493
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Hybrid modelling of random forests and kriging with sentinel-2A multispectral imagery to determine urban brightness temperatures with high resolution

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 2174-2202 | Received 17 Jul 2020, Accepted 30 Sep 2020, Published online: 30 Dec 2020

References

  • Agam, N., W. P. Kustas, M. C. Anderson, L. Fuqin, and P. D. Colaizzi. 2008. “Utility of Thermal Image Sharpening for Monitoring Field Scale Evapotranspiration over Rainfed and Irrigated Agricultural Regions.” Geophysical Research Letters 35 (2): 196–199.
  • Agam, N., W. P. Kustas, M. C. Anderson, L. Fuqin, and C. M. U. Neale. 2007. “A Vegetation Index Based Technique for Spatial Sharpening of Thermal Imagery.” Remote Sensing of Environment 107 (4): 545–558.
  • Atallah, S. 1966. “A Relationship between Emissivity and Thermal Conductivity of Metals.” British Journal of Applied Physics 17 (4): 573–574. doi:10.1088/0508-3443/17/4/120.
  • Bartkowiak, P., M. Castelli, and C. Notarnicola. 2019. “Downscaling Land Surface Temperature from MODIS Dataset with Random Forest Approach over Alpine Vegetated Areas.” Remote Sensing 11 (11): 1319.
  • Bindhu, V. M., B. Narasimhan, and K. P. Sudheer. 2013. “Development and Verification of a Non-linear Disaggregation Method (Nl-distrad) to Downscale MODIS Land Surface Temperature to the Spatial Scale of Landsat Thermal Data to Estimate Evapotranspiration.” Remote Sensing of Environment 135 (135): 118–129.
  • Bisquert, M., J. M. Sanchez, and V. Caselles. 2016. “Evaluation of Disaggregation Methods for Downscaling MODIS Land Surface Temperature to Landsat Spatial Resolution in Barrax Test Site.” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations Remote Sensing 9 (4): 1430–1438.
  • Bonafoni, S. 2016. “Downscaling of Landsat and MODIS Land Surface Temperature over the Heterogeneous Urban Area of Milan.” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations Remote Sensing 9 (5): 2019–2027.
  • Bonafoni, S., and A. Sekertekin. 2020. “Albedo Retrieval from Sentinel-2 by New Narrow-to-Broadband Conversion Coefficients.” IEEE Geoscience Remote Sensing Letters 17(9):1618–1622.
  • Breiman, L. 2001. “Random Forests.” Machine Learning 45 (1): 5–32.
  • Chen, T., and C. Guestrin. 2016. “XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting System.” Paper presented at the knowledge discovery and data mining, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • Cressie, N. A. 1988. “Spatial Prediction and Ordinary Kriging.” Mathematical Geosciences 20 (4): 405–421.
  • Dirksen, M., R. J. Ronda, N. E. Theeuwes, and G. A. Pagani. 2019. “Sky View Factor Calculations and Its Application in Urban Heat Island Studies.” Urban Climate 30: 100498.
  • Drusch, M., U. Del Bello, S. Carlier, O. Colin, V. Fernandez, F. Gascon, B. Hoersch, C. Isola, P. Laberinti, and P. Martimort. 2012. “Sentinel-2: ESA’s Optical High-Resolution Mission for GMES Operational Services.” Remote Sensing of Environment 120: 25–36.
  • Duan, S., and L. Zhaoliang. 2016. “Spatial Downscaling of MODIS Land Surface Temperatures Using Geographically Weighted Regression: Case Study in Northern China.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 54 (11): 6458–6469.
  • Duan, S.-B., L. Zhao-Liang, C. Gao, W. Zhao, W. Hua, Y. Qian, P. Leng, and M. Gao. 2020. “Influence of Adjacency Effect on High-spatial-resolution Thermal Infrared Imagery: Implication for Radiative Transfer Simulation and Land Surface Temperature Retrieval.” Remote Sensing of Environment 245. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2020.111852.
  • Ebrahimy, H., and M. Azadbakht. 2019. “Downscaling MODIS Land Surface Temperature over a Heterogeneous Area: An Investigation of Machine Learning Techniques, Feature Selection, and Impacts of Mixed Pixels.” Computers Geosciences 124: 93–102.
  • Essa, W., B. Verbeiren, J. Van Der Kwast, T. Van De Voorde, and O. Batelaan. 2012. “Evaluation of the DisTrad Thermal Sharpening Methodology for Urban Areas.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 19: 163–172.
  • Hanqiu, X. 2005. “A Study on Information Extraction of Water Body with the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI).” Journal of Remote Sensing 9(5): 589–595.
  • Hutengs, C., and M. Vohland. 2016. “Downscaling Land Surface Temperatures at Regional Scales with Random Forest Regression.” Remote Sensing of Environment 178: 127–141.
  • Jeganathan, C., N. A. S. Hamm, S. Mukherjee, P. M. Atkinson, P. L. N. Raju, and V. K. Dadhwal. 2011. “Evaluating a Thermal Image Sharpening Model over a Mixed Agricultural Landscape in India.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation Geoinformation 13 (2): 178–191.
  • Jiang, Y., and Q. Weng. 2017. “Estimation of Hourly and Daily Evapotranspiration and Soil Moisture Using Downscaled LST over Various Urban Surfaces.” Giscience Remote Sensing 54 (1): 95–117.
  • Ke, G., Q. Meng, T. W. Finley, T. Wang, W. Chen, M. Weidong, Y. Qiwei, and T. Liu. 2017. “LightGBM: A Highly Efficient Gradient Boosting Decision Tree.” Paper presented at the neural information processing systems, Long Beach, CA, USA.
  • Kustas, W. P., and M. C. Anderson. 2009. “Advances in Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing for Land Surface Modeling.” Agricultural Forest Meteorology 149 (12): 2071–2081.
  • Li, W., N. Li, L. Zhaoliang, S. Duan, and W. Hua. 2019. “Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms in Spatial Downscaling of MODIS Land Surface Temperature.” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations Remote Sensing 12 (7): 2299–2307.
  • Li, Z., and F. Becker. 1993. “Feasibility of Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Determination from AVHRR Data.” Remote Sensing of Environment 43 (1): 67–85.
  • Li, Z., B. Tang, W. Hua, H. Ren, G. Yan, Z. Wan, I. F. Trigo, and J. A. Sobrino. 2013. “Satellite-derived Land Surface Temperature: Current Status and Perspectives.” Remote Sensing of Environment 131: 14–37.
  • Maselli, F. 2001. “Definition of Spatially Variable Spectral Endmembers by Locally Calibrated Multivariate Regression Analyses.” Remote Sensing of Environment 75 (1): 29–38.
  • Naegeli, K., A. Damm, M. Huss, H. Wulf, M. E. Schaepman, and M. Hoelzle. 2017. “Cross-Comparison of Albedo Products for Glacier Surfaces Derived from Airborne and Satellite (Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8) Optical Data.” Remote Sensing 9 (2): 110.
  • Norman, J. M., and F. Becker. 1995. “Terminology in Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing of Natural Surfaces.” Agricultural Forest Meteorology 77: 153–166.
  • Pan, X., X. Zhu, Y. Yang, C. Cao, X. Zhang, and L. Shan. 2018. “Applicability of Downscaling Land Surface Temperature by Using Normalized Difference Sand Index.” Scientific Reports 8 (1): 9530.
  • Pardoiguzquiza, E., V. F. Rodriguezgaliano, M. Chicaolmo, and P. M. Atkinson. 2011. “Image Fusion by Spatially Adaptive Filtering Using Downscaling Cokriging.” ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing 66 (3): 337–346.
  • Pebesma, E., and C. G. Wesseling. 1998. “GSTAT: A Program for Geostatistical Modelling, Prediction and Simulation.” Computers Geosciences 24 (1): 17–31.
  • Peng, Y., L. Weisheng, X. Luo, and L. Hua. 2019. “A Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression Model for Spatial Downscaling of MODIS Land Surface Temperatures over Urban Heterogeneous Regions.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Remote Sensing 57 (7): 5012–5027.
  • Pereira, O., J. Ribeiro, A. J. Melfi, C. R. Montes, and Y. Lucas. 2018. “Downscaling of ASTER Thermal Images Based on Geographically Weighted Regression Kriging.” Remote Sensing 10 (4): 633.
  • Priem, F., A. Okujeni, S. Van Der Linden, and F. Canters. 2019. “Comparing Map-based and Library-based Training Approaches for Urban Land-cover Fraction Mapping from Sentinel-2 Imagery.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation Geoinformation 78: 295–305.
  • Rahman, M. M., and A. Robson. 2020. “Integrating Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Time Series Data for Yield Prediction of Sugarcane Crops at the Block Level.” Remote Sensing 12 (8): 1313.
  • Veloso, A., S. Mermoz, A. Bouvet, T. Le Toan, M. Planells, J. F. Dejoux, and E. Ceschia. 2017. “Understanding the Temporal Behavior of Crops Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2-like Data for Agricultural Applications.” Remote Sensing of Environment 199: 415–426.
  • Voogt, J. A., and T. R. Oke. 2003. “Thermal Remote Sensing of Urban Climates.” Remote Sensing of Environment 86 (3): 370–384.
  • Wang, S., X. Luo, and Y. Peng. 2020. “Spatial Downscaling of MODIS Land Surface Temperature Based on Geographically Weighted Autoregressive Model.” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. doi:10.1109/jstars.2020.2968809.
  • Wright, M. N., and A. Ziegler. 2017. “Ranger: A Fast Implementation of Random Forests for High Dimensional Data in C++ and R.” Journal of Statistical Software 77 (1). doi:10.18637/jss.v077.i01.
  • Wu, J., B. Zhong, S. Tian, A. Yang, and W. Junjun. 2019. “Downscaling of Urban Land Surface Temperature Based on Multi-Factor Geographically Weighted Regression.” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations Remote Sensing 12 (8): 2897–2911.
  • Xiucheng, Y., Q. Qiming, G. Pierre, and M. Koehl. 2018. “Urban Surface Water Body Detection with Suppressed Built-up Noise Based on Water Indices from Sentinel-2 MSI Imagery.” Remote Sensing of Environment 219: 259–270. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2018.09.016.
  • Xu, J., F. Zhang, H. Jiang, H. Hongda, K. Zhong, W. Jing, J. Yang, and B. Jia. 2020. “Downscaling Aster Land Surface Temperature over Urban Areas with Machine Learning-Based Area-To-Point Regression Kriging.” Remote Sensing 12: 7. doi:10.3390/rs12071082.
  • Xu, R., J. Liu, and X. Jianhui. 2018. “Extraction of High-Precision Urban Impervious Surfaces from Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imagery via Modified Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis.” Sensors 18 (9): 2873.
  • Yang, C., Q. Zhan, L. Yunzhe, and H. Liu. 2019. “Downscaling Land Surface Temperature Using Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression over Heterogeneous Landscapes in Wuhan, China.” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 12 (12): 5213–5222. doi:10.1109/jstars.2019.2955551.
  • Yang, Y., C. Cao, X. Pan, L. Xiaolong, and X. Zhu. 2017a. “Downscaling Land Surface Temperature in an Arid Area by Using Multiple Remote Sensing Indices with Random Forest Regression.” Remote Sensing 9 (8): 789.
  • Yang, Y., X. Zhang, L. Xi, H. Jia, X. Pan, Q. Zhu, and S. Weizhong. 2017b. “Effects of Building Design Elements on Residential Thermal Environment.” Sustainability 10 (1): 57.
  • Zawadzka, J., R. Corstanje, J. A. Harris, and I. Truckell. 2019. “Downscaling Landsat-8 Land Surface Temperature Maps in Diverse Urban Landscapes Using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines and Very High Resolution Auxiliary Data.” International Journal of Digital Earth 13(8):  899–914.
  • Zha, Y., J. Gao, and N. Shaoxiang. 2003. “Use of Normalized Difference Built-up Index in Automatically Mapping Urban Areas from TM Imagery.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 24 (3): 583–594.
  • Zhan, W., Y. Chen, J. Zhou, J. Wang, W. Liu, J. A. Voogt, X. Zhu, J. Quan, and J. Li. 2013. “Disaggregation of Remotely Sensed Land Surface Temperature: Literature Survey, Taxonomy, Issues, and Caveats.” Remote Sensing of Environment 131: 119–139.
  • Zhou, J., Y. Chen, J. Wang, and W. Zhan. 2011. “Maximum Nighttime Urban Heat Island (UHI) Intensity Simulation by Integrating Remotely Sensed Data and Meteorological Observations.” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations Remote Sensing 4 (1): 138–146.
  • Zhou, Z., and J. Feng. 2017. “Deep Forest: Towards an Alternative to Deep Neural Networks.” Paper presented at the international joint conference on artificial intelligence, Melbourne, Australia.
  • Zhuk, I. P., and N. I. Stetyukevich. 1991. “Relationship between Emissivity of Metals and Their Thermophysical Properties.” Journal of Engineering Physics 61 (4): 1283–1284.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.