A Monte Carlo radiative transfer model of satellite waveform LiDAR

References

• Abshire , J. , Sun , X. , Riris , H. , Sirota , J. , McGarry , J. , Palm , S. , Yi , D. and Liiva , P. 2005 . Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on the ICESat mission: on-orbit measurement performance . Geophysical Research Letters , 32 : L21S02
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alton , P.B. , North , P. , Kaduk , J. and Los , S.O. 2005 . Radiative transfer modelling of direct and diffuse sunlight in a Siberian pine forest . Journal of Geophysical Research , 110 : D23209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alton , P. , Mercado , L. and North , P. 2007 . A sensitivity analysis of the land-surface scheme JULES conducted for three forest biomes: biophysical parameters, model processes, and meteorological driving data . Global Biogeochemical Cycles , 20 : GB1008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barton , C.V.M. and North , P.R.J. 2001 . Remote sensing of canopy light use efficiency using the photochemical reflectance index: model and sensitivity analysis . Remote Sensing of Environment , 78 : 164 – 273 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd , D.S. and Danson , F.M. 2005 . Satellite remote sensing of forest resources: three decades of research development . Progress in Physical Geography , 29 : 1 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner , A. , Zwally , H. , Bentley , C. , Csatho , B. , Harding , D. , Hofton , M. , Minster , J.-B. , Roberts , L. , Saba , J. , Thomas , R. and Yi , D. 2003 . Derivation of Range and Range Distributions from Laser Pulse Waveform Analysis for Surface Elevations, Roughness, Slope and Vegetation Heights , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center . Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document Version 4.1
   Google Scholar
• Dawson , T.P. , North , P.R.J. , Plummer , S.E. and Curran , P.J. 2003 . Forest ecosystem chlorophyll content: implications for remotely sensed estimates of net primary productivity . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 24 : 611 – 617 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Disney , M.I. , Lewis , P. and North , P.R.J. 2000 . Monte Carlo ray tracing in optical canopy reflectance modelling . Remote Sensing Reviews , 18 : 197 – 226 .
   Google Scholar
• Disney , M.I. , Lewis , P. and Saich , P. 2006 . 3D modelling of forest canopy structure for remote sensing simulations in the optical and microwave domains . Remote Sensing of Environment , 100 : 114 – 132 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubayah , R.O. and Drake , J.B. 2000 . Lidar remote sensing for forestry . Journal of Forestry , 98 : 44 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Govaerts , Y.M. and Verstraete , M.M. 1998 . Raytran: a Monte Carlo ray-tracing model to compute light scattering in three-dimensional heterogeneous media . IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , 36 : 493 – 505 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harding , D. and Carabajal , C. 2005 . ICESat waveform measurements of within-footprint topographic relief and vegetation vertical structure . Geophysical Research Letters , 32 : L21S10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , R.A. and Thompson , A.G. 2005 . Mapping woodland species composition and structure using airborne spectral and LiDAR data . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 26 : 3763 – 3779 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , R.A. , Smith , G.M. , Fuller , R.M. and Veitch , N. 2002 . Landscape modelling using integrated airborne multi-spectral and laser scanning data . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 23 : 2327 – 2334 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houldcroft , C.J. , Grey , W.M.F. , Barnsley , M. , Taylor , C.M. , Los , S.O. and North , P.R.J. 2009 . New vegetation parameters and global fields of background albedo derived from MODIS for use in a climate model . Journal of Hydrometeorology , 10 : 183 – 198 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchison , B.A. , Matt , D.R. , McMillen , R.T. , Gross , L.J. , Tajchman , S.J. and Norman , J.M. 1986 . The architecture of a deciduous forest canopy in Eastern Tennessee, U.S.A . Journal of Ecology , 74 : 635 – 646 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimes , D.S. , Newcomb , W.W. , Nelson , R.F. and Schutt , J.B. 1986 . Directional reflectance distributions of a hardwood and pine forest canopy . IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , 24 : 281 – 293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koetz , B. , Morsdorf , F. , Sun , G. , Ranson , K.J. , Itten , K. and Allgower , B. 2006 . Inversion of a Lidar waveform model for forest biophysical parameter estimation . IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters , 3 : 49 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koetz , B. , Sun , G. , Morsdorf , F. , Ranson , K.J. , Kneubühler , M. , Itten , K. and Allgöwer , B. 2007 . Fusion of imaging spectrometer and LiDAR data over combined radiative transfer models for forest canopy characterization . Remote Sensing of Environment , 106 : 449 – 459 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotchenova , S.Y. , Shabanov , N.V. , Knyazikhin , Y. , Davis , A.B. , Dubayah , R. and Myneni , R.B. 2003 . Modeling lidar waveforms with time-dependent stochastic radiative transfer theory for remote estimations of forest structure . Journal of Geophysical Research , 108 : 4484
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefsky , M. , Harding , D. , Keller , M. , Cohen , W. , Carabajal , C. , Del Bom Espirito-Santo , F. , Hunter , M. , De Oliveira , R. Jr and De Camargo , P. 2005 . Estimates of forest canopy height and aboveground biomass using ICESat . Geophysical Research Letters , 32 : L22S02
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas , R.M. , Lee , A.C. and Williams , M.L. 2006 . Enhanced simulation of radar backscatter from forests using LiDAR and optical data . IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , 44 : 2736 – 2754 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , R. 2010 . Model effects on GLAS-based regional estimates of forest biomass and carbon . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 31 : 1343 – 1358 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ni-Meister , W. , Jupp , D.L.B. and Dubayah , R. 2001 . Modeling lidar waveforms in heterogeneous and discrete canopies . IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , 39 : 1943 – 1958 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• North , P.R.J. 1996 . Three-dimensional forest light interaction model using a Monte Carlo method . IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , 34 : 946 – 956 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• North , P.R.J. 2002 . Estimation of fAPAR, LAI and vegetation fractional cover from ATSR-2 imagery . Remote Sensing of Environment , 80 : 114 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NSIDC, 2003, ICESat/ GLAS Data at NSIDC. National Snow and Ice Data Center. http://nsidc.org/daac/icesat/
   Google Scholar
• Patenaude , G. , Hill , R.A. , Milne , R. , Rowland , C.S. and Dawson , T.P. 2004 . Quantifying forest above ground carbon content using LiDAR remote sensing . Remote Sensing of Environment , 93 : 368 – 380 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platt , C.M.R. 1981 . Remote sounding of high clouds. III: Monte Carlo calculations of multiple-scattered lidar returns . Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , 38 : 156 – 167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prieto-Blanco , A. , North , P.R.J. , Fox , N. and Barnsley , M.J. 2009 . Satellite-driven modelling of Net Primary Productivity (NPP): theoretical analysis . Remote Sensing of Environment , 113 : 137 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosette , J.A.B. , North , P.R.J. and Suárez , J.C. 2008a . Vegetation height estimates for a mixed temperate forest using satellite laser altimetry . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 29 : 1475 – 1493 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosette , J.A. , North , P.R.J. and Suárez , J.C. 2008b . Satellite lidar estimation of stemwood volume: a method using waveform decomposition . Photogrammetric Journal of Finland , 21 : 76 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Rosette , J.A. , North , P.R.J. , Suárez , J.C. and Armston , J.D. 2009 . A comparison of biophysical parameter retrieval for forestry using airborne and satellite LiDAR . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 30 : 5229 – 5237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosette , J.A. , North , P.R. J. , Suárez , J. and Los , S.O. 2010 . Uncertainty within satellite LiDAR estimations of vegetation and topography . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 31 : 1325 – 1342 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , J.K. and Marshak , A.L. 1991 . “ Monte Carlo methods ” . In Photon–Vegetation Interactions , Edited by: Myneni , R. and Ross , J. 441 – 467 . New York, NY : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Schutz , B. , Zwally , H. , Shuman , C. , Hancock , D. and Dimarzio , J. 2005 . Overview of the ICESat mission . Geophysical Research Letters , 32 : L21S01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sellers , P.J. , Los , S.O. , Tucker , C.J. , Justice , C.O. , Dazlich , D.A. , Collatz , G.J. and Randall , D.A. 1996 . A revised land surface parameterization (SiB-2) for atmospheric GCMs. Part 2: the generation of global fields of terrestrial biophysical parameters from satellite data . Journal of Climate , 9 : 706 – 737 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun , G. and Ranson , K.J. 2000 . Modeling lidar returns from forest canopies . IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , 38 : 2617 – 2626 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun , G. , Ranson , K.J. , Masek , J. , Guo , Z. , Pang , Y. , Fu , A. and Wang , D. 2008 . Estimation of tree height and forest biomass from GLAS data . Journal of Forest Planning , 13 : 157 – 164 .
   Google Scholar
• Widlowski , J.-L. , Taberner , M. , Pinty , B. , Bruniquel-Pinel , V. , Disney , M. , Fernandes , R. , Gastellu-Etchegorry , J.-P. , Gobron , N. , Kuusk , A. , Lavergne , T. , Leblanc , S. , Lewis , P.E. , Martin , E. , Mottus , M. , North , P.R.J. , Qin , W. , Robustelli , M. , Rochdi , N. , Ruiloba , R. , Soler , C , Thompson , R. , Verhoef , W. and Verstraete , M.M. 2007 . Third radiation transfer model intercomparison (RAMI) exercise: documenting progress in canopy reflectance models . Journal of Geophysical Research , 112 : D09111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widlowski , J.-L. , Pinty , B. , Disney , M. , Gastellu-Etchegorry , J.-P. , Lavergne , T. , Lewis , P.E. , North , P.R. J. , Robustelli , M. , Thompson , R. and Verstraete , M.M. 2008 . The RAMI on-line model checker (ROMC): a web-based benchmarking facility for canopy reflectance models . Remote Sensing of Environment , 112 : 1144 – 1150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwally , H. , Schutz , B. , Abdalati , W. , Abshire , J. , Bentley , C. , Brenner , A. , Bufton , J. , Dezio , J. , Hancock , D. , Harding , D. , Herring , T. , Minster , B. , Quinn , K. , Palm , S. , Spinhirne , J. and Thomas , R. 2002 . ICESat's laser measurements of polar ice, atmosphere, ocean and land . Journal of Geodynamics , 34 : 405 – 445 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar