‘That part of me is in a different language’: 1.5 generation migrants’ views on feelings of difference when switching languages

References

• Beaujour, E. 1989. Alien Tongues: Bilingual Russian Writers of the ‘First’ Emigration. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Benet-Martínez, V., J. Leu, F. Lee, and M. W. Morris. 2002. “Negotiating Biculturalism: Cultural Frame Switching in Biculturals with Oppositional Versus Compatible Cultural Identities.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 33: 492–516. doi:10.1177/0022022102033005005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besemeres, M. 2004. “Different Languages, Different Emotions? Perspectives from Autobiographical Literature.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 25 (2–3): 140–158. doi:10.1080/01434630408666526.
   Google Scholar
• Bond, M. H., and T. M. Lai. 1986. “Embarrassment and Code-Switching Into a Second Language.” Journal of Social Psychology 126 (2): 179–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell-Harris, C., M. Staroselsky, S. Smashnaya, and N. Vasilyeva. 2012. “Emotional Resonances of Bilinguals’ two Languages Vary with age of Arrival: The Russian–English Bilingual Experience in the US.” In Perspectives on Emotion, edited by P. Wilson, (Lodz Studies in Language 20), 373–395. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Danico, M. Y. 2004. The 1.5 Generation: Becoming Korean American in Hawaii. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dewaele, J.-M. 2004. ““Perceived Language Dominance and Language Preference for Emotional Speech: The Implications for Attrition Research”.” In First Language Attrition: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Methodological Issues, edited by M. S. Schmid, B. Köpke, M. Kejserand, and L. Weilemar, 81–104. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Dewaele, J.-M. 2010. Emotions in Multiple Languages. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Dewaele, J.-M. 2015. “Bilingualism and Multilingualism.” In The International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction, 1–11. New York, NY: John Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781118611463.wbielsi108.
   Google Scholar
• Dewaele, J.-M. 2016. “Why do so Many bi-and Multilinguals Feel Different When Switching Languages?” International Journal of Multilingualism 13 (1): 92–105. doi:10.1080/14790718.2015.1040406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewaele, J.-M., and W. Li. 2014. “Intra- and Inter-Individual Variation in Self-Reported Codeswitching Patterns of Adult Multilinguals.” International Journal of Multilingualism 11: 225–246. doi:10.1080/14790718.2013.878347.
   Google Scholar
• Dewaele, J.-M., and S. Nakano. 2013. “Multilinguals’ Perceptions of Feeling Different When Switching Languages.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 34 (2): 107–120. doi:10.1080/01434632.2012.712133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doolan, S. M. 2011. “A Language-Related Comparison of Generation 1.5 and L1 Student Writing.” CATESOL Journal 22 (1): 87–112. doi:10.1177/0741088313480823.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dörnyei, Z. 2007. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Frodesen, J. 2002. “At What Price Success?: The Academic Writing Development of a Generation 1.5 ‘Latecomer’.” The CATESOL Journal 14 (1): 191–206.
   Google Scholar
• Grosjean, F. 1982. Life with two Languages: An Introduction to Bilingualism. Cambridge: Mass.: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grosjean, F. 2010. Bilingual: Life and Reality. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grosjean, F. 2015. “Bicultural Bilinguals.” International Journal of Bilingualism 19 (5): 572–586. doi:10.1177/1367006914526297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grosjean, F. 2016. “The Complementarity Principle and its Impact on Processing, Acquisition and Dominance.” In Language Dominance in Bilinguals: Issues of Operationalization and Measurement, edited by C. Silva-Corvalán, and J. Treffers-Daller, 66–84. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hammer, K. 2016. “Bilingual Bonds: Acculturation, Attachment, and Being Yourself in a new Language.” International Journal of Language and Culture 3 (2): 253–279. doi:10.1075/ijolc.3.2.05ham.
   Google Scholar
• Hong, Y., C. Chiu, and T. M. Kung. 1997. “Bringing Culture out in Front: Effects of Cultural Meaning System Activation on Social Cognition.” In Progress in Asian Social Psychology, edited by K. Leung, Y. Kashima, U. Kim, and S. Yamaguchi, Vol. 1, 135–146. Singapore: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Hong, Y., G. Ip, C. Chiu, M. Morris, and T. Menon. 2001. “Cultural Identity and Dynamic Construction of the Self: Collective Duties and Individual Rights in Chinese and American Cultures.” Social Cognition 19: 251–268. doi:10.1521/soco.19.3.251.21473.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, Y., M. Morris, C. Chiu, and V. Benet-Martínez. 2000. “Multicultural Minds: A Dynamic Constructivist Approach to Culture and Cognition.” American Psychologist 55: 709–720. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.7.709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, S., B. S. Yeoh, and T. Lam. 2008. “Asian Transnational Families in Transition: The Liminality of Simultaneity.” International Migration 46 (4): 3–13. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2008.00469.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellman, S. 2000. The Translingual Imagination. Lincoln/London: University of Nebraska Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kellman, S. 2003. Switching Languages: Translingual Writers Reflect on Their Craft. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
   Google Scholar
• Köpke, B., and M. S. Schmid. 2004. “First Language Attrition: the Next Phase.” In First Language Attrition: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Methodological Issues, edited by M. S. Schmid, B. Köpke, M. Keijzer, and L. Weilemar, 1–43. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Koven, M. 1998. “Two Languages in the Self—The Self in two Languages: French-Portuguese Bilinguals’ Verbal Enactments and Experiences of Self in Narrative Discourse.” Ethos (berkeley, Calif ) 26: 410–455. doi:10.1525/eth.1998.26.4.410.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koven, M. 2001. “Comparing Bilinguals’ Quoted Performances of Self and Others in Tellings of the Same Experience in two Languages.” Language in Society 30: 513–558. doi:10.1017/S0047404501004018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koven, M. 2004. “Getting ‘Emotional’ in two Languages: Bilinguals’ Verbal Performance of Affect in Narratives of Personal Experience.” Text-Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of Discourse 24 (4): 471–515. doi:10.1515/text.2004.24.4.471.
   Google Scholar
• Li, W. 2000. The Bilingualism Reader. London, UK; New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Luna, D., T. Ringberg, and L. A. Peracchio. 2008. “One Individual, two Identities: Frame Switching among Biculturals.” Journal of Consumer Research 35 (2): 279–293. doi:10.1086/586914.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacIntyre, P. D. 2007. “Willingness to Communicate in the Second Language: Understanding the Decision to Speak as a Volitional Process.” The Modern Language Journal 91 (4): 564–576. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2007.00623.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcos, L. R. 1976. “Bilinguals in Psychotherapy: Language as an Emotional Barrier.” American Journal of Psychotherapy 30 (4): 552–560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marian, V., and M. Kaushanskaya. 2004. “Self-construal and Emotion in Bicultural Bilinguals.” Journal of Memory and Language 51 (2): 190–201. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2004.04.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marian, V., and U. Neisser. 2000. “Language-dependent Recall of Autobiographical Memories.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 129 (3): 361–368. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.129.3.361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McWhorter, J. H. 2014. The Language Hoax. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mijatović, M., and A. E. Tytus. 2019. “The bi-Personal Bilingual: A Study of the Perceived Feeling of a Changed Self.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 22 (2): 224–236. doi:10.1080/13670050.2016.1248373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miłosz, C. 1981. The Captive Mind (1953). New York: Vintage International.
   Google Scholar
• Montrul, S. A. 2008. Incomplete Acquisition in Bilingualism: Re-Examining the age Factor. Vol. 39. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Ogarkova, A., Ph. Borgeaud, and K. Scherer. 2009. ““Language and Culture in Emotion Research: A Multidisciplinary Perspective” [Special Issue “The Language of Emotion - Conceptual and Cultural Issues”]. Social Science Information 48 (3): 339–357. doi:10.1177/0539018409106196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ożańska-Ponikwia, K. 2013. Emotions From a Bilingual Point of View: Personality and Emotional Intelligence in Relation to Perception and Expression of Emotions in the L1 and L2. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars.
   Google Scholar
• Panicacci, A., and J.-M. Dewaele. 2017. “'A Voice From Elsewhere': Acculturation, Personality and Migrants’ Self-Perceptions Across Languages and Cultures.” International Journal of Multilingualism 14 (4): 419–436. doi:10.1080/14790718.2016.1273937.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panicacci, A., and J.-M. Dewaele. 2018. “Do Interlocutors or Conversation Topics Affect Migrants’ Sense of Feeling Different When Switching Languages?” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 39 (3): 240–255. doi:10.1080/01434632.2017.1361962.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavlenko, A. 2004. “'Stop Doing That, Ia Komu Skazala!': Language Choice and Emotions in Parent-Child Communication.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 25 (2–3): 179–203. doi:10.1080/01434630408666528.
   Google Scholar
• Pavlenko, A. 2005. Emotions and Multilingualism. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pavlenko, A. 2006. “Bilingual Selves.” In Bilingual Minds: Emotional Experience, Expression, and Representation, edited by A. Pavlenko, 1–33. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
   Google Scholar
• Pike, K. L. 1954. Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behaviour. The Hague: Mouton.
   Google Scholar
• Portes, A., and R. G. Rumbaut. 2001. Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ramírez-Esparza, N., S. D. Gosling, V. Benet-Martínez, J. P. Potter, and J. W. Pennebaker. 2006. “Do Bilinguals Have two Personalities? A Special Case of Cultural Frame Switching.” Journal of Research in Personality 40 (2): 99–120. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.09.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remennick, L. 2016. “Russian-Speaking Israelis in the Ethno-Social Tapestry of Israel.” In Handbook of Israel: Major Debates, edited by E. Ben-Rafael, J. E. Schoeps, Y. Sternberg, and O. Glöckner, 201–216. Berlin: De Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Remennick, L. 2017. “Generation 1.5 of Russian-Speaking Immigrants in Israel and in Germany.” In Integration, Identity and Language Maintenance in Young Immigrants: Russian Germans or German Russians, edited by L. Isurin, and C. M. Riehl, 69–98. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Rolland, L., J.-M. Dewaele, and B. Costa. 2017. “Multilingualism and Psychotherapy: Exploring Multilingual Clients’ Experiences of Language Practices in Psychotherapy.” International Journal of Multilingualism 14 (1): 69–85. doi:10.1080/14790718.2017.1259009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rumbaut, R. 1994. “The Crucible Within: Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem, and Segmented Assimilation Among Children of Immigrants.” International Migration Review 28 (4): 748–794. doi:10.1177/019791839402800407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rumbaut, R. 1997. “Paradoxes (and Orthodoxies) of Assimilation.” Sociological Perspectives 40 (3): 481–511. doi:10.2307/1389453.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rumbaut, R. G. 2004. “Ages, Life Stages, and Generational Cohorts: Decomposing the Immigrant First and Second Generations in the United States.” International Migration Review 38 (3): 1160–1205. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00232.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rumbaut, R. G. 2012. “Generation 1.5, Educational Experiences Of.” In Encyclopedia of Diversity in Education, edited by J. A. Banks. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Rumbaut, R. G., and K. Ima. 1988. The Adaptation of Southeast Asian Refugee Youth: A Comparative Study. Final report to the Office of Resettlement. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Family Support Administration, Washington, D.C. [ERIC Document Service Reproduction Service No. ED 299 372].
   Google Scholar
• Schmid, M. S. 2010. “Languages at Play: The Relevance of L1 Attrition to the Study of Bilingualism.” Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1017/S1366728909990368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmid, M. S. 2011. “Language Attrition and Identity.” In Culture and Neural Frames of Cognition and Communication, edited by S. Han, and E. Pöppel, 185–198. Heidelberg, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Schmid, M. S. 2013. “First Language Attrition.” Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 3 (1): 94–115. doi:10.1075/lab.3.1.05sch.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmid, M. S., and E. Dusseldorp. 2010. “Quantitative Analyses in a Multivariate Study of Language Attrition: The Impact of Extralinguistic Factors.” Second Language Research 26 (1): 125–160. doi:10.1177/0267658309337641.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmid, M. S., and B. Köpke. 2007. “Bilingualism and Attrition.” In Language Attrition: Theoretical Perspectives, edited by B. Köpke, M. S. Schmid, M. Keijzer, and S. Dostert, 1–7. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Venturin, B. 2019. “`I Don’t Fit in Here and I Don’t Fit in There': Understanding the Connections Between L1 Attrition and Feelings of Identity in 1.5 Generation Russian Australians.” Heritage Language Journal 16 (2): 238–268. doi:10.46538/hlj.16.2.6. [Special Issue on Russian Heritage Speakers In Memory of Olga Kagan].
   Google Scholar
• Wang, B., and F. L. Collins. 2016. “Becoming Cosmopolitan? Hybridity and Intercultural Encounters Amongst 1.5 Generation Chinese Migrants in New Zealand.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 39 (15): 2777–2795. doi:10.1080/01419870.2016.1171372.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, M., and R. L. Burden. 1999. “Students’ Developing Conceptions of Themselves as Language Learners.” The Modern Language Journal 83 (2): 193–201. doi:10.1111/0026-7902.00015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, R. J. 2013. “Another Language is Another Soul.” Language and Intercultural Communication 13 (3): 298–309. doi:10.1080/14708477.2013.804534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar