- This article expands upon Robin Broad (eds) Global Backlash: Citizen Initiatives for a Just World Economy, Lanham, MD: Rowman&Littlefield, 2002. The authors would like to thank Robert Blecker, John Cavanagh, Maria Floro, Adam Hochschild, Joseph Horgan, Jerome Levinson, Michael Prokosch, Shahid Qadir, Richard Tucker, John Willoughby and two anonymous reviewers for commenting on earlier drafts of this article. Robin Broad would also like to thank the Ford Foundation and the Center of Concern for their support.
- 1990 . "The Uruguay Round: gunboat diplomacy by another name' . The Ecologist , 20 (6) : 202
- Galeano , Eduardo . 1973 . Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent , 12 New York : Monthly Review Press .
- Casas , Bartolomé de Las . 1992 . In Defense of the Indians , Dekalb, IL : Northern Illinois University Press .
- Heckscher , Zahara . 2002 . “ 'Long before Seattle: historical resistance to economic globalization' ” . In Global Backlash: Citizen Initiatives for a Just World Economy , Edited by: Broad , Robin . 86 – 91 . Lanham, MD : Rowman&Littlefield . This is adapted from, See Heckscher for other case studies, including the Tupac Amaru II uprising in Peru, the campaign against the colonisation of the Congo, and the USbased anti-imperialist movement
- Keck , Margaret and Sikkink , Kathryn . 1998 . Activists Without Borders , Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press . This analysis of the anti-slave trade movement as precursor to today's social movements was informed by
- See ibid.
- Milner , Susan . 1990 . The Dilemmas of Internationalism , New York : Berg . It was in this context that Karl Marx wrote the Communist Manifesto. The examples of the European trade union internationalism in this section are from
- Collins , Henry and Abramsky , Chimen . 1965 . Karl Marx and the British Labor Movement: Years of the First International , New York : Macmillan .
- Fladeland , Betty . 1972 . Men and Brothers: Anglo-American Anti-Slavery Cooperation , Urbana, IL : University of Illinois Press .
- 1950 . The Economic Development of Latin America and Its Principle Problems , New York : UN Department of Economic Affairs . Much of what Raul Prebisch wrote was published in the CEPAL Review, the publication of the UN Economic Commission for Latin American and the Caribbean (www.eclac.org) and of UNCTAD (www.unctad.org). Prebisch's seminal work is
- Singer , Hans . 1950 . "The distribution of gains between investing and borrowing countries' . American Economic Review , 40 : 473 – 485 . Other key structuralist writing includes
- Furtado , Celso . 1967 . Development and Underdevelopment: A Structural View of the Problems of Developed and Underdeveloped Countries , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
- Hirschman's , Albert . 1959 . The Strategy of Economic Development , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press . For more on import substitution industrialisation to build up domestic manufacturing
- Broad , Robin . 2003 . "The Washington Consensus meets the global backlash: the shifting debate over development in theory and practice' . paper presented at the International Studies Association . February 28 2003 , OR, Portland.
- Barnet , Richard and Müller , Ronald . 1974 . Global Reach: The Power of Multinational Corporations , New York : Simon and Schuster .
- 1973 . The Marketing and Distribution System for Bananas , Geneva : UNCTAD . See also the pioneering work produced by Frederic F Clairmont for UNCTAD, including
- United States Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations . 1970-71 . Opening statement by Senator Frank Church on Tuesday, March 20, 1973' . Multinational Corporations and United States Foreign Policy , : 1 – 2 . 93rd and 94th Congresses, Part 1 "The International Telephone and Telegraph Company and Chile'
- United Nations General Assembly . 1974 . 'Declaration on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order' . Sixth Special Session , 1 May
- Savant , Karl P and Müller , Joachim W . 1995 . The Third World Without Superpowers , second series Vol. VoI 20 , 337 – 354 . New York : OCEANA Publications . UN General Assembly Resolution 3201. Quotes are from the preamble and section 4(e). The NIEO declaration plus its attached 'programme of action' can be found in, The Collected Documents of the Group of 77
- Compa , Lance and Hinchliffe-Darricarrere , Tashia . 1995 . 'Enforcing international labor rights through corporate codes of conduct' . Columbia Journal of Transnational Law , 33 (663) : 670 The quotation is from
- Gleckman , Harris and Knit , Riva . 1994 . Business Regulation and Competition Policy: The Case for International Action , London : Christian Aid, World Development Movement, and other NCOS . See pp 670-671 for a summary of the OECD and ILO Codes. On the 1970s UN and other external codes of conduct, see also the work of Harris Gleckman (former chief of the UNCTC'S Environmental Unit)
- Broad , Robin and Cavanagh , John . 1997 . "The corporate accountability movement: lessons and opportunities' . a study for the World Wildlife Federation's Project on International Financial Flows and the Environment , 30 July
- Sikkink , Kathryn . 1986 . 'Codes of conduct for transnational corporations: the case of the WHO/UNICEF Code' . International Organization , 40 : 815 – 840 .
- Vries , Barend A de . 1987 . Remaking the World Bank , 13 – 14 . Cabin John, MD : Seven Locks Press .
- Broad , Robin . 1988 . Unequal Alliance: The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the Philippines , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press . chs 2 and 3. The latter originally appeared as Broad's doctoral dissertation (Princeton University, 1983)
- Fröbel , Folker , Heinrichs , Jürgen and Kreye , Otto . 1980 . The New International Division of Labour: Structural Unemployment in Industrialized Countries and Industrialization in Developing Countries , Edited by: Burgess , Pete . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . On the new international division of labour, work by members of then West Germany's Max Planck Institute stands as a classic
- Hayter , Teresa . 1971 . Aid as Imperialism , London : Penguin Books .
- Payer , Cheryl . 1974 . The Debt Trap: The IMF and the Third World , New York : Monthly Review Press .
- George , Susan . 1977 . How the Other Hay Dies , Montclair, NJ : Allanheld, Osmun&Co .
- Bello , Waiden . 1982 . Development Debacle: The World Bank in the Philippines , San Francisco, CA : Institute for Food and Development Policy . This group of scholars and activists documented and analysed the Philippine-World Bank case study in two separate books: a collaborative effort by, and Broad, Unequal Alliance
- José , Vivencio R , ed. 1982 . Mortgaging the Future: The World Bank and IMF in the Philippines , Quezon City : Foundation for Nationalist Studies . The Bontoc and Kalinga delegates to the Vochong Conference on Development, 'Letter to Robert S McNamara, President, World Bank', 12 May 1975, reprinted in
- 1980 . Philippines: Repression and Resistance , 278 Utrecht : Philippines-European Solidarity Centre-Komite ng Sambayanang Filipinos (PESC-KSP) . The proceedings and verdict are reproduced in Permanent Peoples' Tribunal on the Philippines
- Wada Taw-il (pseudonym), 'We are to be sacrificed: indigenous peoples and dams', in ibid, pp 84-91.
- Bello , Waiden . 2002 . 'Pacific Panopticon' . New Left Review , 16 : 68 – 85 . See www.twnside.org.sg, www.attac.org, www.focusweb.org and www.ips-dc.org. See also the interview with, See also note 30
- Teivainen , Teivo . 2002 . "The World Social Forum and global democratisation: learning from Porto Alegre' . Third World Quarterly , 23 : 621 – 632 . For more on alternatives and on the World Social Forum, see
- Cavanagh , John Mander , Jerry . 2002 . Alternatives to Economic Globalization: A Better World Is Possible , San Francisco, CA : Berrett-Koehler .
- For expansion on the differences and similarities between today's 'rollback' and 'reshape' proponents, see Broad, Global Backlash, Parts III-V.
- Broad . Global Backlash 47 – 50 . John JSweeney, "The new internationalism', speech to the Council on Foreign Relations, New York, 1 April 1998, reproduced in
Third World Quarterly
Volume 24, 2003 - Issue 4