rao , P. S. P. , Vijaykumar , R. and Safai , P. D. 1995 . Study of surface ozone behaviour at urban and forested sites in India. . Atmospheric Environment , 29 : 2021 – 2024 .
  • Kim , J. H. , Lee , H. J. and Lee , S. H. 2006 . The characteristic of tropospheric ozone seasonally observed from ozone soundings at Pohang, Korea. . Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , 118 : 1 – 12 .
  • Kondratyev , K. Y. and Varotsos , C. 2001a . Global tropospheric ozone dynamics. Part I: Troposopheric ozone precursors. . Environmental Science and Pollution Research , 8 : 57 – 62 .
  • Kondratyev , K. Y. and Varotsos , C. 2001b . Global tropospheric ozone dynamics. Part II: Numerical modelling of tropospheric ozone variability. . Environmental Science and Pollution Research , 8 : 113 – 119 .
  • Kondratyev , K. Y. and Varotsos , C. 2002 . Remote sensing and global tropospheric ozone observed dynamics. . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 23 : 159 – 178 .
  • Lal , S. , Naja , M. and Subbaraya , B. H. 2000 . Seasonal variations in surface ozone and its precursors over an urban site in India. . Atmospheric Environment , 34 : 2713 – 2724 .
  • Lee , Y. C. , Calori , G. , Hills , P. and Carmichael , G. R. 2002 . Ozone episodes in urban Hong Kong 1994–1999. . Atmospheric Environment , 36 : 1957 – 1968 .
  • Levy , M. , Mahlman , J. D. , Moxim , W. J. and Lin , S. C. 1985 . Tropospheric ozone: the role of transport. . Journal of Geophysical Research , 90 : 3753 – 3772 .
  • Marenco , A. H. , Gouget , P. N. and Pages , J. P. 1994 . Evidence of a long term increase in tropospheric ozone from Pic Du Midi data series, consequences, positive radiative forcing. . Journal of Geophysical Research , 99 : 166 – 177 .
  • Monks , P. S. 2000 . A review of the observations and origins of the spring ozone maximum. . Atmospheric Environment , 34 : 3545 – 3561 .
  • Musselman , R. C. and Massman , W. J. 1999 . Ozone flux to vegetation and its relationship to plant response and ambient air quality standards. . Atmospheric Environment , 33 : 65 – 73 .
  • Ollerenshaw , J. H. , Lyons , T. and Barnes , J. D. 1999 . Impacts of ozone on growth and yield of field grown oilseed rape. . Environmental Pollution , 104 : 53 – 57 .
  • Pandey , J. and Agrawal , M. 1992 . Ozone: concentration variabilities in a seasonally dry tropical climate. . Environment International , 18 : 515 – 520 .
  • PTL/AQ, 2000, Phare Topic Link on Air Quality (PTL/AQ) Ozone Exceedances Summary Table, Summer Season 2000 , Available online at: www.chmi.ez/uoco/isko/ptl/about.html .
  • Rajput , M. and Agrawal , M. 2004 . Physiological and yield response of peaplants to ambient air pollution. . Indian Journal of Plant Physiology , 9 : 9 – 14 .
  • Reinert , R. A. , Eason , G. and Barton , J. 1997 . Growth and fruiting of tomato as influenced by elevated CO2 and O3. . New Phytologist , 137 : 411 – 420 .
  • Saraf , N. and Beig , G. 2004 . Long term trends in tropospheric O3 over the Indian tropical region. . Geophysical Research Letters , 31 : L05101 (doi: 10.1029/2003GL018516)
  • Singh , A. , Sarin , S. M. , Shanmugam , P. , Sharma , N. , Attri , A. K. and Jain , V. K. 1997 . Ozone distribution in the urban environment of Delhi during winter months. . Atmospheric Environment , 31 : 3421 – 3427 .
  • Smidt , S. and Herman , F. 2004 . Evaluation of air pollution related risks for Austrian mountain forests. . Environmental Pollution , 130 : 99 – 112 .
  • Subbaraya , B. H. , Lal , S. , Modh , K. S. and Naja , M. Monitoring of surface ozone at Ahemedabad. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Regional Environment and Climate Changes in East Asia, . November–December 1994 , Taipei, Taiwan. pp. 195 – 198 .
  • Tiwari , S. , Agrawal , M. and Marshall , F. 2006 . Evaluation of ambient air pollution impact on carrot plants at a suburban site using open top chambers. . Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , 119 : 1 – 15 .
  • van Tienhoven , A. M. , Zunckel , M. , Emberson , L. , Koosailee , A. and Otter , L. 2006 . Preliminary assessment of risks of ozone impacts to maize (Zea mays) in Southern Africa. . Environmental Pollution , 140 : 220 – 230 .
  • Varotsos , C. , Alexandris , D. , Chronopolus , G. and Tzanis , C. 2001a . Aircraft observations of the solar ultraviolet irradiance throughout the troposphere. . Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres , 106 : 14843 – 14854 .
  • Varotsos , C. , Cartalis , C. , Vlamakis , A. , Tzanis , C. and Keramitsoglou , I. 2004 . The long term coupling between column ozone and tropopause properties. . Journal of Climate , 17 : 3843 – 3854 .
  • Varotsos , C. , Efstathiou , M. N. and Kondratyev , K. Y. 2003 . Long term variation in surface ozone and its precursors in Athens, Greece. A forecasting tool. . Environmental Science and Pollution Research , 10 : 19 – 23 .
  • Varotsos , C. , Kondratyev , K. Y. and Efstathiou , M. 2001b . On the seasonal variations of surface ozone in Athens, Greece. . Atmospheric Environment , 35 : 315 – 320 .
  • Varotsos , C. , Ondov , J. and Efstathiou , M. 2005 . Scaling properties of air pollution in Athens, Greece and Baltimore, Maryland. . Atmospheric Environment , 39 : 4041 – 4047 .
  • Varshney , C. K. and Aggarwal , M. 1992 . Ozone pollution in the urban atmosphere of Delhi. . Atmospheric Environment , 26 : 291 – 294 .
  • Vingarzan , R. 2004 . A review of surface ozone background levels and trends. . Atmospheric Environment , 38 : 3431 – 3442 .
  • Wahid , A. 2006a . Influence of atmospheric pollutants on agriculture in developing countries: a case study with three new wheat varieties in Pakistan. . Science of the Total Environment , 371 : 304 – 313 .
  • Wahid , A. 2006b . Productivity losses in barley attributable to ambient atmospheric pollutants in Pakistan. . Atmospheric Environment , 40 : 5342 – 5354 .
  • Wahid , A. , Maggs , R. , Shamsi , S. R. A. , Bell , J. N. B. and Ashmore , M. R. 1995a . Air pollution and its impacts on wheat yield in Pakistan Punjab. . Environmental Pollution , 88 : 147 – 154 .
  • Wahid , A. , Maggs , R. , Shamsi , S. R. A. , Bell , J. N. B. and Ashmore , M. R. 1995b . Effect of air pollution on rice yield in Pakistan Punjab. . Environmental Pollution , 90 : 323 – 329 .
  • Wakamatsu , S. , Itsushi , U. , Toshimasa , O. and Kenneth , S. L. 1999 . A study of the relationship between photochemical ozone and its precursor emissions of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons in Tokyo and surrounding areas. . Atmospheric Environment , 33 : 3097 – 3108 .
  • Wang , X. and Mauzerall , D. L. 2004 . Characterizing distribution of tropospheric ozone and its impacts on grain production in China, Japan and South Korea: 1990 and 2000. . Atmospheric Environment , 38 : 4348 – 4402 .
  • Yamaji , K. , Ohara , T. , Uno , I. , Tanimoto , H. , Kurokawa , J. and Akimoto , H. 2006 . Analysis of seasonal variation of ozone in the boundary layer in East Asia using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model: what controls surface ozone level over Japan? . Atmospheric Environment , 40 : 1856 – 1868 .
  • Zheng , Y. , Stevenson , K. J. , Barrowcliffe , R. , Chen , S. , Wang , H. and Barnes , J. D. 1998 . Ozone levels in Chongqing: a potential threat to crop plant commonly grown in the region? . Environmental Pollution , 99 : 299 – 308 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.