4,758
Views
30
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Disaggregating state fragility: a method to establish a multidimensional empirical typology

, &
Pages 1281-1298 | Received 31 Mar 2015, Accepted 02 Apr 2015, Published online: 21 Jul 2015

Bibliography

  • Adcock, Robert, and David Collier. “Measurement Validity: A Shared Standard for Qualitative and Quantitative Research.” American Political Science Review 95, no. 3 (2001): 529–546.
  • Ahlquist, John S., and Christian Breunig. “Model-based Clustering and Typologies in the Social Sciences.” Political Analysis 20, no. 1 (2012): 92–112.
  • Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1991.
  • Arndt, Christiane, and Charles Oman. Uses and Abuses of Governance Indicators. Paris: OECD, 2006.
  • Banks, Arthur S., and Kenneth A. Wilson. Cross-national Time-series Data Archive. Databanks International, 2013. http://www.databanksinternational.com.
  • Bertelsmann Stiftung. Bertelsmann Transformation Index 2008: Political Management in International Comparison. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann, 2008.
  • Bratton, Michael, Eric C. C. Chang. “State Building and Democratization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Forwards, Backwards, or Together?” Comparative Political Studies 39, no. 9 (2006): 1059–1083.
  • Call, Charles T. “Beyond the ‘Failed State’: Toward Conceptual Alternatives.” European Journal of International Relations 17, no. 2 (2011): 303–326.
  • Call, Charles T. “The Fallacy of the ‘Failed State’.” Third World Quarterly 29, no. 8 (2008): 1491–1507.
  • Call, Charles T., and Vanessa Wyeth (eds.). Building States to Build Peace. Lynne Rienner: Boulder, CO, 2008
  • Carment, David, Stewart Prest, and Yiagadeesen Samy. Security, Development, and the Fragile State: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Policy. London: Routledge, 2010.
  • Cingranelli, David L., and David L. Richards. “Respect for Human Rights after the End of the Cold War.” Journal of Peace Research 36, no. 5 (1999): 511–534.
  • Cliffe, Sarah, and Nick Manning. “Practical Approaches to Building State Institutions.” In Building States to Build Peace, edited by Charles T. Call and Vanessa Wyeth, 163–184. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2008.
  • Commission on Weak States and US National Security. On the Brink: Weak States and US National Security. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development, 2004.
  • Dogan, Mattei. “Conceptions of Legitimacy.” In Encyclopaedia of Government and Politics, edited by Mary Hawkesworth and Maurice Kogan, 116–126. London: Routledge, 1992.
  • Eizenstat, Stuart E., John Edward Porter, and Jeremy M. Weinstein. “Rebuilding Weak States.” Foreign Affairs 84, no. 1 (2005): 134–146.
  • Englehart, Neil A. “State Capacity, State Failure, and Human Rights.” Journal of Peace Research 46, no. 2 (2009): 163–180.
  • European Communities. European Report on Development: Overcoming Fragility in Africa – Forging a New European Approach. Brussels: European Communities, 2009.
  • Fabra Mata, Javier, and Sebastian Ziaja. Users’ Guide on Measuring Fragility. Bonn/Oslo: German Development Institute/UNDP, 2009.
  • Faust, Jörg, Jörn Grävingholt, and Sebastian Ziaja. “Foreign Aid and the Fragile Consensus on State Fragility.” Journal of International Relations and Development (advance online publication, December 20, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jird.2013.23.
  • Fearon, James D., and David D. Laitin. “Neotrusteeship and the Problem of Weak States.” International Security 28, no. 4 (2004): 5–43.
  • Fraley, Chris, and Adrian E. Raftery. MCLUST Version 3 for R: Normal Mixture Modeling and Model-based Clustering. Technical Report 504. Department of Statistics, University of Washington, 2006, revised 2012. http://www.stat.washington.edu/research/reports/2012/tr504.pdf.
  • Freedom House. Freedom of the Press 2014. http://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/freedom-press-2014.
  • Fukuyama, Francis. State-building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004.
  • Ghani, Ashraf, Claire Lockhart, and MichaelCarnahan. Closing the Sovereignty Gap: An Approach to State-building. Working Paper 253. London: Overseas Development Institute, 2005.
  • Gibney, Mark, Linda Cornett, and Reed Wood. Political Terror Scale 1976–2012. 2015. http://www.politicalterrorscale.org.
  • Giraudy, Agustina. “Conceptualizing State Strength: Moving beyond Strong and Weak States.” Revista de Ciencia Política 32, no. 3 (2012): 599–611.
  • Gisselquist, Rachel M. “Developing and Evaluating Governance Indexes: 10 Questions.” Policy Studies 35, no. 5 (2014): 513–531.
  • Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede. “On Ignoring Missing Data and the Robustness of Trade and Conflict Results: A Reply to Barbieri, Keshk, and Pollins.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 27, no. 2 (2010): 153–157.
  • Goertz, Gary, and James Mahoney. A Tale of Two Cultures: Qualitative and Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012.
  • Grimmer, Justin, and Gary King. “General Purpose Computer-assisted Clustering and Conceptualization.” PNAS Early Edition 108, no. 7 (2011): 2643–2650.
  • Gros, Jean-Germain. “Towards a Taxonomy of Failed States in the New World Order: Decaying Somalia, Liberia, Rwanda and Haiti.” Third World Quarterly 17, no. 3 (1996): 455–471.
  • Gutiérrez Sanín, Francisco. “Evaluating State Performance: A Critical View of State Failure and Fragility Indexes.” European Journal of Development Research 23, no. 1 (2011): 20–42.
  • Hameiri, Shahar. “Failed States or Failed Paradigm? State Capacity and the Limits of Institutionalism.” Journal of International Relations and Development 10, no. 2 (2007): 122–149.
  • Helman, Gerald B., and Steven R. Ratner. “Saving Failed States.” Foreign Policy 89 (Winter 1992): 3–20.
  • Hirschman, Albert O. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970.
  • Honaker, James, and Gary King. “What to do about Missing Values in Time-series Cross-section Data.” American Journal of Political Science 54, no. 2 (2010): 561–581.
  • Jackson, Robert H., and Carl G. Rosberg. “Why Africa’s Weak States Persist: The Empirical and the Juridical in Statehood.” World Politics 35, no. 1 (1982): 1–24.
  • Jones, Bruce D., Rahul Chandran, Elizabeth Cousens, Jenna Slotin, and Jake Sherman. From Fragility to Resilience: Concepts and Dilemmas of Statebuilding in Fragile States. New York: Center on International Cooperation at New York University/International Peace Academy, 2008.
  • Kaplan, Seth D. Fixing Fragile States: A New Paradigm for Development. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International, 2008.
  • Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay, and Massimo Mastruzzi. Governance Matters VIII: Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators, 1996–2008. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4978. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2009.
  • Knack, Stephen, and Aminur Rahman. “Donor Fragmentation and Bureaucratic Quality in Aid Recipients.” Journal of Development Economics 83, no. 1 (2007): 176–197.
  • Mearsheimer, John J., and Stephen M. Walt. “Leaving Theory Behind: Why Simplistic Hypothesis Testing is bad for International Relations.” European Journal of International Relations 19, no. 3 (2013): 427–457.
  • Migdal, Joel S. Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.
  • Milliken, Jennifer, and Keith Krause. “State Failure, State Collapse and State Reconstruction: Concepts, Lessons and Strategies.” Development and Change 33, no. 5 (2002): 753–774.
  • Munck, Gerardo L., and Jay Verkuilen. “Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: Evaluating Alternative Indices.” Comparative Political Studies 35, no. 1 (2002): 5–34.
  • North, Douglass C., John Joseph Wallis, and Barry R. Weingast. Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Service Delivery in Fragile Situations: Key Concepts, Findings and Lessons. Paris: OECD, 2008.
  • OECD. Supporting Statebuilding in Situations of Conflict and Fragility: Policy Guidance. Paris: OECD, 2011.
  • Paris, Roland. At War’s End: Building Peace after Civil Conflict. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Patrick, Stewart. Weak Links: Fragile States, Global Threats, and International Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
  • Patrick, Stewart. “Weak States and Global Threats: Fact or Fiction?” Washington Quarterly 29, no. 2 (2006): 27–53.
  • Rice, Susan E., and Stewart Patrick. Index of State Weakness in the Developing World.Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2008.
  • Rotberg, Robert I., ed. State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2003.
  • Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF). World Press Freedom Index 2012. 2012. http://www.rsf.org.
  • Schlichte, Klaus, ed. The Dynamics of States: The Formation and Crises of State Domination. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005.
  • Schneckener, Ulrich, ed. States at Risk: Fragile Staaten als Sicherheits- und Entwicklungsproblem. SWP Study 43. Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, 2004.
  • Schneider, Laura. Media Freedom Indices: What They Tell Us – And What They Don’t. Bonn: Deutsche Welle, 2014.
  • Schrodt, Philip A. “Seven Deadly Sins of Contemporary Quantitative Political Analysis.” Journal of Peace Research 51 (2014): 139–144.
  • Stewart, Frances, and Graham Brown. Fragile States. CRISE Working Paper 51. Oxford: Oxford University, 2009.
  • The PRS Group. International Country Risk Guide (ICRG) 2013. http://www.prsgroup.com/about-us/our-two-methodologies/icrg.
  • Tilly, Charles. “War Making and State Making as Organized Crime.” In Bringing the State Back In, edited by Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer and Theda Skocpol, 169–191. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
  • Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP). UCDP Battle-related Deaths Dataset v.5-2013. Uppsala University, 2012. http://www.ucdp.uu.se.
  • UNESCO. Institute for Statistics Web Glossary. Accessed August 10, 2011. http://www.uis.unesco.org/glossary.
  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). UNHCR Statistical Online Population Database. Accessed April 3, 2015. http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/populationdatabase.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Homicide counts and rates, time series 2000–2012. Accessed April 3, 2015. http://www.unodc.org/gsh/en/data.html.
  • Weber, Max. Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. 5th ed. Tübingen: Mohr, 1976.
  • Wintrobe, Ronald. The Political Economy of Dictatorship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
  • Wood, Reed M., and Mark Gibney. “The Political Terror Scale (PTS): A Re-introduction and a Comparison to CIRI.” Human Rights Quarterly 32, no. 2 (2010): 367–400.
  • World Bank. World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security, and Development. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2011.
  • Ziaja, Sebastian. “What do Fragility Indices Measure? Assessing Measurement Procedures and Statistical Proximity.” Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft 6, no. 1 (2012): 39–64.