Development assistance on the brink

References

• Riddell , R , ed. 1996 . Aid in the 21st Century , 14 New York : United Nations Development Programme Office of Development Studies . The two scenarios are respectively discussed in
   Google Scholar
• de Montbrial , T and Jacquet , P , eds. 1997 . Rapport Annuel Mondial sur le Systeme Economique et les Strategies 1998 , 221 – 244 . Paris : Dunod . Institut francais des relations internationales
   Google Scholar
• Boyce , J K and Pastor , M Jr. 1998 . 'Aid for peace: can international financial institutions help prevent conflict?' . World Policy Journal , 15 (2) : 42 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , R . 1992 . Aid as Peacemaker; Canadian Development Assistance and Third World Conflict , Ottawa : Carleton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pinstrup-Andersen , P . 1998 . 'Changing approaches to development aid: the effect on international stability' . Global Governance , 4 (4) : 381 – 394 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma , S Y . 1998 . 'Third World studies, development studies and post-communist studies: definitions, distance and dynamism' . Third World Quarterly , 19 (3) : 340
   Google Scholar
• Gilpin , R . 1987 . The Political Economy of International Relations , 304 Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ma . “ 'Third World studies, development studies and post-communist studies' ” . 340
   Google Scholar
• Zamora , S . 1997 . “ 'Economic relations and development' ” . In The United Nations and International Law , Edited by: Joyner , C C . 264 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hayter , T and Watson , C . 1985 . Aid: Rhetoric and Reality , London : Pluto Press . See, for instance
   Google Scholar
• Cassen , R and associates . 1994 . Does Aid Work? Report to an Intergovernmental Task Force , 9 Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Programme . 1997 . Human Development Report 1997 , 24 New York : United Nations .
   Google Scholar
• World Bank . 1997 . Global Economic Prospects and the Developing Countries 1997 , 3 Washington : World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Stern , M . 1998 . Development Aid: What the Public Thinks , 4 New York : United Nations Development Programme Office of Development Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Helmich , H . March 1998 . “ 'International development co-operation in transition: the challenge to increase public support and change public attitudes' ” . March , 7 OECD Development Centre . unpublished manuscript, For an example of how public support for development was analysed 30 years ago
   Google Scholar
• Pearson , L B . 1969 . Partners in Development. Report of the Commission on International Development , 4 New York : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Power , M . 1998 . 'At sea in a sieve: trends and issues in the relationship between Northern NGOs and Northern governments' . paper presented at the Conference on Stakeholders for Development: Government-NGO Dialogue on the 21st Century Partnership Strategy . January 13-14 1998 , Paris . Edited by: Smillie , I . pp. 37 OECD .
   Google Scholar
• Carlsson , J , Kohlin , G and Ekbom , A . 1994 . The Political Economy of Evaluation: International Aid Agencies and the Effectiveness of AM , New York : St. Martin's Press . For a detailed look at aid evaluations, see
   Google Scholar
• Sewell , J W . 1997 . “ 'Foreword' ” . In Perspectives on Aid and Development , Policy Essay No 22 Edited by: Gwin , C and Nelson , J M . vii Washington, DC : Overseas Development Council . A similar viewpoint was recently formulated by James Michel in his last report as chair of the DAC. See
   Google Scholar
• OECD . 1999 . Development Co-operation: 1998 Report , 1 Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• Green , R H and Faber , M . 1994 . 'The structural adjustment of structural adjustment: Sub-Saharan Africa 1980-93' . IDS Bulletin , 25 (3) July
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations . 1997 . Agenda for Development , 22 New York : United Nations Department of Public Information .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , J . 1991 . Democratising Development: The Role of Voluntary Organizations , 4 – 5 . West Hartford , CT : Kumarian Press .
   Google Scholar
• Randel , J and German , T . 1997 . The Reality of Aid 1997/8: An Independent Review of Development Cooperation , 16 London : Earthscan Publications . Eurostep ICVA
   Google Scholar
• OECD--DAC . 1996 . Shaping the 21st Century: The Contribution of Development Co-operation , Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• Randel , J and German , T , eds. 1998 . The Reality of Aid 1998/9: An Independent Review of Poverty Reduction and Development Assistance , 222 – 223 . London : Earthscan Publications . G-7, Birmingham Summit: Final Communique, Sunday 17 May 1998. A systematic analysis of the impact of Shaping the 21st Century on donor policies is presented in Eurostep ICVA
   Google Scholar
• OECD . 1998 . Development Co-operation: 1997 Report , 1 Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• OECD-DAC . Shaping the 21st Century 9 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Ibid, p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• OECD . 1998 . Measuring Development Progress. A Working Set of Core Indicators , Paris : OECD . These indicators were refined in 1998 in consultation with the UN and the World Bank. For an update, see
   Google Scholar
• OECD . 1995 . Participatory Development and Good Governance , Development Co-operation Guideline Series Paris : OECD . This viewpoint was formalised in
   Google Scholar
• OECD-DAC . Shaping the 21st Century 7 This optimistic view still prevails; see for instance
   Google Scholar
• OECD . Development Co-operation: 1998 Report 17 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• OECD . 1999 . 'Financial flows to developing countries in 1998: rise in aid; sharp fall in private flows' . News Release , 10 June Paris
   Google Scholar
• Luke , T . 1996 . “ 'The rise and fall of OPEC aid' ” . In Foreign Aid Toward the Millennium , Edited by: Hook , S W . 125 – 137 . Boulder , CO : Lynne Rienner .
   Google Scholar
• OECD . Development Co-operation: 1998 Report , A86 Statistical Annex .
   Google Scholar
• Riddell . Aid in the 21st Century 14
   Google Scholar
• Wood , R . “ 'Rethinking economic aid' ” . In Foreign Aid Toward the Millennium Edited by: Hook . 24
   Google Scholar
• OECD . 1998 . Economic Outlook , Statistical Annex, Table 30 220 Paris : OECD . no 64
   Google Scholar
• Frankman , M J . 1996 . 'International taxation: the trajectory of an idea from Lorimer to Brandt' . World Development , 24 (5) : 814
   Google Scholar
• OECD, Development Co-operation: 1998 Report, Statistical Annex, p A2.
   Google Scholar
• OECD . 1998 . 'Aid and private flows fell in 1997' . News Release , 18 June Paris
   Google Scholar
• OECD . 1985 . Twenty-five Years of Development Co-operation. A Review , 93 Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• OECD, 'Financial flows to developing countries in 1998'.
   Google Scholar
• OECD, Development Co-operation: 1997 Report, Statistical Annex, p A8; and OECD, 'Financial flows to developing countries in 1998'.
   Google Scholar
• OECD, Development Co-operation: 1998 Report, Statistical Annex, p A14.
   Google Scholar
• Culpeper , R . 1997 . Titans or Behemoths? Vol 5, The Multilateral Development Banks , 163 Boulder , CO-Ottawa : Lynne Rienner-North-South Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Gwin , C . 1994 . US Relations with the World Bank, 1945-92 , 85 Washington : Brookings Institution .
   Google Scholar
• Rix , A . “ 'Japan's emergence as a foreign-aid superpower' ” . In Foreign Aid Toward the Millennium Edited by: Hook . 75
   Google Scholar
• OECD, 'Financial flows to developing countries in 1998'.
   Google Scholar
• OECD . Development Co-operation: 1998 Report 118
   Google Scholar
• Hirata , K . 1998 . 'New challenges to Japan's aid: an analysis of aid policy-making' . Pacific Affairs , 71 (3) : 313 Ibid, pp A59, A66. A comparable argument is made in
   Google Scholar
• Rix . “ 'Japan's emergence' ” . 81
   Google Scholar
• Curtis , M . 1997/8 . “ 'Development co-operation in a changing world' ” . In Eurostep ICVA , 4 The Reality of AM .
   Google Scholar
• Smillie , I . 1998 . 'Optical and other illusions: wends and issues in public thinking about development co-operation' . paper presented at the Conference on Stakeholders for Development: Government-NGO Dialogue on the 21st Century Partnership Strategy . January 13-14 1998 , Paris . pp. 5 OECD .
   Google Scholar
• International Research Associates (INRA), The Way Europeans Perceive Developing Countries in 1995, Euro-barometre 44.1, Report for the European Commission, Brussels: INRA European Coordination Office, March 1996.
   Google Scholar
• ICVA , Eurostep . The Reality of Aid 1997/8 266
   Google Scholar
• Cassen & associates, Does Aid Work?, p I (emphasis in original).
   Google Scholar
• Riddell, Aid in the 21st Century, p vi.
   Google Scholar
• Gwin , C and Nelson , J M . “ 'Development and aid: new evidence and new issues' ” . In Perspectives on Aid and Development Edited by: Gwin and Nelson . 11
   Google Scholar
• Tsikata , T M . March 1998 . Aid Effectiveness: A Survey of the Recent Empirical Literature , March , 26 Geneva : Policy Development and Review Department of the International Monetary Fund .
   Google Scholar
• Demery , L and Walton , M . 1997 . 'Are poverty and social targets for the 21st century attainable?' . paper presented at the Forum on Key Elements for Poverty Reduction Strategies jointly organised by the Development Assistance Committee and the Development Centre . December 4-5 1997 , Paris . pp. 1 OECD .
   Google Scholar
• World Bank . 1998 . Assessing Aid: What Works, What Doesn't, and Why , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• UNDP . 1997 . Human Development Report 1997 , 113 New York : United Nations .
   Google Scholar
• OECD . Development Co-operation: 1998 Report , A46 Statistical Annex .
   Google Scholar
• Deacon , B , Hulse , M and Stubbs , P . 1997 . Global Social Policy. International Organizations and the Future of Welfare , 87 London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Cox , A and Healey , J . 1997 . 'Poverty reduction: a review of donor strategies and practices' . paper presented at the Forum on Key Elements for Poverty Reduction Strategies jointly organised by the Development Assistance Committee and the Development Centre . December 4-5 1997 , Paris . pp. v OECD .
   Google Scholar
• OECD . Development Co-operation: 1998 Report , A66 Statistical Annex .
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Conference on Trade and Development . 1995 . The Least Developed Countries 1995 Report: Mid-Term Review of the Programme of Action , 91 New York : United Nations .
   Google Scholar
• Schmitz , G J . 1996 . 'The verdict on aid effectiveness: why the jury stays out' . International Journal , 51 (2) : 290
   Google Scholar
• Hancock , G . 1989 . Lords of Poverty: The Power, Prestige, and Corruption of the International Aid Business , New York : Atlantic Monthly Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cox and Healey . Poverty Reduction , 13
   Google Scholar
• Jean , F . 1997 . 'Le triomphe ambigu de l'aide humanitaire' . Revue Tiers Monde , 38 (151) : 641 – 657 .
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) . 1997 . Advancing the Social Agenda: Two Years After Copenhagen , 19 Geneva : UNRISD .
   Google Scholar
• Hoy , P . 1998 . Players and Issues in International Aid , 102 – 104 . West Hartford , CT : Kumarian Press . See for instance
   Google Scholar
• Rieff , D . 1997 . 'Charity on the rampage: the business of foreign aid' . Foreign Affairs , 76 (1) : 134
   Google Scholar
• Smillie . “ 'At sea in a sieve' ” . 30
   Google Scholar
• Tricontinental , Centre . 1998 . Les ONG: Instruments du Neo-liberalisme ou Alternatives Populaires? , Paris : L'Harmattan .
   Google Scholar
• Demery & Walton, 'Are Poverty and Social Targets for the 21st Century attainable?' See footnote 53.
   Google Scholar
• McKinlay , R D . 1979 . 'The aid relationship: a foreign policy model and interpretation of official bilateral economic aid of the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany, 1960-1970' . Comparative Political Studies , 11 (4) : 452
   Google Scholar
• Schraeder , P , Hook , S and Taylor , B . 1998 . 'Clarifying the foreign aid puzzle: a comparison of American, Japanese, French, and Swedish aid flows' . World Politics , 50 (2) : 319
   Google Scholar
• Lumsdaine , D H . 1993 . Moral Vision in International Politics: The Foreign Aid Regime 1949-1989 , 31 – 32 . Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press . See, for instance
   Google Scholar
• Hook , S W . 1995 . National Interest and Foreign Aid , 16 Boulder , CO : Lynne Reinner .
   Google Scholar
• German , T and Randel , J . 'Trends in aid and development cooperation' . Eurostep ICVA The Reality , 249 of Aid 1997/8
   Google Scholar
• OECD, Development Co-operation: 1998 Report, Statistical Annex, p A37.
   Google Scholar
• German and Randel . “ 'Trends in aid and development cooperation' ” . 251
   Google Scholar
• Stokke , O and Stokke , O , eds. 1996 . “ 'Foreign aid: what now?' ” . In Foreign Aid Towards the Year 2000: Experiences and Challenges , 107 London : Frank Cass . The same tendency is underlined in
   Google Scholar
• UNDP . 1992 . Human Development Report 1992 , 67 New York : United Nations .
   Google Scholar
• World Trade Organization (WTO) . 28 April 1998 . The High-Level Meeting on Integrated Initiatives for Least-Developed Countries' Trade Development. Outcome and Follow-up. Report of the Director-General , 28 April , Geneva : WTO .
   Google Scholar
• OECD-Government of Canada . 1997 . Military Expenditure in Developing Countries: Security and Development . Report of the Ottawa Symposium . March 1997 . pp. 22 This issue was on the agenda of a symposium co-sponsored by the government of Canada and the DAC in 1997. See
   Google Scholar
• Pratt , C , ed. 1989 . Internationalism Under Strain: The North-South Policies of Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden , Toronto : University of Toronto Press . The notion was developed in
   Google Scholar
• Stokke , O . 1989 . Western Middle Power and Global Poverty. The Determinants of the Aid Policies of Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden , Uppsala : Scandinavian Institute of African Studies and Norwegian Institute of International Affairs .
   Google Scholar
• Maren , M , ed. 1997 . The Road to Hell: The Ravaging Effects of Foreign Aid and International Charity , New York : Free Press . This is one of the main arguments made
   Google Scholar
• Sachs , W . 1992 . “ 'Introduction' ” . In The Development Dictionary. A Guide to Knowledge as Power , Edited by: Sachs , W . 3 London : Zed Books .
   Google Scholar
• Simon , D and Dodds , K . 1998 . 'Introduction: rethinking geographies of North-South development' . Third World Quarterly , 19 (4) : 597
   Google Scholar
• Helleiner , G K . 1994 . “ 'From adjustment to development in Sub-Saharan Africa: consensus and continuing conflict' ” . In From Adjustment to Development in Africa: Conflict, Controversy, Convergence, Consensus? , Edited by: Cornia , G A and Helleiner , G K . 11 – 14 . Basingstoke : Macmillan . On the growing consensus regarding economic conditionality and structural adjustment, see
   Google Scholar
• Therien , J-P . 1999 . 'Beyond the North-South divide: the two tales of world poverty' . Third World Quarterly , 20 (4) : 723 – 742 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girvan , Norman . 1999 . 'Counter-Globalization' . South Letter , 33 : 23 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• UNRISD . 1995 . States of Disarray: The Social Effects of Globalization , 169 Geneva : UNRISD .
   Google Scholar
• Stokke . “ 'Foreign aid: what now?' ” . 88
   Google Scholar
• Stokke , O . 1995 . “ 'Aid and political conditionality: core issues and state of the art' ” . In Aid and Political Conditionality , Edited by: Stokke , O . 1 – 87 . London : Frank Cass . For a systematic discussion of political conditionality, see
   Google Scholar
• Clayton , R and Pontusson , J . 1998 . 'Welfare-state retrenchment revisited: entitlement cuts, public sector restructuring, and inegalitarian trends in advanced capitalist societies' . World Politics , 51 (1) : 67 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noel , A and Therien , J-P . 1995 . 'From domestic to international justice: the welfare state and foreign aid' . International Organization , 49 (3) : 523 – 553 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helmich , H . 1997 . 'International development co-operation in transition' . Development , 40 (4) : 70
   Google Scholar
• Smillie . “ 'Optical and other illusions' ” . 23
   Google Scholar