A temperature-controlled spectrometer system for continuous and unattended measurements of canopy spectral radiance and reflectance

References

• Adams III, W. W., K. Winter, U. Schreiber, and P. Schramel. 1990. “Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics in Relationship to Changes in Pigment and Element Composition of Leaves of Platanus Occidentalis L. During Autumnal Leaf Senescence.” Plant Physiology 93: 1184–1190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso, L., L. Gómez-Chova, J. Vila-Frances, J. Amoros-Lopez, L. Guanter, J. Calpe, and J. Moreno. 2008. “Improved Fraunhofer Line Discrimination Method for Vegetation Fluorescence Quantification.” IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing 5 (4): 620–624.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balzarolo, M., K. Anderson, C. J. Nichol, M. Rossini, L. Vescovo, N. Arriga, G. Wohlfahrt, J.-C. Calvet, A. Carrara, S. Cerasoli, S. Cogliati, F. Daumard, L. Eklundh, J. A. Elbers, F. Evrendilek, R. N. Handcock, J. Kaduk, K. Klumpp, B. Longdoz, G. Matteucci, M. Meroni, L. Montagnani, J.-M. Ourcival, E. P. Sánchez-Cañete, J.-Y. Pontailler, R. Juszczak, B. Scholes, and M. P. Martín. 2011. “Ground-Based Optical Measurements at European Flux Sites: A Review of Methods, Instruments and Current Controversies.” Sensors 11 (9): 7954–7981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, P. E. K., E. M. Middleton, L. A. Corp, and M. S. Kim. 2008. “Contribution of Chlorophyll Fluorescence to the Apparent Vegetation Reflectance.” Science of the Total Environment 404: 433–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, P. E. K., E. M. Middleton, J. E. McMurtry, L. A. Corp, and E. W. Chappelle. 2007. “Assessment of Vegetation Stress Using Reflectance or Fluorescence Measurements.” Plant Environment Interactions 36: 832–845.
   Google Scholar
• Demmig-Adams, B. 1998. “Survey of Thermal Energy Dissipation and Pigment Composition in Sun and Shade Leaves.” Plant Cell Physiology 39 (5): 474–482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demmig-Adams, B., and W. W. Adams III. 1996. “The Role of Xanthophyll Cycle Carotenoids in the Protection of Photosynthesis.” Trends in Plant Science 1: 21–26.
   Google Scholar
• Demmig-Adams, B., and W. W. Adams III. 2006. “Photoprotection in an Ecological Context: The Remarkable Complexity of Thermal Energy Dissipation.” New Phytologist 172: 11–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drolet, G., K. F. Huemmrich, F. G. Hall, E. M. Middleton, T. A. Black, A. G. Barr, and H. A. Margolis. 2005. “A MODIS-Derived Photochemical Reflectance Index to Detect Inter-Annual Variations in the Photosynthetic Light-Use Efficiency of a Boreal Deciduous Forest.” Remote Sensing of Environment 98: 212−224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drolet, G. G., E. M. Middleton, K. F. Huemmrich, F. G. Hall, B. D. Amiro, A. G. Barr, T. A. Black, J. H. McCaughey, and H. A. Margolis. 2008. “Regional Mapping of Gross Light-Use Efficiency Using MODIS Spectral Indices.” Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (6): 3064–3078.
   Google Scholar
• Frankenburg, C., C. O’Dell, L. Guanter, and J. McDuffie. 2012. “Chlorophyll Fluorescence Remote Sensing From Space in Scattering Atmospheres: Implications for its Retrieval and Interferences with Atmospheric CO2 Retrievals.” Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussion 5: 2487–2527.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamon, J. A., J. Peñuelas, and C. B. Field. 1992. “A Narrow-Waveband Spectral Index That Tracks Diurnal Changes in Photosynthetic Efficiency.” Remote Sensing of Environment 41: 35–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guanter, L., C. Frankenburg, A. Dudhia, P. E. Lewis, J. Gomez-Dans, A. Kuze, H. Suto, and R. G. Grainger. 2012. “Retrieval and Global Assessment of Terrestrial Chlorophyll Fluorescence from GOSAT Space Measurements.” Remote Sensing of Environment 121: 236–251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, F. G., T. Hilker, and N. C. Coops. 2011. “PHOTOSYNSAT, Photosynthesis from Space: Theoretical Foundations of a Satellite Concept and Validation from Tower and Spaceborne Data.” Remote Sensing of Environment 115: 1918–1925.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, F. G., T. Hilker, N. C. Coops, A. Lyapustin, K. F. Huemmrich, E. M. Middleton, H. A. Margolis, G. Drolet, and T. A. Black. 2008. “Multi-Angle Remote Sensing of Forest Light Use Efficiency by Observing PRI Variation with Canopy Shadow Fraction.” Remote Sensing of Environment 112: 3201–3211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hari, P., and N. Kulmala. 2005. “Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations.” Boreal Environment Research 10: 315–322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann, J., J. Fischer, U. Johannsen, and L. Werner. 2001. “Analytical Model for the Temperature Dependence of the Spectral Responsivity of Silicon.” Journal of Optical Society of America B 18 (7): 942–947.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilker, T., N. C. Coops, F. G. Hall, T. A. Black, M. A. Wulder, Z. Nesic, and P. Krishnan. 2008. “Separating Physiologically and Directionally Induced Changes in PRI Using BRDF Models.” Remote Sensing of Environment 112: 2777–2788.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilker, T., N. Coops, F. G. Hall, C. J. Nichol, A. Lyapustin, T. A. Black, M. A. Wulder, R. Leuning, A. Barr, D. Y. Hollinger, B. Munger, and C. J. Tucker. 2011. “Inferring Terrestrial Photosynthetic Light Use Efficiency of Temperate Ecosystems from Space.” Journal of Geophysical Research 116: G03014. doi:10.1029/2011JG001692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilker, T., N. C. Coops, Z. Nesic, M. A. Wulder, and T. A. Black. 2007. “Instrumentation and Approach for Unattended Year Round Tower Based Measurements of Spectral Reflectance.” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 56: 72–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilker, T., A. Lyapustin, F. G. Hall, Y. Wang, N. C. Coops, G. Drolet, and T. A. Black. 2009. “An Assessment of Photosynthetic Light Use Efficiency from Space: Modelling the Atmospheric and Directional Impacts on PRI Reflectance.” Remote Sensing of Environment 113: 2463–2475.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IPCC. 2007. “Summary for Policymakers.” In Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the International Panel on Climate Change, edited by M. L. Parry, O. F. Canziani, J. P. Palutikof, P. J. van der Linden, and C. E. Hanson, 7–22. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Joiner, J., Y. Yoshida, A. P. Vasilkov, E. M. Middleton, P. E. K. Campbell, A. Kuze, and L. A. Corp. 2012. “Filling-in of Far-Red and Near-Infrared Solar Lines by Terrestrial and Atmospheric Effects: Simulations and Space Based Observations from SCHIAMACHY and GOSAT.” Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussion 5 (1): 163–210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joiner, J., Y. Yoshida, A. P. Vasilkov, Y. Yoshida, L. A. Corp, and E. M. Middleton. 2011. “First Observations of Global and Seasonal Terrestrial Chlorophyll Fluorescence from Space.” Biogeosciences 8: 637–651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linacre, E. 1992. Climate Data and Resources: A Reference and Guide. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Logan, B. A., W. W. Adams III, and B. Demmig-Adams. 2007. “Avoiding Common Pitfalls of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Analysis under Field Conditions.” Functional Plant Biology 34: 853–859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maier, S. W., K. P. Günther, and M. Stellmes. 2003. “Sun-Induced Fluorescence: A New Tool for Precision Farming.” In Digital Imaging and Spectral Techniques: Applications to Precision Agriculture and Crop Physiology, edited by T. VanToai, D. Major, M. McDonald, J. Schepers, and L. Tarpley, 209–222. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy.
   Google Scholar
• Meroni, M., and R. Colombo. 2006. “Leaf Level Detection of Solar Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence by Means of a Subnanometer Resolution Spectroradiometer.” Remote Sensing of Environment 103: 438–448.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meroni, M., A. Barducci, S. Cogliati, F. Castagnoli, M. Rossini, L. Busetto, M. Migliavacca, E. Cremonese, M. Galvagno, R. Colombo, and U. Morra di Cella. 2011. “The Hyperspectral Irradiometer, a New Instrument for Long-Term and Unattended Field Spectroscopy Measurements.” Review of Scientific Instruments 82 (4): 0431061–0431069.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meroni, M., M. Rossini, L. Guanter, L. Alonso, U. Rascher, R. Colombo, and J. Moreno. 2009. “Remote Sensing of Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence: Review of Methods and Applications.” Remote Sensing of Environment 113: 2037–2051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moya, I., A. Ounis, N. Moise, and Y. Goulas. 2006. “First Airborne Multiwavelength Passive Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measurements over La Mancha (Spain) Fields.” In Second Recent Advances in Quantitative Remote Sensing, edited by J. A. Sobrino, 820–825. Spain: Publicacions de la Universitat de València.
   Google Scholar
• Plascyk, J. A. 1975. “The MK II Fraunhofer Line Discriminator (FLD-II) for Airborne and Orbital Remote Sensing of Solar-Stimulated Luminescence.” Optical Engineering 14: 339–346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plascyk, J. A., and F. C. Gabriel. 1975. “The Fraunhofer Line Discriminator MKII – An Airborne Instrument for Precise and Standardized Ecological Luminescence Measurements.” IEEE Transations on Instrumentation and Measurements 24: 306–313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porcar Castell, A., E. Juurola, I. Ensminger, F. Berninger, P. Hari, and E. Nikinmaa. 2008. “Seasonal Acclimation of Photosystem II in Pinus Sylvestris. II. Using the Rate Constants of Sustained Thermal Energy Dissipation and Photochemistry to Study the Effect of the Light Environment.” Tree Physiology 28: 1483–1491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rollin, E. M., D. R. Emery, C. H. Kerr, and E. J. Milton. 1998. “Dual-Beam Reflectance Measurements and the Need for a Field Inter-Calibration Procedure.” In Developing International Connections. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the Remote Sensing Society, 552–558. Nottingham: Remote Sensing Society.
   Google Scholar
• Valentini, R., G. Matteucci, A. J. Dolman, E.-D. Schulze, C. Rebmann, E. J. Moors, A. Granier, P. Gross, N. O. Jensen, K. Pilegaard, A. Lindroth, A. Grelle, C. Bernhofer, T. Grünwald, M. Aubinet, R. Ceulemans, A. S. Kowalski, T. Vesala, U. Rannik, P. Berbigier, D. Loustau, J. Gudmundsson, H. Thorgeirsson, A. Ibrom, K. Morgenstern, R. Clement, J. Moncrieff, L. Montagnani, S. Minerbi, and P. G. Jarvis. 2000. “Respiration as the Main Determinant of Carbon Balance in European Forests.” Nature 404: 861–865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar