20
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Field observations of microwave backscatter from Weddell Sea ice

, , &
Pages 167-180 | Received 24 Oct 1994, Accepted 28 Mar 1995, Published online: 27 Apr 2007

References

  • ACKLEY , S. F. , 1979 , Mass-balance aspects of Weddell Sea pack ice. Journal of Glaciology , 24 , 391 – 405 .
  • ANDREAS , E. L. , LANGE , M. A. , ACKLEY , S. F. , and WADHAMS , P. , 1993 , Roughness of Weddell Sea ice and estimates of the air-ice drag coefficient. Journal of Geophysical Research , 98 , 12439 – 12452 .
  • ARCONE , S. A. , GOW , A. G. , and MCGREW , S. , 1986 , Structure and dielectric properties at 4·8 and 9·6GHz of saline ice. Journal of Geophysical Research , 91 , 14281 – 14303 .
  • Cox , G. F. N. , and WEEKS , W. F. , 1982 , Equations for determining the gas and brine volumes in sea-ice samples. CRREL Report 82–30, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover : NH .
  • FRITSEN , C. H. , LYTLE , V. I. , ACKLEY , S. F. , and SULLIVAN , C. W. , 1994 , Autumn bloom of Antarctic pack-ice algae. Science , 266 , 782 – 784 .
  • Gow , A. J. , ACKLEY , S. F. , BUCK , K. R. , and GOLDEN , K. M. , 1987 , Physical and structural characteristics of Weddell Sea pack ice. CRREL Report 87–14, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover : NH .
  • HALLIKAINEN , M. T. , 1977 , Dielectric properties of NaCl ice at 16GHz. Report S-107, Helsinki University of Technology, Radio Laboratory, Espoo , Finland .
  • HALLIKAINEN , M. T. , ULABY , F. T. , and ABDELRAZIK , M. , 1986 , Dielectric properties of snow in the 3- to 37-GHz range. I.E.E.E. Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 34 , 1329 – 1340 .
  • HALLIKAINEN , M. T. , TOIKKA , M. , and HYYPPA , J. , 1988 , Microwave dielectric properties of low-salinity sea ice. Remote Sensing: Moving towards the 21st Century, Proceedings of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS'88) held in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 13–16 September 1988, SP-284 ( Noordwijk : European Space Agency ) pp. 419 – 420 .
  • HOEKSTRA , P. , and CAPPILLINO , P. , 1971 , Dielectric properties of sea and sodium chloride ice at UHF and microwave frequencies. Journal of Geophysical Research , 76 , 4922 – 4931 .
  • HOSSEINMOSTAFA , A. R. , LYTLE , V. I. , JEZEK , K. C. , GOGINENI , S. P. , ACKLEY , S. F. , and MOORE , R. K. , 1995 , Comparison of radar backscatter from Antarctic and Arctic sea ice. Electromagnetic Wave Applications , 9 , 421 – 438 .
  • LANGE , M. A. , and EICKEN , H. , 1991 a, Textural characteristics of sea ice and the major mechanisms of ice growth in the Weddell Sea. Annals of Glaciology , 15 , 210 – 215 .
  • LANGE , M. A. , and EICKEN , H. , 1991 b, The sea ice thickness distribution in the Northwestern Weddell Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research , 96 , 4821 – 4837 .
  • LYTLE , V. L. , 1992 , Ku-band (13–9 GHz) radar backscatter over sea ice in the southern ocean, PhD Thesis, Dartmouth College, Hanover : NH .
  • STOGRYN , A. , and DESARGEANT , G. J. , 1985 , The dielectric properties of brine in sea ice at microwave frequencies. I.E.E.E. Transactions on Antennas and Propagation , 33 , 523 – 532 .
  • TSANG , L. , KONG , J. A. , and SHIN , R. T. , 1985 , Theory of Microwave Remote Sensing , ( New York : John Wiley and Sons ).
  • ULABY , F. T. , MOORE , R. K. , and FUNG , A. K. , 1982 , Microwave Remote Sensing: Active and Passive, vol.11 ( Norwood , MA : Artech House ).
  • ULABY , F. T. , MOORE , R. K. , and FUNG , A. K. , 1986 , Microwave Remote Sensing: Active and Passive , vol.111 ( Norwood , MA : Artech House ).
  • VANT , M. R. , GRAY , R. , RAMSEIER , R. , and MAKIOS , V. , 1974 , Dielectric properties of fresh and sea ice and 10 and 35GHz. Journal of Applied Physics , 45 , 4712 – 4717 .
  • WADHAMS , P. , LANGE , M. A. , and ACKLEY , S. F. , 1987 , The ice thickness distribution across the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic Ocean in midwinter. Journal of Geophysical Research , 92 , 14534 – 14552 .
  • WANG , Q. , and GOGINENI , S. , 1991 , A numerical procedure for recovering scattering coefficients from measurements with wide-beam antennas. I.E.E.E. Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , 29 , 778 – 783 .
  • WEEKS , W. F. , and ACKLEY , S. F. , 1982 , The growth, structure and properties of sea ice. CRREL Report 82–1, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover : NH .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.