References
- Loveman , B . 1979 . Chile: The Legacy of Hispanic Capitalism , New York : Oxford University Press . This verticalism is attributed to territorial acquisition, power concentration in Santiago, rigid social stratification, and the mining economy and industrial drives of the past two centuries. see
- Garreton , M A . 1989 . The Chilean Political Process , Boston , MA : Alien and Unwin .
- Bumett , B . 1970 . Political Groups in Chile , Austin , TX : University of Texas Press .
- Oppenheim , L . 1993 . Politics in Chile: Democracy, Authoritarianism, and the Search for Development , Boulder , CO : Westview .
- Loveman , B and Davies , T M . 1996 . The Politics of Anti-Politics , Wilmington , DE : SR Books .
- Abalos , JA . 1989 . Una Puerta Que Se Abre: Los Organismes No-gubemamentales en la Cooperatión al Desarrollo , Santiago : Taller de Cooperación al Desarrollo .
- Loveman , B . 1995 . “ 'Chilean NGOS: forging a role in the transition to democracy' ” . In New Paths to Democratic Develop-ment in Latin America , Edited by: Reilly , C . 119 – 144 . Boulder , CO : Lynne Rieimer .
- Silva , E . “ 'The political economy of Chile's regime transition: from radical to "pragmatic" neoliberal policies' ” . In The Struggle for Democracy in Chile Edited by: Drake and Jaksic . 98 – 127 .
- Varas , A . “ 'The crisis of legitimacy of military rule in the 1980s' ” . In The Struggle for Democracy in Chile Edited by: Drake and Jaksic . 73 – 97 .
- Garreton , M A . “ 'The political opposition and the party system under the military regime' ” . In The Struggle for Democracy in Chile Edited by: Drake and Jaksic . 211 – 250 .
- Valenzuela , A and Constable , P . 1989 . "The Chilean plebiscite: defeat of a dictator' . Current History , March : 139 – 153 .
- Oxhorn , P . 1999 . 'Recent research on Chile: the challenge of understanding "success"' . Latin America Research Review , 34 (1) : 255 – 271 .
- Schneider , C . 1993 . 'Chile: the underside of the miracle' . NACLA Report on the Americas , 26 (4) : 30 – 31 . Oxhom, Organizing Civil Society
- Petras , J and Leiva , FI . 1994 . Democracy and Poverty in Chile: The Limits to Electoral Politics , Boulder , CO : Westview .
- Oxhorn . Organizing Civil Society 282
- Taylor , L . 1998 . Citizenship, Participation and Democracy: Changing Dynamics in Chile and Argentina , New York : St Martin's . This can be translated as 'consensus democracy', 'democracy by agreement' or 'parted democracy'. See Petras & Leiva, Democracy and Poverty in Chile; Oxhorn, 'Recent research on Chile'; and
- Taylor . Citizenship, Participation and Democracy 81
- For example, the 1980 Constitution defines property, social and welfare rights and responsibilities in libertarian terms, separates political participation from a more legitimate social participation and so forth. See Chapter Four of Taylor, Citizenship, Participation and Democracy, for a complete discus-sion of the infusion of neoliberal values into the Chilean Constitution.
- Taylor . Citizenship, Participation and Democracy 52
- Collins , J and Lear , J . 1995 . Chile's Free Market Miracle: A Second Look , Oakland , CA : Food First . Petras & Leiva, Democracy and Poverty in Chile; Taylor, Citizenship, Participation and Democracy; Oxhom, Organizing Civil Society;
- Cooper , M . 1998 . 'McChile: General Pinochet, still rules: twenty-five years after Allende'' . The Nation , 23 March : 10 – 23 .
- Riquelme , A . 1999 . 'Voting for nobody in Chile's new democracy' . NACLA Report on the Americas , 32 (6) : 31 – 33 .
- Oxhorn . Organizing Civil Society 271
- Moulian , T . 1997 . Chile Actual " Anatomia de un Mito , Santiago : Ediciones LOM .
- Green , D . 1995 . Silent Revolution: The Rise of Market Economics in Latin America , London : Latin America Bureau . For economic critiques, see Schneider, 'Chile: the underside of the miracle'; Collins & Lear, Chile's Free Market Miracle; Cooper, 'McChile';
- Vergara , P . 1996 . 'In pursuit of "growth and equity": the limits of Chile's free-market social reforms' . NACLA Report on the Americas , 29 (6) : 37 – 42 .
- Fazio , H . 1997 . Mapa Actual de la Extrema Riqueza en Chile , Santiago : Ediciones LOM .
- Green , D . 1994 . 'Chile: the first Latin American tiger' . NACLA Report on the Americas , 28 (1) : 15
- Silva, 'Democracy, market economics and environmental policy in Chile'; and Castillo, Régimen Jurídico de Protection de Medio Ambiente.
- Anderson , T and Leal , D . 1991 . Free Market Environmentalism , Boulder , CO : Westview .
- Weale , A . 1992 . The New Politics of Pollution , Manchester : Manchester University Press .
- Sabatini , F . 1997 . “ 'Conflictos ambientales en América Latina: ¿Distribution de extemalidades o definitión de derechos de propiedad?'' ” . In Conflictos Ambientales: Entre la Globalización y la Sociedad Civil , Edited by: Sabatini , F and Sepúlveda , C . 49 – 74 . Santiago : CIPMA .
- Sunkel , O . 1996 . Sustentabilidad Ambiental del Creamiento Económico Chileno , Santiago : Universidad de Chile . Tomic & Toledo, 'Modernizatión, desarrollo, y medio ambiente'; and
- Collins & Lear, Chile's Free Market Miracle; M Claude, Una Vez Más Ia Miseria; and Silva, 'Democracy, market economics and environmental policy in Chile'.
- Juan Escudero, spokesperson for CONAMA, interviewed by the author, 2 June 1998, Santiago. See also Tomic & Toledo, 'Modernizatióon, desarrollo, y medio ambiente'.
- laude, Una Ves Más Ia Miseria; Altieri & Rojas, 'La tragedia ecológica del "milagro" neoliberal chileno'; and Quiroga, El Tigre Sin Selva.
- Claude . Una Vez Más Ia Miseria 198 – 199 .
- Silva . “ 'Democracy, market economics and environmental policy in Chile' ” . 25
- Morales , R U . 1998 . RALCO: Modernidad o Etnocidio en Territorio Mapuche , Temuco : Institute de Estudios Indigenas, Universidad de la Frontera .
- 1999 . Ralco: ¿Represa o Pobrezat , Santiago : Ediciones, LOM . Domingo Namuncura's account is revealed in his book
- Padilla , C and Martin , P San . 1995 . Conflictos Ambientales: Una Oportunidad para Ia Democratia , Santiago : IEP . Good representative collections include Quiroga & Van Hauwermeiren, Globalización e Insustenta-bilidad;
- Martin , P San . 1997 . Conflictos Ambientales en Chile , Santiago : IEP .
- Nuñz , R and Jungwirth , C . 1997 . Oro y Sangre de Amyapampa y Capasirca , Santiago : IEP . On mining, see
- Claude , M and Oporto , J . 2000 . La Ineflcientia de la Salmonicultura en Chile , Santiago : Terrain . On salmon farming see
- Rozas , M E . 1995 . Plaguicidas en Chile: La Guerra Química y sus Víctimas , Santiago : IEP . On pesticides see
- Sagaris , L and Araya , R . 1997 . Costanera None: ¿Qué Ciudad Queremos? , Santiago : Obervatorio Latinoamericano de Conflictos Ambientales . On the urban highway see
- On forests see M Lowy, 'Shredding Chile's forests'; Silva, "The politics of sustainable development'; and Clapp, 'Waiting for the forest law'.
- Juan Escudero, spokesperson for CONAMA, interviewed by the author, 2 June 1998, Santiago. See specifics in CONAMA, Perfil Ambiental de Chile. I say 'almost unique' because only one other body of law provides any such opening: the 1993 Indigenous Law (Ley No 19.253).
- Sabatini , F . “ '¿Que hacer frente a los conflictos ambientales?' ” . In Conflictos Ambientales Edited by: Sabatini and Sepúlveda . 299 – 317 . Claude, Una Vez Más Ia Miseria;
- Silva . “ 'Democracy, market economics and environmental policy in Chile' ” . 14
- Sabatini & Sepúlveda, Conflictos Ambientales.
- Claude . Una Vez Más Ia Miseria 200
- Taylor . Citizenship, Participation and Democracy 116
- Claude . Una Vez Más Ia Miseria 203 – 210 . Manuel Baquedano, Director of the Instituto de Ecología Política (IEP), interviewed by the author, 28 May 1998, Santiago. See also. The classifications I present here are subject to interpretation, and may not reflect the way some organisations might define themselves.
- Claude . Una Vez Más Ia Miseria 201 – 203 .
- See Silva's critique of CIPMA in 'Democracy, market economics and environmental policy in Chile'.
- Claude . Una Vez Más Ia Miseria 213
- Ghai , D and Vivian , J M . 1992 . Grassroots Environmental Action: People's Participation in Sustainable Development , London : Routledge .
- Taylor , B , ed. 1995 . Ecological Resistance Movements: The Global Emergence of Radical and Popular Environmentalism , Albany , NY : SUNY Press .
- Rosen , F . 1998 . 'People's summit in Chile brings together diverse organizations ' . Mexican Labor News and Analysis , 3 (1) : 1 – 3 .
- Menotti , Victor . 1998 . 'Santiago's other summit' . San Francisco Bay Guardian , 29 April