LITTERFALL, LITTER DECOMPOSITION AND MAIZE BIOASSAY OF MULCHES FROM FOUR INDIGENOUS TREE SPECIES IN MIXED AND MONOSPECIFIC PLANTATIONS IN COSTA RICA

REFERENCES

• Budelman , A. 1988 . The decomposition of the leaf mulches of Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, and Flemingia macrophylla under humid tropical conditions . Agroforestry Systems , 7 : 33 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budelman , A. 1989 . The performance of selected leaf mulches in temperature reduction and moisture conservation in the upper soil stratum . Agroforestry Systems , 8 : 53 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butterfield , R. P. and Espinoza , M. 1995 . Screening trial of 14 tropical hardwoods with an emphasis on species native to Costa Rica: fourth year results . New Forests , 9 : 135 – 145 .
   Google Scholar
• Byard , R. , Lewis , K. C. and Montagnini , F. 1996 . Leaf litter decomposition and mulch performance from mixed and monospecific plantations of native tree species in Costa Rica . Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment , 58 : 145 – 155 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Constantinides , M. and Fownes , J. H. 1994 . Nitrogen mineralization from leaves and litter of tropical plants: relationship to nitrogen, lignin and soluble polyphenol concentrations . Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 26 : 49 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornejo , F. H. , Varela , A. and Wright , S. J. 1994 . Tropical forest litter decomposition under seasonal drought: nutrient release, fungi and bacteria . Oikos , 70 : 183 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Romeu , R. and Hunter , A. 1987 . Método para el muestreo de suelos, análisis químico de suelos y tejido vegetal e investigación en invernaderos. CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica 9 – 11 . 15–27
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , P. J. 1977 . Studies of mineral cycling in a montane rain forest in New Guinea II: The production and disappearance of litter . Journal of Ecology , 65 : 971 – 992 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glover , N. and Beer , J. 1986 . Nutrient cycling in two traditional Central American agroforestry systems . Agroforestry Systems , 4 : 77 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González , E. , Butterfield , R. , Segleau , J. and Espinoza , M. 1990 . Primer Encuentro Regional sobre Especies Forestales Nativas de la Zona Norte y Atlántica. Memoria 28 – 29 . Julio 1990, Chilamate, Costa Rica. ITCR, Cartago, Costa Rica,46
   Google Scholar
• González , E. and Fisher , R. F. 1994 . Growth of native forest species planted on abandoned pasture land in Costa Rica . Forest Ecology and Management , 70 : 159 – 167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kershnar , R. and Montagnini , F. 1998 . Leaf litter decomposition, litterfall and effects of leaf mulches from mixed and monospecific plantations in Costa Rica . Journal of Sustainable Forestry , 7 : 95 – 118 .
   Google Scholar
• La Caro , F. and Rudd , R. L. 1985 . Leaf litter disappearance rates in Puerto Rican montane rain forest . Biotropica , 17 : 269 – 276 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luizao , F. J. and Schubart , H. O.R. 1987 . Litter production and decomposition in a terra-firme forest of Central Amazonia . Experientia , 43 : 259 – 265 .
   Google Scholar
• Montagnini , F. and Sancho , F. 1990 . Impacts of native trees on tropical soils: a study in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica . Ambio , 19 : 386 – 390 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montagnini , F. and Sancho , F. 1994 . Aboveground biomass and nutrients in young plantations of four indigenous tree species: implications for site nutrient conservation . Journal of Sustainable Forestry , 1 : 115 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Montagnini , F. , Ramstad , K. and Sancho , F. 1993 . Litterfall, litter decomposition, and the use of mulch of four indigenous tree species in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica . Agroforestry Systems , 23 : 39 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montagnini , F. , González , E. G. , Porras , C. and Rheingans , R. 1995a . Mixed and pure forest plantations in the humid neotropics: a comparison of early growth, pest damage, and establishment costs . Commonwealth Forestry Review , 74 : 306 – 314 .
   Google Scholar
• Montagnini , F. , Fanzeres , A. and da Vinha , S. G. 1995b . The potential of twenty indigenous tree species for reforestation and soil restoration in the Atlantic Forest region of Bahia, Brazil . Journal of Applied Ecology , 32 : 841 – 856 .
   Google Scholar
• Montagnini , F. and Mendelsohn , R. 1997 . Managing forest fallows: improving the economics of swidden agriculture . Ambio , 26 : 118 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montagnini , F. and Porras , C. 1998 . Evaluating the role of plantations as carbon sinks: an example of an integrative approach from the humid tropics . Environmental Management , 22 : 459 – 470 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palm , C. A. and Sanchez , P. A. 1990 . Decomposition and nutrient release patterns of leaves of three tropical legumes . Biotropica , 22 : 330 – 338 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palm , C. A. 1995 . Contribution of agroforestry trees to nutrient requirements of intercropped plants . Agroforestry Systems , 30 : 105 – 124 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rheingans , R. D. 1996 . The ecological, economic and political effects of tree plantation intercropping on small farm forestry in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica. Doctoral Dissertation. School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA 187
   Google Scholar
• Ruvinsky , J. 1995 . Relative leaf litter decomposition of four indigenous tree species in pure and mixed plantations in the Atlantic humid lowlands of Costa Rica. Working Paper No. 82, Tropical Resources Institute, Yale School of Forestry And Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT, USA
   Google Scholar
• Sanchez , R. A. 1995 . Science in agroforestry . Agroforestry Systems , 30 : 5 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sancho , F. and Mata , R. 1987 . Estudio detallado de suelos. Estación Biológica La Selva. Organización para Estudios Tropicales, San José, Costa Rica
   Google Scholar
• Swift , M. J. 1987 . Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility. Biology International Special Issue 13 and 20. International Union of Biological Sciences, Paris, France
   Google Scholar
• Szott , L. T. , Fernandes , E. C.M. and Sanchez , P. A. 1991 . Soil-plant interactions in agroforestry systems . Forest Ecology and Management , 45 : 127 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner , E. V.J. 1981 . The decomposition of leaf litter in Jamaican montane rain forests . Journal of Ecology , 69 : 263 – 275 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toky , O. P. and Singh , V. 1993 . Litter dynamics in short-rotation high density tree plantations in an arid region of India . Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , 45 : 129 – 145 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weider , R. K. and Lang , G. E. 1982 . A critique of the analytical methods used in examining decomposition data obtained from litter bags . Ecology , 63 : 1636 – 1642 .
   Google Scholar
• Yobterik , A. C. , Timmer , V. R. and Gordon , A. M. 1994 . Screening agroforestry tree mulches for corn growth: a combined soil test, pot trial, and plant analysis approach . Agroforestry Systems , 25 : 153 – 166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar