Assessing VIIRS cloud base height products with data collected at the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement sites

References

• Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility. 1996a, updated hourly. Ceilometer (CEIL). Jun. 2013–Oct. 2015; Jun. 2013 – Dec. 2014; Oct. 2013 – Oct. 2015; Jan. 2014 – Dec. 2014, 36° 36ʹ 18.0” N, 97° 29ʹ 6.0” W; 12° 25ʹ 28.56” S, 130° 53ʹ 29.75” E; 39° 5ʹ 29.68” N, 28° 1ʹ 32.34” W; 3° 12ʹ 46.70” S, 60° 35ʹ 53.00” W: Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility, Lamont, OK (C1); Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) Facility, Darwin, Australia (C3); East North Atlantic (ENA) Central Facility, Graciosa Island, Azores, Portugal (C1); ARM Mobile Facility (MAO) Manacapuru, Amazonas, Brazil; AMF1 (M1), lowest cloud base height. Compiled by V. Morris and B. Ermold. Oak Ridge, TN: ARM Data Archive. doi:10.5439/1181954.
   Google Scholar
• Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility. 1996b, updated hourly. Cloud mask from Micropulse Lidar (30SMPLCMASK1ZWANG). Jun. 2013–Oct. 2015; Jun. 2013 – Dec. 2014; Oct. 2013 – Oct. 2015; Jan. 2014 – Dec. 2014, 36° 36ʹ 18.0” N, 97° 29ʹ 6.0” W; 12° 25ʹ 28.56” S, 130° 53ʹ 29.75” E; 39° 5ʹ 29.68” N, 28° 1ʹ 32.34” W; 3° 12ʹ 46.70” S, 60° 35ʹ 53.00” W: Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility, Lamont, OK (C1); Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) Facility, Darwin, Australia (C3); East North Atlantic (ENA) Central Facility, Graciosa Island, Azores, Portugal (C1); ARM Mobile Facility (MAO) Manacapuru, Amazonas, Brazil; AMF1 (M1), cloud top height. Compiled by C. Sivaraman and L. Riihimaki. Oak Ridge, TN : ARM Data Archive. doi:10.5439/1027736.
   Google Scholar
• Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility. 1997, updated hourly. Cloud Optical Properties from MFRSR Using Min Algorithm (MFRSRCLDOD1MIN). Jun. 2013–JuL. 2015; Jun. 2013 – Oct. 2014, 36° 36ʹ 18.0” N, 97° 29ʹ 6.0” W; 12° 25ʹ 28.56” S, 130° 53ʹ 29.75” E: Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility, Lamont, OK (C1); Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) Facility, DarwiN, Australia (C3), Cloud Optical Depth and Effective Particle Size. Compiled by Y. Shi, Q. Min and L. Riihimaki. Oak Ridge, TN: ARM Data Archive. doi:10.5439/1027296.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, J. R., D. L. Hlavka, E. J. Welton, C. J. Flynn, D. D. Turner, J. D. Spinhirne, V. S. Scott, and I. H. Hwang. 2002. “Full-Time, Eye-Safe Cloud and Aerosol Lidar Observation at Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Sites: Instruments and Data Processing,” Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 19: 431–442. doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0431:FTESCA>2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulter, R. 2012. Micropulse Lidar (MPL) Handbook. TR-019. Department of Energy, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility. Accessed 28 September 2015. https://www.arm.gov/publications/tech_reports/handbooks/mpl_handbook.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fye, F. K. 1978. The Air Force Global Weather Central (AFGWC) Automated Cloud Analysis Model. AFGWC Technical Memorandum 78–002. Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC). Accessed 15 December 2015. http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADB121615.
   Google Scholar
• Hamill, T. M., R. P. D’Entremont, and J. T. Bunting. 1992. “A Description of the Air Force Real-Time Nephanalysis Model.” Weather and Forecasting 7: 288–306. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0288:ADOTAF>2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, L., J. Michalsky, and J. Berndt. 1994. “Automated Multifilter Rotating Shadow-Band Radiometer: An Instrument for Optical Depth and Radiation Measurements.” Applied Optics 33: 5118–5125. doi:10.1364/AO.33.005118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horsman, S. J.II 2007. “An Assessment of the World Wide Merged Cloud Analysis using Interactive Graphics.” Master’s Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a470121.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hutchison, K. D. 1998. “VIIRS Cloud Base Height Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, Version 1.0 (Lanham, MD Raytheon Information Technology and Scientific Services).” JPSS version. Accessed December 2011. http://npp.gsfc.nasa.gov/sciencedocs/2015-06/474-00045_VIIRS_Cloud_Base_Height_ATBD_Rev-_20110422.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Hutchison, K. D. 2002. “The Retrieval of Cloud Base Heights from MODIS and Three-Dimensional Cloud Fields from NASA’s EOS Aqua Mission. International Journal of Remote Sensing 23: 5249–5265. doi:10.1080/01431160110117391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchison, K. D., and A. P. Cracknell. 2006. VIIRS: A New Operational Cloud Imager. London: CRC Press of Taylor and Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Hutchison, K. D., A. K. Heidinger, T. J. Kopp, B. D. Iisager, and R. A. Frey. 2014. “Comparisons between VIIRS Cloud Mask Performance Results from Manually Generated Cloud Masks of VIIRS Imagery and CALIOP-VIIRS Match-Ups.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 35: 4905–4922. doi:10.1080/01431161.2014.932465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchison, K. D., T. Pekker, and S. Smith. 2006. “Improved Retrievals of Cloud Boundaries from MODIS for Use in Air Quality Modeling.” Atmospheric Environment 40: 5798–5806. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchison, K. D., J. K. Roskovensky, J. M. Jackson, A. K. Heidinger, T. J. Kopp, M. J. Pavolonis, and R. Frey. 2005. “Automated Cloud Detection and Classification of Data Collected by the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS).” International Journal of Remote Sensing 26: 4681–4706. doi:10.1080/01431160500196786.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchison, K. D., E. Wong, and S. C. Ou. 2006. “Cloud Base Heights Retrieved during Night-Time Conditions with MODIS Data.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 27: 2847–2862. doi:10.1080/01431160500296800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Level 1 Requirements (JPSS-REQ-1002). 2013. Ver. 2.9, Supplement – Final. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Services. Accessed 10 October 2015. http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/spb/nsun/snpp/ATMS/JPSS_L1RD-FINAL_v1_7_Rev_A.10.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kiess, R. B., and W. M. Cox. 1988. The Air Force Global Weather Central (AFGWC) Automated Real-Time Cloud Analysis Model. AFGWC Technical Note 88/001. Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC). Accessed 15 December 2015. http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADB121615
   Google Scholar
• Kopp, T. J., A. K. Heidinger, and W. M. Thomas. 2014. “VIIRS Cloud Mask (VCM) Validation Stage 2.” Accessed 15 September 2015. http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/jpss/documents/AMM_All/Cloud_Mask/Validated/VCM_val2_brief_for_AERB.pptx
   Google Scholar
• Kopp, T. J., W. M. Thomas, A. K. Heidinger, D. Botambekov, R. Frey, K. D. Hutchison, B. D. Iisager, K. F. Brueske, and B. Reed. 2014. “The VIIRS Cloud Mask: Progress in the First Year of S-NPP toward a Common Cloud Detection Scheme.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 119: 2441–2456. doi.10.1002/2013JD020458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liou, K. N. 1992. Radiation and Cloud Processes in the Atmosphere. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Menzel, W. P., R. A. Frey, and B. A. Baum. 2010. “MODIS Cloud Top Properties and Cloud Phase Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, Version 8.” Accessed 10 October 2015. http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/atbd/atbd_mod04.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Min, Q.-L., M. Duan, and R. Marchand. 2003. “Validation of Surface Retrieved Cloud Optical Properties with in Situ Measurements at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) South Great Plains Site.” Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (D17): 4547. doi:10.1029/2003JD003385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris, V. R. 2012. Vaisala Ceilometer (VCEIL) Handbook. TR-020. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility. Accessed 28 September 2015. http://www.arm.gov/publications/tech_reports/handbooks/vceil_handbook.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Münkel, C. 2007. “Mixing Height Determination with Lidar Ceilometers – Results from Helsinki Testbed.” Meteorologische Zeitschrift 16: 451–459. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2007/0221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakajima, T., and M. D. King. 1990. “Determination of the Optical Thickness and Effective Particle Radius of Clouds from Reflected Solar Radiation Measurements. Part I: Theory.” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 47: 1878–1893. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<1878:DOTOTA>2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ou, S. C., Y. Takano, K. N. Liou, G. J. Higgins, A. George, and R. Slonaker. 2003. “Remote Sensing of Cirrus Cloud Optical Thickness and Effective Particle Size for the National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite: Sensitivity to Instrument Noise and Uncertainties in Environmental Parameters.” Applied Optics 42: 7202–7204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavolonis, M. J., and A. K. Heidinger. 2004. “Daytime Cloud Overlap Detection from AVHRR and VIIRS.” Journal of Applied Meteorology 43: 762–778. doi:10.1175/2099.1.
   Google Scholar
• Platnick, S., M. D. King, S. A. Ackerman, W. P. Menzel, B. A. Baum, J. C. Riedi, and R. A. Frey. 2003. “The MODIS Cloud Products: Algorithms and Examples from Terra.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 41: 459–473. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2002.808301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preusker, R., and R. Lindstrot. 2009. “Remote Sensing of Cloud-Top Pressure Using Moderately Resolved Measurements within the Oxygen A Band: A Sensitivity Study.” Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 48 (8): 1562–1574.
   Google Scholar
• Sivaraman, C., and J. Comstock. 2011. “Micropulse Lidar Cloud Mask Value-Added Product Technical Report.” TR-098. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility. Accessed 5 October 2015. https://www.arm.gov/publications/tech_reports/doe-sc-arm-tr-098.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Skamarock, W. C., and J. B. Klemp. 2008. “A Time-Split Nonhydrostatic Atmospheric Model for Weather Research and Forecasting Applications.” Journal of Computational Physics 227(7): 3465–3485. doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2007.01.037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z., and K. Sassen. 2001. “Cloud Type and Macrophysical Property Retrieval Using Multiple Remote Sensors.” Journal of Applied Meteorology 40: 1665–1682. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<1665:CTAMPR>2.0.CO;2.
   Google Scholar
• Welch, R. M., S. Asefi, J. Zeng, U. S. Nair, Q. Han, R. O. Lawton, D. K. Ray, and V. S. Manoharan. 2008. “Biogeography of Tropical Montane Cloud Forests, Part I: Remote Sensing of Cloud-Base Heights.” Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47: 960–975. doi:10.1175/2007JAMC1668.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesely, M. L. 1982. “Simplified Techniques to Study Components of Solar Radiation under Haze and Clouds.” Journal of Applied Meteorology 21: 373–383. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1982)021<0373:STTSCO>2.0.CO;2.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, E., K. D. Hutchison, S. C. Ou, and K. N. Liou. 2007. “Cirrus Cloud Top Temperatures Retrieved from Radiances in the National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System – Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite 8.55 and 12.0 Μm Bandpasses.” Applied Optics 46: 1316–1325. doi:10.1364/AO.46.001316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar