4,103
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Defiance within the decline? Revisiting new Welsh speakers’ language journeys

Pages 306-322 | Received 03 Sep 2019, Accepted 15 Jan 2021, Published online: 02 Feb 2021

References

  • Baker, C. 2011. Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
  • Baker, C., and S. Prys Jones, eds. 1998. Encyclopaedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Berg, B. L. 2007. Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
  • Bermingham, N. 2017. “Double New Speakers? Language Ideologies of Immigrant Students in Galicia.” In New Speakers of Minority Languages, edited by C. Smith-Christmas, N. Ó. Murchadha, M. Hornsby, and M. Moriarty, 111–130. London: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-57558-6_6.
  • Bourdieu, P. 1977. “The Economics of Linguistic Exchanges.” Social Science Information 16 (6): 645–668.
  • Bourdieu, P. 1991. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. 1996. The Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Brooks, S., and R. E. Roberts, eds. 2013. Pa Beth Yr Aethoch Allan I’w Achub? Ysgrifau i gynorthwyo’r gwrthsafiad yn erbyn dadfeiliad y Gymru Gymraeg. Llanrwst: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch.
  • Caerffili County Borough. 2011. Census Ward Profiles. Caerffili: Caerffili County Borough Council. Accessed February 3, 2020. https://www.caerffili.gov.uk/CaerphillyDocs/Statistics-and-data-2011/Caerphilly_county_borough_profile.aspx.
  • Caerffili County Borough. 2017a. 5 Year Welsh Language Strategy. Caerffili: Caerffili County Borough Council. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://www.caerphilly.gov.uk/My-Council/Strategies,-plans-and-policies/Equalities/Welsh-Language-Strategy.
  • Caerffili County Borough. 2017b. Welsh in Education Strategic Plan 2017–2020. Caerffili: Caerffili County Borough Council. Accessed February 17, 2020. https://www.caerphilly.gov.uk/CaerphillyDocs/Schools/WelshEducationStrategicPlan201720.aspx.
  • Carty, N. 2018. “New Speakers, Potential New Speakers, and Their Experiences and Abilities in Scottish Gaelic.” In New Speakers of Minority Languages, edited by C. Smith-Christmas, N. Ó. Murchadha, M. Hornsby, and M. Moriarty, 253-270. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Chase, S. E. 2011. “Narrative Inquiry: Still a Field in the Making.” In The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, edited by N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln, 421–434. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Costa, J. 2015. “New Speakers, New Language: On Being a Legitimate Speaker of a Minority Language in Provence.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2015 (231): 127–145. doi:10.1515/ijsl-2014-0035.
  • Coupland, N. 2003. “Sociolinguistic Authenticities.” Journal of Sociolinguistics 7 (3): 417–431. doi:10.1111/1467-9481.99233.
  • Coupland, N. 2004. “Age in Social and Sociolinguistic Theory.” In Handbook of Communication and Aging Research, edited by J. F. Nussbaum and J. Coupland, 69–90. New York: Routledge.
  • Creese, A., A. Blackledge, and J. K. Takhi. 2014. “The Ideal ‘Native Speaker’ Teacher: Negotiating Authenticity and Legitimacy in the Language Classroom.” The Modern Languages Journal 98: 937–951. doi:10.1111/modl.12148.
  • Crystal, D. 2014. Language Death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139923477.
  • Cunliffe, D. 2019. “Minority Languages and Social Media.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Minority Languages and Communities, edited by G. Hogan-Brun and B. O’Rourke, 451–480. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Darquennes, J., and J. Soler. 2019. “‘New Speakers’ and Language Policy Research: Thematic and Theoretical Contributions to the Field.” Language Policy 18: 475–491. doi:10.1007/s10993-018-9506-2.
  • David, R., N. Blewitt, E. Johnston, and S. Grazier. 2004. The Socio-Economic Characteristics of the South Wales Valleys in a Broader Context: A Report for the Welsh Assembly Government. Cardiff: Institute of Welsh Affairs.
  • Davies, A. J., and D. Trystan. 2012. “‘Build It and They Shall Come?’ An Evaluation of Qualitative Evidence Relating to Student Choice and Welsh-Medium Higher Education.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 15 (2): 147–164. doi:10.1080/13670050.2011.607230.
  • De Schutter, H. 2008. “The Linguistic Territoriality Principle – A Critique.” Journal of Applied Philosophy 25 (2): 105–120. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5930.2008.00397.x.
  • Dunmore, S. S. 2017. “Immersion Education Outcomes and the Gaelic Community: Identities and Language Ideologies Among Gaelic Medium-Educated Adults in Scotland.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 38 (8): 726–741. doi:10.1080/01434632.2016.1249875.
  • Evans, D. 2019. “Welshness in ‘British Wales’: Negotiating National Identity at the Margins.” Nations and Nationalism 25 (1): 167–190. doi:10.1111/nana.12390.
  • Fishman, J. A. 1991. Reversing Language Shift: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Assistance to Threatened Languages. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • García, O. 2009. Bilingual Education in the 21st Century: A Global Perspective. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • García, O., and J. Kleifgen. 2010. Educating Emergent Bilinguals: Policies, Programs and Practices for English Language Learners. New York: Teacher's College Press.
  • Gonzàlez, I., J. Pujolar, A. Font, and Roger Martínez. 2009. Entre la identitat i el pragmatisme lingüístic. Usos i percepcions lingüístiques dels joves catalans a principis de segle. Research report. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya.
  • Grinevald, C., and M. Bert. 2011. “Speakers and Communities.” In The Cambridge Handbook of Endangered Languages, edited by P. K. Austin and J. Sallabank, 45–65. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hodges, R. 2009. “Welsh Language Use Among Young People in the Rhymney Valley.” Contemporary Wales 22: 16–35. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/uwp/cowa/2009/00000022/00000001/art00004.
  • Hodges, R. 2010. “Tua’r Goleuni: Rhesymau Rhieni dros Ddewis Addysg Gymraeg i’w Plant yng Nghwm Rhymney.” Gwerddon 6: 9–33. http://www.gwerddon.cymru/en/editions/issue6/article1/.
  • Hodges, R. 2012. “Welsh-Medium Education and Parental Incentives – The Case of the Rhymney Valley, Caerffili.” International Journal of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education 15 (3): 355–373. doi:10.1080/13670050.2011.636796.
  • Hodges, R. 2014. “Caught in the Middle: Parents’ Perceptions of New Welsh Speakers’ Language Use: The Case of Rhymney Valley, South Wales.” Zeszyty Łużyckie / Sorbian Review 48: 93–112. ISSN 0867-6364.
  • Hodges, R., and C. Prys. 2019. “The Community as a Language Planning Crossroads: Macro and Micro Language Planning in Communities in Wales.” Current Issues in Language Planning 20 (3): 207–225. doi:10.1080/14664208.2018.1495370.
  • Hornsby, M. 2015a. “The ‘New’ and ‘Traditional’ Speaker Dichotomy: Bridging the Gap.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 231: 107–125. doi:10.1515/ijsl-2013-0045.
  • Hornsby, M. 2015b. Revitalising Minority Languages: New Speakers of Breton, Yiddish and Lemko. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Jaffe, A. 2015. “Defining the new Speaker: Theoretical Perspectives and Learner Trajectories.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 231: 21–44. doi:10.1515/ijsl-2014-0030.
  • Jones, S. 2017. “What Do We Know and Not Know About Choice of Medium of Education in South-East Wales?” Wales Journal of Education 19 (2): 143–162. doi:10.16922/wje.19.2.8.
  • Jones, S. L. 2019. “Perspectives and Attitudes Towards Welsh-Medium Study at Post-Compulsory Level among 15–16-Year-old Students in the South Wales Valleys.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. doi:10.1080/13670050.2019.1668349.
  • Kornai, A. 2013. “Digital Language Death.” PLoS One 8 (10): e77056. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077056.
  • Kramsch, C. 2010. The Multilingual Subject. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Llywelyn, D. H. 2019. “Transforming Landscapes and Identities in the South Wales Valleys.” Landscape Research 44 (7): 804–821. doi:10.1080/01426397.2017.1336208.
  • Office for National Statistics. 2012. 2011 Census: Key Statistics for Wales. Newport: Office for National Statistics. Accessed February 19, 2020. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/2011censuskeystatisticsforwales/2012-12-11#proficiency-in-welsh.
  • O’Rourke, B. 2018a. “Carving out Breathing Spaces for Galician: New Speakers’ Investment in Monolingual Practices.” In Critical Perspectives on Linguistic Fixity and Fluidity: Languagised Lives, Chapter 5, edited by J. Jaspers and and L. M. Madsen. New York: Routledge.
  • O’Rourke, B. 2018b. “Just Use It! Linguistic Conversion and Identities of Resistance Amongst Galician New Speakers.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 39 (5): 407–418. doi:10.1080/01434632.2018.1429455.
  • O’Rourke, B., and J. Pujolar. 2013. “From Native Speakers to ‘New Speakers’ – Problematizing Nativeness in Language Revitalization Contexts.” Histoire Épistémologie Langage, tome 35, fascicule 2, 2013, 47–67.
  • O’Rourke, B. and J. Pujolar, eds. 2019. From New Speaker to Speaker: Outcomes, reflections and policy recommendations from COST Action IS1306 on New Speakers in a Multilingual Europe: Opportunities and Challenges. Colwyn Bay: IAITH: Welsh Centre for Language Planning.
  • O’Rourke, B., J. Pujolar, and F. Ramallo. 2015. “New Speakers of Minority Languages: the Challenging Opportunity – Foreword.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2015 (231): 1–20. doi:10.1515/ijsl-2014-0029.
  • O’Rourke, B., and F. Ramallo. 2013. “Competing Ideologies of Linguistic Authority Amongst New Speakers in Contemporary Galicia.” Language in Society 42 (3): 287–305. doi:10.1017/S0047404513000249.
  • O’Rourke, B., and J. Walsh. 2015. “New Speakers of Irish: Shifting Boundaries Across Time and Space.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 231: 63–83. doi:10.1515/ijsl-2014-0032.
  • Parry, R. G. 2012. Cymru’r Gyfraith: Sylwadau ar Hunaniaeth Gyfreithiol. Caerdydd: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru.
  • Pierce, G. 1990. Nabod Cwm Rhymni. Llandysul: Gwasg Gomer.
  • Pujolar, J., and I. Gonzàlez. 2013. “Linguistic ‘Mudes’ and the De-Ethnicization of Language Choice in Catalonia.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 16 (2): 138–152. doi:10.1080/13670050.2012.720664.
  • Pujolar, J., and B. O’Rourke. 2016. “New Speakers, Non-Native Speakers: Towards a Post-National Linguistics.” Draft Paper. Accessed July 10, 2019. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/50780525/DE-02hkd.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1554465978&Signature=EfwB5cHygBxLUVZstLN4%2BukSyLc%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DTheorizing_the_speaker_and_speakerness_l.pdf.
  • Pujolar, J., and M. Puigdevall. 2015. “Linguistic Mudes: How to Become a New Speaker in Catalonia.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 231: 167–187. doi:10.1515/ijsl-2014-0037.
  • Robert, E. 2009. “Accommodating New Speakers? An Attitudinal Investigation of L2 Speakers of Welsh in South-East Wales.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 195: 93–116. doi:10.1515/IJSL.2009.007.
  • Rosiak, K. 2018. “Polish New Speakers of Welsh: Motivations and Learner Trajectories.” Language, Culture and Curriculum 31: 168–181. doi:10.1080/07908318.2017.1415925.
  • Royles, E. 2007. Revitalising Democracy: Devolution and Civil Society in Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
  • Tannock, S. 2012. “Across a Thick White Line: The Relationship of a Welsh Medium School and a Low Income Neighbourhood in the South Wales Valleys.” Critical Social Policy 32 (2): 184–120. doi:doi.org/10.1177/0261018311420277.
  • Thomas, E. M., D. Apolloni, and W. G. Lewis. 2014. “The Learner’s Voice: Exploring Bilingual Children’s Selective Language Use and Perceptions of Minority Language Competence.” Language and Education 28 (4): 340–361. doi:doi:10.1080/09500782.2013.870195.
  • Thomas, H., and C. H. Williams, eds. 2013. Parent, Personalities and Power: Welsh-Medium Schools in South-East Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
  • Tilley, E. 2020. “Narratives of Belonging: Experiences of Learning and Using Welsh of Adult ‘New Speakers’ in North West Wales.” Unpublished PhD Thesis, Bangor University, Bangor.
  • Welsh Government. 2011a. Welsh Language (Wales) Measure. Cardiff: Welsh Government.
  • Welsh Government. 2011b. “Stats Wales: Welsh Speakers by Local Authority, Gender and Detailed Age Groups, 2011 Census.” Accessed February 3, 2020. https://statswales.gov.wales/Catalogue/Welsh-Language/Census-Welsh-Language/welshspeakers-by-localauthority-gender-detailedagegroups-2011census.
  • Welsh Government. 2017a. Cymraeg 2050: A Million Welsh Speakers. Cardiff: Welsh Government.
  • Welsh Government. 2017b. Welsh Language Transmission and Use in Families. Cardiff: Welsh Government.
  • Welsh Government and Welsh Language Commissioner. 2015. National Survey for Wales, 2013–2014. Welsh Language Use Survey. Cardiff: Welsh Government and Welsh Language Commissioner.
  • Welsh Language Commissioner. 2015. The Commissioner’s Functions Include. Cardiff: Welsh Language Commissioner. Accessed October 30, 2018. http://www.comisiynyddygymraeg.cymru/english/Pages/Home.aspx.
  • Williams, C. H. 2011. “Paradigm Shifts, Geostrategic Considerations and Minority Initiatives.” Treatises and Documents: Journal of Ethnic Studies 66: 8–23.
  • Woolard, K. A. 2011. “Is There Linguistic Life After High School? Longitudinal Changes in the Bilingual Repertoire in Metropolitan Barcelona.” Language in Society 40 (5): 617–648. doi:10.1017/S0047404511000704.