Bibliography
- Amadiume, Ifi. Re-inventing Africa: Matriarchy, Religion and Culture. London: Zed Books, 1997.
- Afonja, Simi. “Changing Patterns of Gender Stratification in West Africa.” In Persistent Inequalities: Women and World Development, edited by Irene Tinker, 198–209. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
- Assimeng, J.M. Social Structure of Ghana: A Study in Persistence and Change. Accra: Ghana Publishing Corporation, 1999.
- Bakare-Yusuf, Bibi. “Beyond Determinism: The Phenomenology of African Female Existence.” Accessed September 20, 2015. http://agi.ac.za/sites/agi.ac.za/files/fa_2_feature_article_1.pdf.
- Batliwala, S. “The Meaning of Women’s Empowerment: New Concepts from Action.” In Population Policies Reconsidered: Health, Empowerment, and Rights, edited by Lincoln C. Chen, Gita Sen and Adrienne Germain, 127–138. Boston, MA: Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies/International Women’s Health Coalition/Harvard University Press, 1994.
- Bawa, Sylvia. “Women’s Rights and Culture in Africa: A Dialogue with Global Patriarchal Traditions.” Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d’études du développement 33, no. 1 (2012): 90–105.
- Bawa, Sylvia, and Francis Sanyare. “Women’s Participation and Representation in Politics: Perspectives from Ghana.” International Journal of Public Administration 36, no. 4 (2013): 282–291.
- Collins, Patricia Hill. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. London: Routledge, 2002.
- Deveaux, M. “Feminism and Empowerment: A Critical Reading of Foucault.” In Feminist Interpretations of Michel Foucault, edited by Susan J. Hekman, 211–238. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996.
- Escobar, A. Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012.
- Escobar, A. “The invention of development.” Current History 98, no. 631 (1999): 382–386.
- Hooks, B. Feminist Theory from Margin to Center. 2nd ed. Cambridge: South End Press, 2003.
- Kabeer, Naila. Reversed Realities: Gender Hierarchies in Development Thought. London: Verso, 1994.
- Mayoux, Linda. “Questioning Virtuous Spirals: Micro-finance and Women’s Empowerment in Africa.” Journal of International Development 11, no. 7 (1999): 957–984.
- Mazrui, Ali A. The Africans: A Triple Heritage. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1986.
- Mbembé, J.-A. On the Postcolony. Berkley: University of California Press, 2001.
- Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. Feminism without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity. Delhi: Zubaan, 2003.
- Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. “Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses.” Feminist Review, no. 30 (1988): 61–88. doi:10.2307/1395054.
- Nnaemeka, Obioma. Female Circumcision and the Politics of Knowledge: African Women in Imperialist Discourses. London: Praeger.
- Nukunya, G. K. Tradition and Change in Ghana: An Introduction to Sociology. Accra: Ghana Universities Press, 2003.
- Oyěwùmí, Oyèrónkẹ́. “Family Bonds/Conceptual Binds: African Notes on Feminist Epistemologies.” Signs 25, no. 4 (2000): 1093–1098.
- Oyěwùmí, Oyèrónkẹ́. The Invention of Women: Making an African Sense of Western Gender Discourses. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1997.
- Parpart, Jane L., Shirin Rai, and Kathleen Staudt. Rethinking Empowerment: Gender and Development in a Global/Local World. London: Routledge, 2002.
- Rowlands, Jo. Questioning Empowerment: Working with Women in Honduras. Oxford: Oxfam, 1997.
- Salm, Steven J., and Toyin Falola. Culture and Customs of Ghana. Greenwood Press, 2002.
- Stoeltje, Beverly J. “Asante Queen Mothers.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 810, no. 1 (1997): 41–71. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48124.x.
- Turshen, Meredeth. African Women: A Political Economy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
- Van der Geest, Sjaak. “‘I want to Go!’ How Older People in Ghana look forward to Death”.” Ageing and Society 22, no. 1 (2002): 7–28.
- Win, Everjoice J. “Not Very Poor, Powerless or Pregnant: The African Woman Forgotten by Development.” IDS Bulletin 35, no. 4 (2004): 61–64. doi:10.1111/j.1759-5436.2004.tb00156.x.