A first attempt at assimilating microwave-derived SST to improve the predictive capability of a coupled, high-resolution Eta-POM forecasting system

References

• Antoine , J. Y. , Derrien , M. , Harang , L. , Borgne , P. , Le Gleau , H. and Le Goas , C. 1992 . Errors at large satellite zenith angles on AVHRR derived sea surface temperatures . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 13 : 1797 – 1804 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbelo , M. , Hernandez-Leal , P. , Diaz , J. P. , Exposito , F. J. and Herrera , F. 2000 . Efficiency of a global algorithm for retrieving SST from satellite data in a subtropical region . Advances in Space Research , 25 : 1041 – 1044 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barton , I. J. 1995 . Satellite-derived sea surface temperatures: Current status . Journal of Geophysical Research , 100 : 8777 – 8790 . C5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell , M. J. , Forbes , R. M. and Hines , A. 2000 . Assessment of a global data assimilation system for real-time operational ocean forecasting . Journal of Marine Systems , 25 : 1 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumberg , A. F. and Mellor , G. L. 1987 . “ A description of a three-dimensional coastal ocean circulation model ” . In Three-dimensional Coastal Ocean Models. Coastal Estuarine Science , Edited by: Heaps , N. H. Vol. 4 , 1 – 16 . Washington, DC : AGU .
   Google Scholar
• Brasseur , P. , Beckers , J. M. , Brankart , J. M. and Schoenauen , R. 1996 . Seasonal temperature and salinity fields in the Mediterranean Sea: Climatological analysis of a historical data set . Deep Sea Research , 43 : 159 – 192 .
   Google Scholar
• Chassignet , E. P. , Bell , M. J. , Brasseur , P. , Evensen , G. , Griffies , M. , Hurlburt , H. E. , Leprovost , C. , Madec , G. , McClean , J. , Verrron , J. and Wallcraft , A. J. November 2004 . “ The modeling component of ocean forecasting ” . In The Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment Second Symposium , November , 1 – 3 . USA : St Petersburg FL .
   Google Scholar
• Coll , C. , Caselles , V. , Sobrino , J. A. and Valor , E. 1994 . On the atmospheric dependence of the split-window equation for land surface temperature . International Journal on Remote Sensing , 15 : 105 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezer , T. 2000 . On the seasonal mixed-layer simulated by a basin-scale ocean model and the Mellor-Yamada turbulence scheme . Journal of Geophysical Research , 105 : 16843 – 16855 . C7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezer , T. and Mellor , G. L. 1997 . Data assimilation experiments in the Gulf stream region: How useful are satellite-derived data for nowcasting the subsurface fields? . Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology , 14 : 1379 – 1391 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gascard , J.-C. 1978 . Mediterranean deep water formation baroclinic instability and oceanic eddies . Oceanologica Acta , 1 : 315 – 330 .
   Google Scholar
• Gavart , M. , De Mey , P. and Caniaux , G. 1999 . Assimilation of satellite altimeter data in a primitive-equation model of the Azores-Madeira region . Dynamics of the Atmosphere and Oceans , 29 : 217 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentemann , C. L. , Wentz , F. J. , Mears , C. A. and Smith , D. K. 2004 . In situ validation of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission microwave sea surface temperatures . Journal of Geophysical Research , 109 : C04021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GHRSST-PP . . Report of the 6th GODAE High resolution SST Pilot Project Science Team Meeting, Met Office, Exeter, UK, 14–20 May 2005 . GHRSST-PP Report: GHRSST/21 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoke , J. E. and Anthes , R. A. 1976 . The initialisation of numerical models by a dynamic initialisation technique . Monthly Weather Review , 104 : 1551 – 1556 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horton , C. , Clifford , M. , Schmitz , J. and Kantha , L. H. 1997 . A real time oceanographic nowcast/forecast system for the Mediterranean Sea . Journal of Geophysical Research , 102 : 123 – 125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janjic , Z. I. 1990 . The step-mountain coordinate: physical package . Monthly Weather Review , 118 : 1429 – 1443 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janjic , Z. I. 1994 . The step-mountain Eta coordinate model: further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer and turbulence closure schemes . Monthly Weather Review , 122 : 927 – 945 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanamitsu , M. 1989 . Description of the NMC Global Data Assimilation and Forecast System . Weather and Forecasting , 4 : 335 – 342 .
   Google Scholar
• Kriebel , K. T. 1996 . “ Cloud detection using AVHRR data ” . In Advances in the Use of NOAA AVHRR Data for Land Application , Edited by: D'Souza , G. , Belward , A. S. and Malingreau , J. P. 195 – 210 . Brussels and Luxembourg : ECS, EEC, EAEC .
   Google Scholar
• Lermusiaux , P. F.J. and Robinson , A. R. 2001 . Features of dominant mesoscale variability, circulation patterns and dynamics in the Strait of Sicily . Deep-Sea Research , 48 : 1953 – 1997 . Part I
   Google Scholar
• Li , X. , Pichel , W. , Maturi , E. , Clemente-Colon , P. and Sapper , J. 2001 . Deriving the operational non-linear multichannel sea surface temperature algorithm coefficients for NOAA-15 AVHRR/3 . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 22 : 699 – 704 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathew , K. , Nagarani , C. M. and Kirankumar , A. S. 2001 . Split-window and multi-angle methods of sea surface temperature determination: an analysis . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 22 : 3237 – 3251 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellor, G.L., 2004, Users' guide for a three-dimensional primitive equation, numerical ocean model. Progress in Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Princeton University. Available online at http://www.aos.princeton.edu/WWWPUBLIC/htdocs.pom/FTPbackup/usersguide0604.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mesinger , F. , Janjic , Z. I. , Nickovic , S. , Gavrilov , D. and Deaven , D. G. 1988 . The step-mountain coordinate: model description and performance for cases of Alpine lee cyclogenesis and for a case of an Appalachian redevelopment . Monthly Weather Review , 116 : 1493 – 1518 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nittis , K. , Zervakis , V. , Perivoliotis , L. , Papadopolous , A. and Chronis , G. 2001 . Operational monitoring and forecasting in the Aegean Sea: System limitations and forecasting skill evaluation . Marine Pollution Bulletin , 43 : 154 – 163 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onken , R. , Robinson , A. R. , Lermusiaux , P. F.J. , Haley , P. J. and Anderson , L. A. 2003 . Data-driven simulations of synoptic circulation and transports in the Tunisia-Sardinia-Sicily region . Journal of Geophysical Research , 108 : 8123 – 8136 . C9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson , A. R. and Golnaraghi , M. 1994 . “ Physical and dynamical oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea ” . In Ocean Processes in Climate Dynamics: Global and Mediterranean Examples , Edited by: Malanotte-Rizzoli , P. and Robinson , A. R. 255 – 306 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Robinson , A. R. and Lermusiaux , P. F.J. 2001 . “ Data assimilation in models ” . In Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences , Edited by: Steele , J. H. , Thorpe , S. A. and Turekian , K. K. 623 – 634 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Robinson , A. R. , Theocharis , A. , Lascaratos , A. and Leslie , W. G. 2001 . “ Mediterranean Sea circulation ” . In Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences , Edited by: Steele , J. H. , Thorpe , S. A. and Turekian , K. K. 1689 – 1706 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smagorinsky , J. 1963 . General circulation experiments with the primitive equations, I: The basic experiment . Monthly Weather Review , 91 : 99 – 164 .
   Google Scholar
• Steyn-Ross , M. L. , Steyn-Ross , D. A. and Jelenak , A. 1999 . Comparison of atmospheric correction algorithms for deriving sea surface temperature from AVHRR . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 20 : 3515 – 3531 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobrino , J. A. , Li , L. Z. and Stoll , M. P. 1993 . Impact of the atmospheric transmittance and total water vapour content in the algorithms for estimating sea surface temperature . IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , 31 : 946 – 952 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu , P. and Haines , K. 1996 . Modeling the dispersal of Levantine Intermediate Water and its role in the Mediterranean deep water formation . Journal of Geophysical Research , 101 : 3261 – 3271 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar