570
Views
29
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Modelling carbon fluxes of different forests by coupling a remote-sensing model with an ecosystem process model

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 6539-6567 | Received 29 May 2009, Accepted 23 Jun 2010, Published online: 22 Jul 2011

References

  • Aber , J.D. , Reich , P.B. and Goulden , M.L. 1996 . Extrapolating leaf CO2 exchange to the canopy: a generalized model of forest photosynthesis compared with measurements by eddy correlation . Oecologia , 106 : 257 – 265 .
  • Allen , R.G. , Pereira , L.S. , Raes , D. and Smith , M. , eds. 1998 . Crop evapotranspiration – guidelines for computing crop water requirements , Rome : FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations .
  • Barford , C.C. , Wofsy , S.C. , Goulden , M.L. , Munger , J.W. , Pyle , E.H. , Urbanski , S.P. , Hutyra , L. , Saleska , S.R. , Fitzjarrald , D. and Moore , K. 2001 . Factors controlling long- and short-term sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in a mid-latitude forest . Science , 294 : 1688 – 1691 .
  • Bouwman , A. , Fung , I. , Matthews , E. and John , J. 1993 . Global analysis of the potential for N2O production in natural soils . Global Biogeochemical Cycles , 7 : 557 – 597 .
  • Box , E.O. 1988 . Estimating the seasonal carbon source-sink geography of a natural, steady-state terrestrial biosphere . Journal of Applied Meteorology , 27 : 1109 – 1124 .
  • Cao , M.K. , Prince , S.D. and Shugart , H.H. 2002 . Increasing terrestrial carbon uptake from the 1980s to the 1990s with changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 . Global Biogeochemical Cycles , 16 doi: doi:10.1029/2001GB001553
  • Cao , M.K. , Prince , S.D. , Small , J. and Goetz , S. 2004 . Satellite remotely sensed interannual variability in terrestrial net primary productivity from 1980 to 2000 . Ecosystems , 7 : 233 – 242 .
  • Cao , M.K. , Prince , S.D. , Tao , B. , Small , J. and Li , K. 2005a . Regional pattern and interannual variations in global terrestrial carbon uptake in response to changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 . Tellus B , 57 : 210 – 217 .
  • Cao , M.K. and Woodward , F.I. 1998a . Dynamic responses of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling to global climate change . Nature , 393 : 249 – 252 .
  • Cao , M.K. and Woodward , F.I. 1998b . Net primary and ecosystem production and carbon stocks of terrestrial ecosystems and their response to climate change . Global Change Biology , 4 : 185 – 198 .
  • Cao , M.K. , Yu , G. , Liu , J. and Li , K. 2005b . Multi-scale observation and cross-scale mechanistic modeling on terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle . Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences , 48 : 17 – 32 .
  • Chen , J. , Liu , J. , Cihlar , J. and Goulden , M. 1999 . Daily canopy photosynthesis model through temporal and spatial scaling for remote sensing applications . Ecological Modelling , 124 : 99 – 119 .
  • Chen , W. , Chen , J. and Cihlar , J. 2000 . An integrated terrestrial ecosystem carbon-budget model based on changes in disturbance, climate and atmospheric chemistry . Ecological Modelling , 135 : 55 – 79 .
  • Cohen , W.B. , Maiersperger , T.K. , Yang , Z. , Gower , S.T. , Turner , D.P. , Ritts , W.D. , Berterretche , M. and Running , S.W. 2003 . Comparisons of land cover and LAI estimates derived from ETM+ and MODIS for four sites in North America: a quality assessment of 2000/2001 provisional MODIS products . Remote Sensing of Environment , 88 : 233 – 255 .
  • Collatz , G. , Ball , J. , Grivet , C. and Berry , J. 1991 . Physiological and environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration: a model that includes a laminar boundary layer . Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , 54 : 107 – 136 .
  • Farquhar , G. , Caemmerer , S. and Berry , J. 1980 . A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C3 species . Planta , 149 : 78 – 90 .
  • Fernandez , I. , Rustad , L. and Lawrence , G. 1993 . Estimating total soil mass, nutrient content and trace metals in soils under a low elevation spruce-fir forest . Canadian Journal of Soil Science , 73 : 317 – 328 .
  • Goetz , S.J. and Prince , S.D. 1999 . Modelling terrestrial carbon exchange and storage: evidence and implications of functional convergence in light-use efficiency . Advances in Ecological Research , 28 : 57 – 92 .
  • Goetz , S.J. , Prince , S.D. , Goward , S.N. , Thawley , M.M. and Small , J. 1999 . Satellite remote sensing of primary production: an improved production efficiency modelling approach . Ecological Modelling , 122 : 239 – 255 .
  • Goetz , S.J. , Prince , S.D. , Small , J. and Gleason , A.C.R. 2000 . Interannual variability of global terrestrial primary production: results of a model driven with satellite observations . Journal of Geophysical Research , 105 : 20077 – 20091 .
  • Goldstein , A.H. , Fan , S.M. , Goulden , M.L. , Munger , J.W. and Wofsy , S.C. 1996 . Emissions of ethene, propene, and 1-butene by a midlatitude forest . Journal of Geophysical Research , 101 : 9149 – 9157 .
  • Goulden , M.L. , Munger , J.W. , Fan , S.M. , Daube , B.C. and Wofsy , S.C. 1996a . CO2 exchange by a deciduous forest: response to interannual climate variability . Science , 271 : 1576 – 1578 .
  • Goulden , M.L. , Munger , J.W. , Fan , S.M. , Daube , B.C. and Wofsy , S.C. 1996b . Measurements of carbon sequestration by long-term eddy covariance: methods and a critical evaluation of accuracy . Global Change Biology , 2 : 169 – 182 .
  • Gu , F. 2006 . Mechanistic simulation of the key ecological processes of water and carbon cycles in typical terrestrial ecosystems and the comparisons with eddy flux measurements , Beijing, , China : PhD thesis, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences .
  • Hollinger , D.Y. , Aber , J. , Dail , B. , Davidson , E.A. , Goltz , S.M. , Hughes , H. , Leclerc , M.Y. , Lee , J.T. , Richardson , A.D. and Rodrigues , C. 2004 . Spatial and temporal variability in forest-atmosphere CO2 exchange . Global Change Biology , 10 : 1689 – 1706 .
  • Hollinger , D.Y. , Goltz , S.M. , Davidson , E.A. , Lee , J.T. , Tu , K. and Valentine , H.T. 1999 . Seasonal patterns and environmental control of carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange in an ecotonal boreal forest . Global Change Biology , 5 : 891 – 902 .
  • Hollinger , D.Y. and Richardson , A.D. 2005 . Uncertainty in eddy covariance measurements and its application to physiological models . Tree Physiology , 25 : 873 – 885 .
  • Hope , A. , Fleming , J. , Vourlitis , G. , Stow , D. , Oechel , W. and Hack , T. 1995 . Relating CO2 fluxes to spectral vegetation indices in tundra landscapes: importance of footprint definition . Polar Record , 31 : 245 – 250 .
  • Houborg , R. and Anderson , M. 2009 . Intercomparison of a ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’ modeling paradigm for estimating carbon and energy fluxes over a variety of vegetative regimes across the U.S . Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , 149 : 2162 – 2182 .
  • Houborg , R.M. and Soegaard , H. 2004 . Regional simulation of ecosystem CO2 and water vapor exchange for agricultural land using NOAA AVHRR and Terra MODIS satellite data. Application to Zealand, Denmark . Remote Sensing of Environment , 93 : 150 – 167 .
  • Hunt , E.R. Jr. and Running , S.W. 1992 . Simulated dry matter yields for aspen and spruce stands in the North American boreal forest . Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing , 18 : 126 – 133 .
  • IGBP Terrestrial Carbon Working Group . 1998 . The terrestrial carbon cycle: implications for the Kyoto Protocol . Science , 280 : 1393 – 1394 .
  • Jarvis , P.G. 1976 . The interpretations of the variations in leaf water potential and stomatal conductance found in canopies in the field . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B , 273 : 543 – 610 .
  • Justice , C.O. , Townshend , J.R.G. , Vermote , E.F. , Masuoka , E. , Wolfe , R.E. , Saleous , N. , Roy , D.P. and Morisette , J.T. 2002 . An overview of MODIS land data processing and product status . Remote Sensing of Environment , 83 : 3 – 15 .
  • Kimball , J.S. , Jones , L.A. , Zhang , K. , Heinsch , F.A. , McDonald , K.C. and Oechel , W.C. 2009 . A satellite approach to estimate land–atmosphere CO2 exchange for boreal and Arctic biomes using MODIS and AMSR-E . IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , 47 : 569 – 587 .
  • Kimball , J.S. , Thornton , P.E. , White , M.A. and Running , S.W. 1997 . Simulating forest productivity and surface–atmosphere carbon exchange in the BOREAS study region . Tree Physiology , 17 : 589 – 600 .
  • Knyazikhin , Y. , Martonchik , J. , Myneni , R. , Diner , D. and Running , S. 1998 . Synergistic algorithm for estimating vegetation canopy leaf area index and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation from MODIS and MISR data . Journal of Geophysical Research , 103 : 32257 – 32276 .
  • Kucharik , C.J. , Barforda , C.C. , Maayar , M.E. , Wofsy , S.C. , Monson , R.K. and Baldocchie , D.D. 2006 . A multiyear evaluation of a dynamic global vegetation model at three AmeriFlux forest sites: vegetation structure, phenology, soil temperature, and CO2 and H2O vapour exchange . Ecological Modelling , 196 : 1 – 31 .
  • Lee , X. 1998 . On micrometeorological observations of surface–air exchange over tall vegetation . Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , 91 : 39 – 49 .
  • Li , H. and McNulty , S.G. 2007 . Uncertainty analysis on simple mass balance model to calculate critical loads for soil acidity . Environmental Pollution , 149 : 315 – 326 .
  • Li , J.Y. and Yuan , X.H. 2001 . A comparative study on organic carbon storage in different land-use systems in red earth hilly area . Resources Science , 23 : 73 – 76 .
  • Li , X.R. , Liu , Q.J. , Cai , Z. and Ma , Z.Q. 2006 . Leaf area index measurement of Pinus elliotii plantation . Acta Ecologica Sinica , 26 : 4099 – 4105 .
  • Li , Z.Q. , Yu , G.R. , Wen , X.F. , Zhang , L.M. , Ren , C.Y. and Fu , Y.L. 2005 . Energy balance closure at ChinaFlux sites . Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences , 48 : 151 – 162 .
  • Liu , J. , Chen , J.M. , Cihlar , J. and Chen , W. 2002 . Net primary productivity mapped for Canada at 1-km resolution . Global Ecology and Biogeography , 11 : 115 – 129 .
  • Liu , J. , Chen , J.M. , Cihlar , J. and Park , W.M. 1997 . A process-based boreal ecosystem productivity simulator using remote sensing inputs . Remote Sensing of Environment , 62 : 158 – 175 .
  • Liu , Y.F. , Song , X. , Yu , G.R. , Sun , X.M. , Wen , X.F. and Chen , Y.R. 2005 . Seasonal variation of CO2 flux and its environmental factors in evergreen coniferous plantation . Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences , 48 : 123 – 132 .
  • Lloyd , J. and Farquhar , G. 1996 . The CO2 dependence of photosynthesis, plant growth responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and their interaction with soil nutrient status. I. General principles and forest ecosystems . Functional Ecology , 10 : 4 – 32 .
  • Massman , W. and Lee , X. 2002 . Eddy covariance flux corrections and uncertainties in long-term studies of carbon and energy exchanges . Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , 113 : 121 – 144 .
  • McGuire , A. , Melillo , J. , Kicklighter , D. and Joyce , L. 1995 . Equilibrium responses of soil carbon to climate change: empirical and process-based estimates . Journal of Biogeography , 22 : 785 – 796 .
  • McGuire , A. , Melillo , J. , Kicklighter , D. , Pan , Y. , Xiao , X. , Helfrich , J. , Moore III , B. , Vorosmarty , C. and Schloss , A. 1997 . Equilibrium responses of global net primary production and carbon storage to doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide: sensitivity to changes in vegetation nitrogen concentration . Global Biogeochemical Cycles , 11 : 173 – 189 .
  • McMichael , C. 1999 . Estimating CO2 exchange at two sites in Arctic tundra ecosystems during the growing season using a spectral vegetation index . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 20 : 683 – 698 .
  • Mintz , Y. and Serafini , Y. 1981 . Global fields of soil moisture and land surface evapotranspiration , 178 – 180 . NASA Technical Memorandum 83907, Research Review - 1980/1. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center .
  • Munger, J.W. and Wofsy S.C., 2009, AmeriFlux data archive. Available online at http://public.ornl.gov/ameriflux/Site_Info/siteInfo.cfm?KEYID=us.harvard_forest.01 (http://public.ornl.gov/ameriflux/Site_Info/siteInfo.cfm?KEYID=us.harvard_forest.01)
  • Myneni , R. , Hoffman , S. , Knyazikhin , Y. , Privette , J. , Glassy , J. , Tian , Y. , Wang , Y. , Song , X. , Zhang , Y. and Smith , G. 2002 . Global products of vegetation leaf area and fraction absorbed PAR from year one of MODIS data . Remote Sensing of Environment , 83 : 214 – 231 .
  • Myneni , R. , Ramakrishna , R. , Nemani , R. and Running , S. 1997 . Estimation of global leaf area index and absorbed PAR using radiative transfer models . IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , 35 : 1380 – 1393 .
  • Ornl Daac, 1999, EOS land validation core site soil data. Available online at http://ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/eos_land_val/val_soil_data_csv.txt (http://ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/eos_land_val/val_soil_data_csv.txt)
  • Owen , K.E. , Tenhunen , J. , Reichstein , M. , Wang , Q. , Falge , E. , Geyer , R. , Xiao , X. , Stoy , P. , Ammann , C. and Arain , A. 2007 . Linking flux network measurements to continental scale simulations: ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange capacity under non-water-stressed conditions . Global Change Biology , 13 : 734 – 760 .
  • Parton , W. , Schimel , D. , Cole , C. and Ojima , D. 1987 . Analysis of factors controlling soil organic matter levels in Great Plains grasslands . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 51 : 1173 – 1179 .
  • Parton , W. , Scurlock , J. , Ojima , D. , Gilmanov , T. , Scholes , R. , Schimel , D. , Kirchner , T. , Menaut , J. , Seastedt , T. and Moya , E. 1993 . Observations and modeling of biomass and soil organic matter dynamics for the grassland biome worldwide . Global Biogeochemical Cycles , 7 : 785 – 810 .
  • Parton , W. , Stewart , J. and Cole , C. 1988 . Dynamics of C, N, P and S in grassland soils: a model . Biogeochemistry , 5 : 109 – 131 .
  • Peterjohn , W. , Melillo , J. , Steudler , P. , Newkirk , K. , Bowles , F. and Aber , J. 1994 . Responses of trace gas fluxes and N availability to experimentally elevated soil temperatures . Ecological Applications , 4 : 617 – 625 .
  • Potter , C.S. and Klooster , S.A. 1999 . Detecting a terrestrial biosphere sink for carbon dioxide: interannual ecosystem modeling for the mid-1980s . Climatic Change , 42 : 489 – 503 .
  • Potter , C.S. , Klooster , S. , Myneni , R. , Genovese , V. , Tan , P.N. and Kumar , V. 2003 . Continental-scale comparisons of terrestrial carbon sinks estimated from satellite data and ecosystem modeling 1982–1998 . Global and Planetary Change , 39 : 201 – 213 .
  • Potter , C.S. , Randerson , J.T. , Field , C.B. , Matson , P.A. , Vitousek , P.M. , Mooney , H.A. and Klooster , S.A. 1993 . Terrestrial ecosystem production: a process model based on global satellite and surface data . Global Biogeochemical Cycles , 7 : 811 – 841 . doi:10.1029/93GB02725.
  • Prentice , I.C. , Farquhar , G.D. , Fasham , M.J.R. , Goulden , M.L. , Heimann , M.L. , Jaramillo , V.J. , Kheshgi , H.S. , Quéré , C.L. , Scholes , R.J. and Wallace , D.W.R. 2001 . “ The carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide ” . In Climate change 2001: the scientific basis , Edited by: Houghton , J.T. , Ding , Y. , Griggs , D.J. , Noguer , M. , Van der Linden , P.J. , Dai , X. , Maskell , K. and Johnson , C.A. 185 – 237 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Prince , S.D. and Goward , S.N. 1995 . Global primary production: a remote sensing approach . Journal of Biogeography , 22 : 815 – 835 .
  • Privette , J.L. , Myneni , R.B. , Knyazikhin , Y. , Mukelabai , M. , Roberts , G. , Tian , Y. , Wang , Y. and Leblanc , S.G. 2002 . Early spatial and temporal validation of MODIS LAI product in the southern Africa Kalahari . Remote Sensing of Environment , 83 : 232 – 243 .
  • Reichstein , M. , Falge , E. , Baldocchi , D. , Papale , D. , Aubinet , M. , Berbigier , P. , Bernhofer , C. , Buchmann , N. , Gilmanov , T. and Granier , A. 2005 . On the separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and ecosystem respiration: review and improved algorithm . Global Change Biology , 11 : 1424 – 1439 .
  • Ruimy , A. , Dedieu , G. and Saugier , B. 1996 . TURC: a diagnostic model of continental gross primary productivity and net primary productivity . Global Biogeochemical Cycles , 10 : 269 – 285 .
  • Running , S.W , Baldocchi , D. , Turner , D. , Gower , S. , Bakwin , P. and Hibbard , K. 1999 . A global terrestrial monitoring network integrating tower fluxes, flask sampling, ecosystem modeling and EOS satellite data . Remote Sensing of Environment , 70 : 108 – 127 .
  • Running , S.W and Coughlan , J. 1988 . A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications. I. Hydrologic balance, canopy gas exchange and primary production processes . Ecological Modelling , 42 : 125 – 154 .
  • Running , S.W. , Nemani , R.R. , Heinsch , F.A. , Zhao , M. , Reeves , M. and Hashimoto , H. 2004 . A continuous satellite-derived measure of global terrestrial primary production . Bioscience , 54 : 547 – 560 .
  • Running , S.W , Thornton , P. , Nemani , R. and Glassy , J. 2000 . “ Global terrestrial gross and net primary productivity from the earth observing system ” . In Methods in ecosystem science , Edited by: Sala , O.E. , Jackson , R.B. , Mooney , H.A. and Howarth , R.W. 44 – 57 . New York : Springer .
  • Ryan , M.G. 1990 . Growth and maintenance respiration in stems of Pinus contorta and Picea engelmannii . Canadian Journal of Forest Research , 20 : 48 – 57 .
  • Ryan , M.G. 1991 . A simple method for estimating gross carbon budgets for vegetation in forest ecosystems . Tree Physiology , 9 : 255 – 266 .
  • Saxton , K.E. , Rawls , W.J. , Romberger , J.S. and Papendick , R.I. 1986 . Estimating generalized soil-water characteristics from texture . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 50 : 1031 – 1036 .
  • Schimel , D.S. , House , J.I. , Hibbard , K.A. , Bousquet , P. , Ciais , P. , Peylin , P. , Braswell , B.H. , Apps , M.J. , Baker , D. , Bondeau , A. , Canadell , J. , Churkina , G. , Cramer , W. , Denning , A.S. , Field , C.B. , Friedlingstein , P. , Goodale , C. , Heimann , M. , Houghton , R.A. , Melillo , J.M. , Moore III , B. , Murdiyarso , D. , Noble , I. , Pacala , S.W. , Prentice , I.C. , Raupach , M.R. , Rayner , P.J. , Scholes , R.J. , Steffen , W.L. and Wirth , C. 2001 . Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems . Nature , 414 : 169 – 172 .
  • Seen Lo , D. , Mougin , E. , Rambal , S. , Gaston , A. and Hiernaux , P. 1995 . A regional Sahelian grassland model to be coupled with multispectral satellite data. II: Toward the control of its simulations by remotely sensed indices . Remote Sensing of Environment , 52 : 194 – 206 .
  • Sipe, T., Bowden, R. and McClaugherty, C., 2009, CRUI land use project – tree canopy leaf area index: HF134. Available online at http://ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/nigec/HU_Wofsy/hf_data/ecological_data/lai/ (http://ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/nigec/HU_Wofsy/hf_data/ecological_data/lai/)
  • Siqueira , M.B. , Katul , G.G. , Sampson , D.A. , Stoy , P.C. , Juang , J.Y. , McCarthy , H.R. and Oren , R. 2006 . Multiscale model intercomparisons of CO2 and H2O exchange rates in a maturing south-eastern US pine forest . Global Change Biology , 12 : 1189 – 1207 .
  • Song , X. , Liu , Y. , Xu , X. , Yu , G. and Wen , X. 2004 . Comparison study on carbon dioxide, water and heat fluxes of the forest ecosystem in red earth hilly zone over winter and spring . Resource Science , 26 : 96 – 104 .
  • Song , X. , Yu , G. , Liu , Y. , Sun , X. , Ren , C. and Wen , X. 2005 . Comparison of flux measurement by open-path and close-path eddy covariance systems . Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences , 48 : 174 – 184 .
  • Stewart , J.B. 1988 . Modeling surface conductance of pine forest . Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , 43 : 19 – 35 .
  • Thornton , P.E. , Law , B.E. , Gholz , H.L. , Clark , K.L. , Falge , E. , Ellsworth , D.S. , Goldstein , A.H. , Monson , R.K. , Hollinger , D. and Falk , M. 2002 . Modeling and measuring the effects of disturbance history and climate on carbon and water budgets in evergreen needleleaf forests . Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , 113 : 185 – 222 .
  • Tian , Y. , Wang , Y. , Zhang , Y. , Knyazikhin , Y. , Bogaert , J. and Myneni , R. 2003 . Radiative transfer based scaling of LAI retrievals from reflectance data of different resolutions . Remote Sensing of Environment , 84 : 143 – 159 .
  • Turner , D.P. , Guzy , M. , Lefsky , M.A. , Tuyl , S.V. , Sun , O. , Daly , C. and Law , B. 2003a . Effects of land use and fine-scale environmental heterogeneity on net ecosystem production over a temperate coniferous forest landscape . Tellus B , 55 : 657 – 668 .
  • Turner , D.P. , Ollinger , S.V. and Kimball , J.S. 2004 . Integrating remote sensing and ecosystem process models for landscape- to regional-scale analysis of the carbon cycle . Bioscience , 54 : 573 – 584 .
  • Turner , D.P. , Ritts , W.D. , Cohen , W.B. , Gower , S.T. , Zhao , M. , Running , S.W. , Wofsy , S.C. , Urbanski , S. , Dunn , A.L. and Munger , J.W. 2003b . Scaling gross primary production(GPP) over boreal and deciduous forest landscapes in support of MODIS GPP product validation . Remote Sensing of Environment , 88 : 256 – 270 .
  • Turner , D.P. , Ritts , W.D. , Cohen , W.B. , Maeirsperger , T.K. , Gower , S.T. , Kirschbaum , A.A. , Running , S.W. , Zhao , M. , Wofsy , S.C. , Dunn , A.L. , Law , B.E. , Campbell , J.L. , Oechel , W.C. , Kwon , H.J. , Meyers , T.P. , Small , E.E. , Kurc , S.A. and Gamon , J.A. 2005 . Site-level evaluation of satellite-based global terrestrial gross primary production and net primary production monitoring . Global Change Biology , 11 : 666 – 684 .
  • Turner , D.P. , Urbanski , S. , Bremer , D. , Wofsy , S.C. , Meyers , T. , Gower , S.T. and Gregory , M. 2003c . A cross-biome comparison of daily light use efficiency for gross primary production . Global Change Biology , 9 : 383 – 395 .
  • Vörösmarty , C. , Moore III , B. , Grace , A.L. , Gildea , M.P. , Melillo , J.M. , Peterson , B.J. , Rastetter , E.D. and Steudler , P.A. 1989 . Continental-scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: an application to South America . Global Biogeochemical Cycles , 3 : 241 – 265 .
  • Vourlitis , G. , Oechel , W. , Hope , A. , Stow , D. , Boynton , B. , Verfaillie , J. Jr , Zulueta , R. and Hastings , S. 2000 . Physiological models for scaling plot measurements of CO2 flux across an Arctic tundra landscape . Ecological Applications , 10 : 60 – 72 .
  • Wang , J. , Niu , Z. , Hu , B. , Wang , C. , Gao , Y. and Yan , C. 2003 . “ The carbon flux estimation of China terrestrial ecosystems based on NOAA/AVHRR data ” . In 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) , 3225 – 3227 . Toulouse, France : IEEE publications . 21–25 July 2003
  • Waring , R.H. , Law , B.E. , Goulden , M.L. , Bassow , S.L. , McCreight , R.W. , Wofsy , S.C. and Bazzaz , F.A. 1995 . Scaling gross ecosystem production at Harvard Forest with remote sensing: a comparison of estimates from a constrained quantum-use efficiency model and eddy correlation . Plant, Cell and Environment , 18 : 1201 – 1213 .
  • Wen , X.F. 2005 . Carbon flux measurement of a subtropical Pinus plantation over the hilly region in south-eastern China , Beijing, , China : PhD thesis, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS .
  • Wen , X.F. , Yu , G.R. , Sun , X.M. and Liu , Y.F. 2005 . Turbulence flux measurement above the overstory of a subtropical Pinus plantation over the hilly region in south-eastern China . Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences , 48 : 63 – 73 .
  • Willmott , C. 1982 . Some comments on the evaluation of model performance . Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 63 : 1309 – 1313 .
  • Wofsy , S.C. , Goulden , M.L. , Munger , J.W. , Fan , S.M. , Bakwin , P.S. , Daube , B.C. , Bassow , S.L. and Bazzaz , F.A. 1993 . Net exchange of CO2 in a midlatitude forest . Science , 260 : 1314 – 1317 .
  • Xiao , X. 2006 . Light absorption by leaf chlorophyll and maximum light use efficiency . IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , 44 : 1933 – 1935 .
  • Xiao , X. , Hollinger , D. , Aber , J. , Goltz , M. , Davidson , E.A. , Zhang , Q. and Moore , B. 2004a . Satellite-based modeling of gross primary production in an evergreen needleleaf forest . Remote Sensing of Environment , 89 : 519 – 534 .
  • Xiao , X. , Zhang , Q. , Braswell , B. , Urbanski , S. , Boles , S. , Wofsy , S. , Moore , B. and Ojima , D. 2004b . Modeling gross primary production of temperate deciduous broadleaf forest using satellite images and climate data . Remote Sensing of Environment , 91 : 256 – 270 .
  • Xiao , X. , Zhang , Q. , Hollinger , D. , Aber , J. and Moore III , B. 2005 . Modeling gross primary production of an evergreen needleleaf forest using MODIS and climate data . Ecological Applications , 15 : 954 – 969 .
  • Yang , F. 2005 . Influences of land use on terrestrial carbon cycles in red soil hilly area of south China: case research at Qianyanzhou Experimental Station , Beijing, , China : PhD thesis, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences .
  • Yu , G.R. , Wen , X.F. , Li , Q.K. , Zhang , L.M. , Ren , C.Y. , Liu , Y.F. and Guan , D.X. 2005 . Seasonal patterns and environmental control of ecosystem respiration in subtropical and temperate forests in China . Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences , 48 : 93 – 105 .
  • Yuan , W. , Liu , S. , Zhou , G. , Tieszen , L.L. , Baldocchi , D. , Bernhofer , C. , Gholz , H. , Goldstein , A.H. and Goulden , M.L. 2007 . Deriving a light use efficiency model from eddy covariance flux data for predicting daily gross primary production across biomes . Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , 143 : 189 – 207 .
  • Zhang , H.Q. , Chen , Y.R. and Niu , D. 2004 . Retrieving effective leaf area index of conifer forests using Landsat TM images in red soil hilly region . Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University , 26 : 159 – 163 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.