2,258
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The development of early reservoirs to supply water to arterial canals in England and Wales

&

ARCHIVAL SOURCES

  • Institution of Civil Engineers Archive
  • ICE REN/RB/02/001 Copy of letter written by John Rennie regarding Rudyard Reservoir 28th February 1797.
  • ICE REN/RB/02/042 (1797) Copy of letter written by John Rennie regarding Rudyard Reservoir 20th November 1797.
  • Staffordshire Record Office
  • SRO 6702/1 (1796–1803) Letter Book of Samuel Barnett & Co., tin plate manufacturers of Kings Bromley.
  • SRO 6783/1 (18961958) Weekly reports on Rudyard Reservoir.
  • SRO D3186/1/1/1 (1766–1845) Minutes of the half-yearly general meetings of the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal Company.
  • SRO D3186/1/8/1/1-24 (1772–3) Accounts of carriage of freight on the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal and Trent and Mersey Canal passing or using Radford Wharf or bridge and/or Haywood Wharf.
  • SRO D3186/1/8/2 (1773) Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal company records of tonnage carried by the Burton Boat Company in 1773.
  • SRO D3186/3/3/1/1-2 (1814–1819) Half-yearly abstract of tonnage on coal and merchandise on the Stourbridge Canal.
  • SRO D3186/3/3/2/1-8 (1816–1822) Balance sheets showing accounts with abstract of tonnage on the Stourbridge Canal.
  • SRO D593/B/1/11/40 (1792) Copy agreement between Mill owners on the River Trent and the Trent and Mersey Navigation Co. respecting compensation for streams directed from the mill to supply the canal.
  • SRO D593/L/1/14/2 (1795) Letter from J. Sparrow, agent of the Trent and Mersey Canal to the Marquess of Stafford regarding water supplies to the canal.
  • SRO D593/V/3/29 (1797) Minutes of the proceedings of the Lords Committee, on the Bill for Rudyard Reservoir.
  • SRO D997/V/2/1 (1819) Assignment from the executors of Thomas Breck deceased to a trustee for Thomas Kinnersley Esquire of the residue of a term of 1000 years affecting the Bath House Estate in the Parish of Wolstanton.
  • SRO, D3098/8/11 Miscellaneous documents concerning waterways and railways, including annual reports of the Trent and Mersey Canal Company. SRO Q/RUb/1 (1795–1797) Clerk of the Peace for
  • Staffordshire Canal Boat Register.
  • SRO Q/SB 1792 A/14 (1792) Conviction of John Gwinnett of Tipton, yeoman, for obstructing the Birmingham and Birmingham and Fazeley Canal Navigation by spilling and wasting the water, upon information of Samue[l] Bull of Smethwick, engineer, 24 Oct 1791.
  • SRO Q/SB 1824 T/3 (1824) John Brindley junior of Norton in the Moors, boatman, for wilfully wasting water in the canal at Cheddleton by improperly drawing the floodgates at the Hazlehurst lock, Jun 1824.
  • SRO Q/SB 1829 T/7 (1829) Conviction under the Canal Acts: John Timins of Kinver, boatman, for allowing a boat on the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal to strike against the bottom gate of the Stewponey Lock in Kinver before it was empty; Christopher Boden of Kinver, boatman, for wasting water at the Stewponey Lock on the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal at Kinver, Jun 1829.
  • SRO D3742/3/4/1/7 (1913–1940) Staffordshire Potteries Water Board engineer’s reports relating to water supplies.
  • The National Archives, Kew
  • TNA RAIL 827/2/2 (1796–1804) Ellesmere Canal Company general committee minutes
  • TNA RAIL 871/1 (1766–1785) Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal Company Committee order book.
  • TNA RAIL 878/113 (1796) Copy deposition of witnesses before the committee of the Trent and Mersey Canal Bill, 4th, 8th and 9th November 1796.
  • Acts of Parliament (chronologically)
  • Public Act 32 Geo II c.2 (1758) An Act to enable the most Noble Francis Duke of Bridgewater to make a navigable Cut or Canal from a certain Place in the Township of Salford, to or near Worsley Mill and Middlewood, in the Manor of Worsley, and to or near a Place called Hollin Ferry, in the County Palatine of Lancaster.
  • Private Act 33 Geo II, c.2 (1759) An Act to enable the Most Noble Francis Duke of Bridgewater to make a navigable Cut or Canal, from or near Worsley Mill, over the River Irwell, to the Town of Manchester, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, and to, or near Longford Bridge, in the Township of Stretford, in the said County.
  • Private Act 2 Geo III, c.11 (1762) An Act to enable the Most Noble Francis Duke of Bridgewater to make a navigable Cut or Canal from Longford Bridge, in the Township of Stretford, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, to the River Mersey, at a Place called The Hemp Stones, in the Township of Halton, in the County of Chester.
  • Public Act 6 Geo III c.96 (1765) An Act for making a navigable Cut or Canal from the River Trent, at or near Wilden Ferry, in the County of Derby, to the River Mersey, at or near Runcorn Gap.
  • Public Act 8 Geo III c.36 (1768) An Act for making and maintaining a navigable Canal from the City of Coventry, to communicate upon Fradley Heath, in the County of Stafford, with a Canal now making between the Rivers Trent and Mersey.
  • Public Act 16 Geo III c.28 (1776) An Act for making and maintaining a navigable Canal from or near the Town of Stourbridge, in the County of Worcester, to join the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal, at or near Stourton, in the County of Stafford; and also Two collateral Cuts, one from a Place called The Fens upon Pensnet Chace, to communicate with the intended Canal near the Junction of Wordesley Brook with the River Stour; and the other from a Place called Black Delph, upon the said Chace, to join the first mentioned collateral Cut at or near certain Lands called The Lays, in the Parish of Kingswinford, in the said County of Stafford.
  • Public Act 16 Geo III c.32 (1776) An Act to enable the Company of Proprietors of the Navigation from the Trent to the Mersey, to make a navigable Canal from the said Navigation, on the South Side of Harecastle, in the County of Stafford, to Froghall, and a Rail Way from thence to or near Caldon, in the said County; and to make other Rail Ways.
  • Public Act 16 Geo III c.66 (1776) An Act for making and maintaining a navigable Canal within and from certain Lands, belonging to Thomas Talbot Foley Esquire, in the Parish of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, to join and communicate with the Stourbridge Navigation, at a Place called Black Delph, upon Pensnet Chase, in the Parish of Kingswinford, in the County of Stafford.
  • Public Act 32 Geo III c.81 (1792) An Act for making and maintaining a Navigable Canal, from or from near Wyrley Bank in the County of Stafford, to communicate with the Birmingham and Birmingham and Fazeley Canal, at or near the Town of Wolverhampton in the said County; and also certain Collateral Cuts therein described, from the said intended Canal.
  • Public Act 33 Geo III c.113 (1793) An Act for making and maintaining a Navigable Canal from the North End of the Shropshire Canal in the Township of Rockwardine Wood, in the County of Salop, to the Town of Shrewsbury in the said County.
  • Public Act 34 Geo III c. 25 (1794) An Act for extending the Wyrley and Essington Canal.
  • Public Act 34 Geo III c. 78 (1794) An Act for making and maintaining a Navigable Canal from the Calder Navigation, at or near Sowerby Bridge Wharf, in the Parish of Halifax in the West Riding of the County of York, to join the Canal of his Grace the Duke of Bridgewater, in the Parish of Manchester in the County Palatine of Lancaster; and also certain Cuts from the said intended Canal.
  • Public Act 35 Geo. III c.58 (1795) An Act for requiring all Boats, Barges and other Vessels, of certain Descriptions, used on Navigable Rivers, and on Inland Navigations in Great Britain, to be registered.
  • Public Act 35 Geo III c.87 (1795) An Act for making and maintaining a Navigable Canal from and out of the Navigation from the Trent to the Mersey at or near Stoke upon Trent, in the County of Stafford, to the Town of Newcastle under Lyme in the said county.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

  • Bengtsson, L, Herschy, R. W., & Fairbridge, R. W. (eds), Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs (Dordrecht).
  • Binnie, G. M., 1987. Early Dam Builders in Britain (London).
  • Blair, J. (ed.), 2007. Waterways and Canal-Building in Medieval England (Oxford).
  • Bligh, D., Brown, D., & Crowe, N., 2007. ‘Birmingham Canal, England—a future unlocked by Telford’, Proc Inst Civil Eng, 160 (5), pp, 56–60.
  • Bond, J., 2007. ‘Canal construction in the early Middle Ages: an introductory review’, in Waterways and Canal-Building in Medieval England, ed. Blair, pp. 153–206.
  • Boughey, J., & Hadfield, C., 1994. Hadfield’s British Canals: the inland waterways of Britain and Ireland, 8th edn (Stroud).
  • Clarke, M., 2008. Midi Canal [online]. Encyclopædia Britannica; https://www.britannica.com/topic/Midi-Canal [accessed 24 May 2018].
  • Clarke, M., 2011. ‘John Rennie and the Rochdale Canal, UK’, Engl Hist & Heritage, 164 (EH3), pp. 143–54.
  • Downward, S., & Skinner, K., 2005. ‘Working rivers: the geomorphological legacy of English freshwater mills’, Area, 37 (2), pp. 138–47. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2005.00616.x
  • Endfield, G. H., & Van Lieshout, C., 2018a. ‘Contested subterranean waterscapes: lead mining sough disputes in Derbyshire’s Derwent Valley’, in Waterways and the Cultural Landscape, ed. F. Vallerani & F. Visentin (London), pp. 86–100.
  • Endfield, G. H., & Van Lieshout, C., 2018b. ‘Water and vertical territory: the volatile and hidden historical geographies of Derbyshire’s lead mining soughs, 1650s–1830s’, Geopolitics, pp. 1–23.
  • Freeman, M .J., 1980. ‘Road transport in the English Industrial Revolution: An interim reassessment’, J Hist Geogr, 6 (1), pp. 17–28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-7488(80)90041-9
  • Gunston, H., & Bayliss, A., 2009. ‘Water from Wendover Springs: a history of the development and measurement of water flows from a canal supply source’, J Railway & Canal Hist Soc, No. 204, 36. 4, pp. 10–21.
  • Hadfield, C., 1969. The Canals of the West Midlands, 2nd edn (Newton Abbot).
  • Hadfield, C., 1981. The Canal Age, 2nd edn (Newton Abbot).
  • Harvey-Fishenden, A., Macdonald, N., & Bowen, J. P., 2019. ‘Dry weather fears of Britain’s early ‘industrial’ canal network’, Regional Environ Change, 19 (8), pp. 2325–37. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-019-01524-5
  • Hassan, J. A., 1985. ‘The growth and impact of the British water industry in the nineteenth century’, Econ Hist Rev, 38 (4), pp. 531–47. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2597187
  • Herschy, R. W., 2012. ‘Reservoirs, early British history’, in Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs, ed. Bengtsson, Herschy & Fairbridge, pp. 660–2.
  • Hoskins, W. G., 1955. The Making of the English Landscape (London).
  • Ibsen, M.-L., & Brunsden, D., 1996. ‘The nature, use and problems of historical archives for the temporal occurrence of landslides, with specific reference to the south coast of Britain, Ventnor, Isle of Wight’, Landslides in the European Union, 15 (3), pp. 241–58.
  • Jaillot, A. H., & Cordier, L., 1700. Diocèse de Castres, dédié à Messire Augustin de Maupeou, Conseiller du Roy en ses Conseils Evêque de Castres (Google Earth image dated 23/4/2017).
  • Kipling, Rudyard, 1894. The Jungle Book (London).
  • van Lieshout, C., 2016. ‘Drought and Dragons: geography, rainfall, and eighteenth-century London’s water systems’, Technol & Cult, 57 (4), pp 780–805. doi: https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2016.0107
  • Lindsay, J., 1965. ‘The Butterfly Coal and Iron Works, 1792-1816’, Derbyshire Archaeol J, 85, pp. 25–43.
  • Marsh, T., 2012. ‘Droughts and water management in England and Wales: with particular reference to reservoirs and lakes’, in Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs, ed. Bengtsson, Herschy & Fairbridge, pp. 224–31.
  • McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., & Kliest, J., 1993. ‘The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales’, in Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Applied Climatology, 17-22 January 1993, Anaheim, CA, American Meteorological Soc (Boston, MA), pp. 179–84.
  • McTominey, A., 2019. ‘The “Leeds Lake District”: water supply, rural environment, and the cultural landscape in Victorian and Edwardian Britain’, Cult & Soc Hist, 16 (5), pp. 561–79. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2019.1695561
  • Mukerji, C., 2009. Impossible Engineering: technology and territoriality on the Canal du Midi (Princeton & Oxford).
  • Palliser, D. M., 1976. The Staffordshire Landscape (London).
  • Parkes, J., 1825. A Statement of the Claim of the Subscribers to the Birmingham & Liverpool Rail Road to an Act of Parliament in Reply to the Opposition of the Canal Companies, 2nd edn (London).
  • Revill, G., 2007. ‘William Jessop and the River Trent: mobility, engineering and the landscape of eighteenth-century “Improvement”‘, Trans Inst Br Geogr, new ser, 32 (2), pp. 201–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2007.00249.x
  • Rhodes, E., 2007. ‘Identifying human modification of river channels’, in Waterways and Canal-Building in Medieval England, ed, Blair, pp. 133–52.
  • Ritvo, H., 2009. The Dawn of Green: Manchester, Thirlmere, and Modern Environmentalism (Chicago).
  • Satchell, M., 2017. ‘Navigable waterways and the economy of England and Wales: 1600–1835’, in The Online Atlas of Transport, Urbanization and Economic Development c. 1680–1911, ed. L. Shaw-Taylor, D. Bogart & M. Satchell, [online] available at: https://www.campop.geog.cam.ac.uk/research/projects/transport/onlineatlas/ [accessed 06/09/2021].
  • Skempton, A. W., 1957. ‘Canals and river navigations before 1750’, in A History of Technology Volume III: From the Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution c.1500– c.1750, ed. C. Singer, E. J. Holmyard, A. R. Hall & T. I. Williams (Oxford), pp. 438–70.
  • Taylor, A., Bruin, W. B., & Dessai, S., 2014. ‘Climate change beliefs and perceptions of weather-related changes in the United Kingdom’, Risk Analysis: an Int J 34 (11), pp. 1995–2004. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12234
  • Taylor, V., Chappells, H., Medd, W., & Trentmann, F., 2009. ‘Drought is normal: the socio-technical evolution of drought and water demand in England and Wales, 1893–2006’, J Hist Geogr, 35, pp. 568–91. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2008.09.004
  • Telford, T., 1803. ‘Canals’, in Plymley, J., General View of the Agricultural History of Shropshire (London), pp. 284–316.
  • Vernon-Harcourt, L F., 2015. Rivers and Canals: with statistics of the traffic on inland waterways: Vol. 2: Canals (Cambridge).
  • Wanklyn, M., 1996. ‘The impact of water transport facilities on the economies of English river ports, c.1660–c.1760’, Econ Hist Rev, 49 (1), pp. 20–34. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2598446
  • Watts, H. D., 1967. ‘The inland waterways of the United Kingdom in the 1960s’, Econ Geogr, 43 (4), pp. 303–13. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/143251
  • Wild, C., 2018. ‘Tracks across the Irwell: from the Liverpool & Manchester Railway to the Ordsall Chord’, Ind Archaeol Rev, 40 (2), pp. 74–87. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2018.1507166