717
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Remote sensing of alpine treeline ecotone dynamics and phenology in Arunachal Pradesh Himalaya

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, &
Pages 7986-8009 | Received 26 Feb 2018, Accepted 13 Feb 2019, Published online: 30 Apr 2019

References

  • Allen, T. R., and S. J. Walsh. 1996. “Spatial and Compositional Pattern of Alpine Treeline, Glacier National Park, Montana.” Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 62 (11): 1261–1268.
  • Anderson, J. H., K. T. Weber, B. Gokhale, and F. Chen. 2011. “Intercalibration and Evaluation of ResourceSat-1 and Landsat-5 NDVI.” Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 37 (2): 213–219. doi:10.5589/m11-032.
  • Bajpai, R., V. Shukla, C. P. Singh, O. P. Tripathi, S. Nayaka, and D. K. Upreti. 2016. “Lichen Community Composition in Tawang District of Arunachal Pradesh, Tool for Long-Term Climate Change Monitoring.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 88 (3): 915–922. doi:10.1007/s40011-016-0830-z.
  • Bharti, R. R., B. S. Adhikari, and G. S. Rawat. 2012. “Assessing Vegetation Changes in Timberline Ecotone of Nanda Devi National Park, Uttarakhand.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 18: 472–479. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2011.09.018.
  • Bobrowski, M., L. Gerlitz, and U. Schickhoff. 2017. “Modelling the Potential Distribution of Betula utilis in the Himalaya.” Global Ecology and Conservation 11: 69–83. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2017.04.003.
  • Chavez, P. S. 1988. “An Improved Dark-Object Subtraction Technique for Atmospheric Scattering Correction of Multispectral Data.” Remote Sensing of Environment 24 (3): 459–479. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(88)90019-3.
  • Chen, X., D. Wang, J. Chen, C. Wang, and M. Shen. 2018. “The Mixed Pixel Effect in Land Surface Phenology: A Simulation Study.” Remote Sensing of Environment 211: 338–344. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2018.04.030.
  • Detsch, F. 2018. “Gimms: Download and Process GIMMS NDVI3g Data.” R package version 1.1.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=gimms
  • Dhar, O. N., and S. Nandargi. 2004. “Rainfall Distribution over the Arunachal Pradesh Himalayas.” Weather 59 (6): 155–157. doi:10.1256/wea.87.03.
  • Dubey, B., R. R. Yadav, J. Singh, and R. Chaturvedi. 2003. “Upward Shift of Himalayan Pine in Western Himalaya, India.” Current Science 85 (8): 1135–1136.
  • Dutta, P. K., B. K. Dutta, A. K. Das, and R. C. Sundriyal. 2014. “Alpine Timberline Research Gap in Himalaya: A Literature Review.” Indian Forester 140 (4): 419–427.
  • Dutta, P. K., B. K. Dutta, R. C. Sundriyal, and A. K. Das. 2013. “Diversity, Representativeness and Biotic Pressure on Plant Species along Alpine Timberline of Western Arunachal Pradesh in the Eastern Himalaya, India.” Current Science 105 (5): 701–707.
  • Fan, Y., and H. van den Dool. 2008. “A Global Monthly Land Surface Air Temperature Analysis for 1948-Present.” Journal of Geophysical Research 113: 1–18. doi:10.1029/2007JD008470.
  • Field, C. B., and V. R. Barros. 2014. Climate Change 2014 Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A. Global and Sectoral Aspects. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). USA: Cambridge University Press.
  • Forkel, M., M. Migliavacca, K. Thonicke, M. Reichstein, S. Schaphoff, U. Weber, and N. Carvalhais. 2015. “Codominant Water Control on Global Interannual Variability and Trends in Land Surface Phenology and Greenness.” Global Change Biology 21: 3414–3435. doi:10.1111/gcb.12950.
  • Gaire, N. P., M. Koirala, D. R. Bhuju, and H. P. Borgaonkar. 2014. “Treeline Dynamics with Climate Change at the Central Nepal Himalaya.” Climate of the Past 10: 1277–1290. doi:10.5194/cp-10-1277-2014.
  • GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility). 2018. “GBIF Home Page.” Accessed 25 Feb 2018. https://www.gbif.org
  • Gottfried, M., H. Pauli, A. Futschik, M. Akhalkatsi, P. Barančok, J. L. B. Alonso, G. Coldea, et al. 2012. “Continent-Wide Response of Mountain Vegetation to Climate Change”. Nature Climate Change 2: 111–115. doi:10.1038/nclimate1329.
  • Grabherr, G., M. Gottfried, and H. Pauli. 1994. “Climate Effects on Mountain Plants.” Nature 369: 448. doi:10.1038/369448a0.
  • Grabherr, G., L. Nagy, and D. B. A. Thompson. 2003. “An Outline of Europe’s Alpine Areas.” In Alpine Biodiversity in Europe, Ecological studies, Vol. 167, edited by L. Nagy, G. Grabherr, C. Körner, and D. B. A. Thompson. 3–12. Verlag: Springer.
  • Grace, J., F. Berninger, and L. Nagy. 2002. “Impacts of Climate Change on the Tree Line.” Annals of Botany 90: 537–544.
  • Hansen, J., R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and K. Lo. 2010. “Global Surface Temperature Change.” Reviews of Geophysics 48 (4): 1–29. doi:10.1029/2010RG000345.
  • Inouye, D. W., and F. E. Wielgolaski. 2003. “High Altitude Climates.” In Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science, Tasks for vegetation science, Vol. 39, edited by M. D. Schwartz. 195–214. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Jain, S. K., V. Kumar, and M. Saharia. 2013. “Analysis of Rainfall and Temperature Trends in Northeast India.” International Journal of Climatology 33: 968–978. doi:10.1002/joc.v33.4.
  • Jeganathan, C., J. Dash, and P. M. Atkinson. 2014. “Remotely Sensed Trends in the Phenology of Northern High Latitude Terrestrial Vegetation, Controlling for Land Cover Change and Vegetation Type.” Remote Sensing of Environment 143: 154–170. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2013.11.020.
  • Julien, Y., and J. A. Sobrino. 2009. “Global Land Surface Phenology Trends From GIMMS Database.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 30 (13): 3495–3513. doi:10.1080/01431160802562255.
  • Kendall, M. G. 1975. Rank Correlation Methods. 4th ed. London: Charles Griffin.
  • Khare, S., S. K. Ghosh, H. Latifi, S. Vijay, and T. Dahms. 2017. “Seasonal-Based Analysis of Vegetation Response to Environmental Variables in the Mountainous Forests of Western Himalaya Using Landsat 8 Data.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 38 (15): 4418–4442. doi:10.1080/01431161.2017.1320450.
  • Körner, C. 2012. Alpine Treelines: Functional Ecology of the Global High Elevation Tree Limits. Basel: Springer.
  • Körner, C., and J. Paulsen. 2004. “A World-Wide Study of High Altitude Treeline Temperatures.” Journal of Biogeography 31: 713–732. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2003.01043.x.
  • Kullman, L. 2007. “Tree Line Population Monitoring of Pinus sylvestris in the Swedish Scandes, 1973–2005: Implications for Tree Line Theory and Climate Change Ecology.” Journal of Ecology 95 (1): 41–52. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01190.x.
  • Lal, J. B., A. K. Gulati, and M. S. Bist. 1991. “Satellite Mapping of Alpine Pastures in the Himalayas.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 12 (3): 435–443. doi:10.1080/01431169108929664.
  • Loarie, S. R., P. B. Duffy, H. Hamilton, G. P. Asner, C. B. Field, and D. D. Ackerly. 2009. “The Velocity of Climate Change.” Nature 462: 1052–1055. doi:10.1038/nature08649.
  • Mann, H. B. 1945. “Nonparametric Tests against Trend.” Econometrica 13 (3): 245–259. doi:10.2307/1907187.
  • Måren, I. E., S. Karki, C. Prajapati, R. K. Yadav, and B. B. Shrestha. 2015. “Facing North or South: Does Slope Aspect Impact Forest Stand Characteristics and Soil Properties in a Semiarid Trans-Himalayan Valley?” Journal of Arid Environments 121: 112–123. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.06.004.
  • Matthew, M. W., M. S. M. Adler-Golden, A. Berk, S. C. Richtsmeier, R. Y. Levine, L. S. Bernstein, P. K. Acharya, et al. 2000. “Status of Atmospheric Correction Using a MODTRAN4-Based Algorithm.” In Proceedings of SPIE, 4049, Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VI. Vol. 199. Orlando, FL: Aerosense. doi:10.1117/12.410341.
  • Mayor, J. R., N. J. Sanders, A. T. Classen, R. D. Bardgett, J. C. Clément, A. Fajardo, S. Lavorel, et al. 2017. “Elevation Alters Ecosystem Properties across Temperate Treelines Globally”. Nature 542: 91–95. doi:10.1038/nature21027.
  • MoEF (Ministry of Environment and Forest) 2011. Arunachal Pradesh State Action Plan on Climate Change. Arunachal Pradesh: State Action Plan on Climate Change, Government of India.
  • Mohapatra, J. 2015. “The Changing Face of the Alpine Ecosystem in the Himalaya.” ENVIS Newsletter on Himalayan Ecology 12 (2): 9. ISSN: 2277-9000.
  • Mohapatra, J., C. P. Singh, O. P. Tripathi, and H. A. Pandya. 2017. “Alpine Treeline Ecotone Dynamics and Greening Trend in Eastern Himalaya through Remote Sensing Techniques.” Paper presented at the 38th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, New Delhi, India, October 23–27.
  • Muralikrishnan, S., B. Narender, S. Reddy, and A. Pillai. 2011. Evaluation of Indian National DEM from Cartosat-1 Data. Hyderabad, India: Aerial Services and Digital Mapping Area, National Remote Sensing Centre.
  • Noble, I. R. 1993. “A Model of the Responses of Ecotone to Climate Change.” Ecological Applications 3 (3): 396–403. doi:10.2307/1941908.
  • Nogués-Bravo, D., M. B. Araújo, M. P. Errea, and J. P. Martínez-Rica. 2007. “Exposure of Global Mountain Systems to Climate Warming during the 21st Century.” Global Environmental Change 17: 420–428. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.11.007.
  • Payette, S., and L. Filion. 1985. “White Spruce Explanation at the Tree Line and Recent Climatic Change.” Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15 (1): 241–251. doi:10.1139/x85-042.
  • Peel, M. C., B. L. Finlayson, and T. A. McMahon. 2007. “Updated World Map of the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11: 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007.
  • Pinzon, J. E., and C. J. Tucker. 2014. “A Non-Stationary 1981-2012 AVHRR NDVI3g Time Series.” Remote Sensing 6: 6929–6960. doi:10.3390/rs6086929.
  • R Core Team 2018. “R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.” R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Accessed 26 February 2018. https://www.R-project.org
  • Rai, I. D., R. R. Bharti, B. S. Adhikari, and G. S. Rawat. 2013. “Structure and Functioning of Timberline Vegetation in the Western Himalaya: A Case Study.” In High-Altitude Rangelands and Their Interfaces in the Hindu Kush Himalayas, edited by W. Ning, G. S. Rawat, S. Joshi, M. Ismail, and E. Sharma, 91–107. Kathmandu: ICIMOD.
  • Reed, B. C., M. White, and J. F. Brown. 2003. “Remote Sensing Phenology.” In Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science, Tasks for Vegetation Science, Vol. 39, edited by M. D. Schwartz. 365–381. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Sangha, H. S., R. Naoroji, and M. Sharma. 2007. “The Crested Tit-Warbler Leptopoecile elegans in North-West Arunachal Pradesh. An Addition to the Indian Avifauna.” Indian Birds 3 (1): 23–25.
  • Schickhoff, U. 2005. “The Upper Timberline in the Himalayas, Hindu Kush and Karakorum: A Review of Geographical and Ecological Aspects.” In Mountain Ecosystems: Studies in Treeline Ecology, edited by G. Broll and B. Keplin, 275–354. Heidelberg: Springer.
  • Schickhoff, U., M. Bobrowski, J. Böhner, B. Bürzle, R. P. Chaudhary, L. Gerlitz, H. Heyken, et al. 2015. “Do Himalayan Treelines Respond to Recent Climate Change? An Evaluation of Sensitivity Indicators”. Earth System Dynamics 6: 245–265. doi:10.5194/esd-6-245-2015.
  • SFR (State of Forest Report). 2015. India State of Forest Report. Dehradun, India: Forest Survey of India, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. ISBN: 97881929285-2-4.
  • Sharma, E., N. Chettri, K. Tse-ring, A. B. Shrestha, F. Jing, P. Mool, and M. Eriksson. 2009. Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerability in the Eastern Himalayas. Kathmandu: ICIMOD.
  • Shi, P., C. Körner, and G. Hoch. 2008. “A Test of the Growth-Limitation Theory for Alpine Tree Line Formation in Evergreen and Deciduous Taxa of the Eastern Himalayas.” Functional Ecology 22: 213–220. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01370.x.
  • Shi, P., and N. Wu. 2013. “The Timberline Ecotone in the Himalayan Region: An Ecological Review.” In High-Altitude Rangelands and Their Interfaces in the Hindu Kush Himalayas, edited by W. Ning, G. S. Rawat, S. Joshi, M. Ismail, and E. Sharma, 108–116. Kathmandu: ICIMOD.
  • Shrestha, U. B., S. Gautam, and K. S. Bawa. 2012. “Widespread Climate Change in the Himalayas and Associated Changes in Local Ecosystems.” PloS one 7 (5): e36741. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036741.
  • Singh, C. P. 2015. “Long-Term Monitoring of Alpines of the Himalaya.” ENVIS Newsletter on Himalayan Ecology 12 (2): 1–3. ISSN: 2277-9000.
  • Singh, C. P., J. Mohapatra, H. A. Pandya, B. Gajmer, N. Sharma, and D. G. Shrestha. 2018. “Evaluating Changes in Treeline Position and Land Surface Phenology in Sikkim Himalaya.” Geocarto International. doi:10.1080/10106049.2018.1524513.
  • Singh, C. P., S. Panigrahy, and J. S. Parihar. 2011. “Alpine Vegetation Ecotone Dynamics in Gangotri Catchment Using Remote Sensing Techniques.” International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XXXVIII-8 (W20): 162–169.
  • Singh, C. P., S. Panigrahy, J. S. Parihar, and N. Dharaiya. 2013. “Modelling Environmental Niche of Himalayan Birch and Remote Sensing Based Vicarious Validation.” Tropical Ecology 54 (3): 321–329.
  • Singh, C. P., S. Panigrahy, A. Thapliyal, M. M. Kimothi, P. Soni, and J. S. Parihar. 2012. “Monitoring the Alpine Treeline Shift in Parts of the Indian Himalayas Using Remote Sensing.” Current Science 102 (4): 559–562.
  • Smith, W. K., M. J. Germino, D. M. Johnson, and K. Reinhardt. 2009. “The Altitude of Alpine Treeline: A Bellwether of Climate Change Effects.” The Botanical Review 75: 163–190. doi:10.1007/s12229-009-9030-3.
  • Steven, M. D., T. J. Malthus, F. Baret, H. Xu, and M. J. Chopping. 2003. “Intercalibration of Vegetation Indices from Different Sensor Systems.” Remote Sensing of Environment 88: 412–422. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2003.08.010.
  • Taylor, J. R. 1997. An Introduction to Error Analysis: The Study of Uncertainties in Physical Measurements. 2nd ed. California: University Science Books.
  • Walsh, S. J., D. G. Brown, C. A. Geddes, D. J. Weiss, S. McKnight, E. S. Hammer, and J. P. Tuttle. 2009. “Pattern-Process Relations in the Alpine and Subalpine Environments: A Remote Sensing and GIScience Perspective.” In The Changing Alpine Treeline, edited by D. R. Butler, G. P. Malanson, S. J. Walsh, and D. B. Fagre, 11–34. The Netherlands: Elsevier.
  • Ward, F. K. 1929. “Botanical Exploration in the Mishmi Hills.” The Himalayan Journal 1: 51–59.
  • White, M. A., K. M. de Beurs, K. Didan, D. W. Inouye, A. D. Richardson, O. P. Jensen, J. O’Keefe, et al. 2009. “Intercomparison, Interpretation, and Assessment of Spring Phenology in North America Estimated from Remote Sensing for 1982-2006”. Global Change Biology 15: 2335–2359. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01910.x.
  • White, M. A., M. D. Schwartz, and S. W. Running. 2000. “Young Students, Satellites Aid Understanding of Climate-Biosphere Link.” Eos 81 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1029/00EO00001.
  • White, M. A., P. E. Thornton, and S. W. Running. 1997. “A Continental Phenology Model for Monitoring Vegetation Responses to Interannual Climatic Variability.” Global Biochemical Cycles 11 (2): 217–234. doi:10.1029/97GB00330.
  • Xu, J., R. E. Grumbine, A. Shrestha, M. Eriksson, X. Yang, Y. Wang, and A. Wilkes. 2009. “The Melting Himalayas: Cascading Effects of Climate Change on Water, Biodiversity, and Livelihoods.” Conservation Biology 23 (3): 520–530. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01237.x.
  • Yao, T., L. Thompson, W. Yang, W. Yu, Y. Gao, X. Guo, X. Yang, et al. 2012. “Different Glacier Status with Atmospheric Circulations in Tibetan Plateau and Surroundings”. Nature Climate Change 2: 663–667. doi:10.1038/nclimate1580.
  • Yu, H., E. Luedeling, and J. Xu. 2010. “Winter and Spring Warming Result in Delayed Spring Phenology on the Tibetan Plateau.” Pnas 107 (51): 22151–22156. doi:10.1073/pnas.1012490107.
  • Zhang, Y., M. Xu, J. Adams, and X. Wang. 2009. “Can Landsat Imagery Detect Tree Line Dynamics?” International Journal of Remote Sensing 30 (5): 1327–1340. doi:10.1080/01431160802509009.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.