Precipitating state failure: do civil wars and violent non-state actors create failed states?

Bibliography

• Ahram, A. Proxy Warriors: The Rise and Fall of State-Sponsored Militias. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Ahram, A. “Pro-Government Militias and the Repertoires of Illicit State Violence.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 39, no. 3 (2015): 207–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aliyev, H. “Strong Militias, Weak States and Armed Violence: Towards a Theory of ‘State-Parallel’ Paramilitaries.” Security Dialogue 47, no. 6 (2016): 498–516.10.1177/0967010616669900
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilgin, P, and A. Morton. “From ‘Rogue’ to ‘Failed’ States? The Fallacy of Short Termism.” Politics 24, no. 3 (2004): 169–180. 10.1111/j.1467-9256.2004.00217.x
   Google Scholar
• Buhaug, H., S. Gates, and P. Lujala. “Geography, Rebel Capability, and the Duration of Civil Conflict.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 53, no. 4 (2009): 544–569.10.1177/0022002709336457
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bures, O. “Private Military Companies: A Second Best Peacekeeping Option?” International Peacekeeping 12, no. 4 (2005): 533–546.10.1080/13533310500201951
   Google Scholar
• Call, C. “Beyond the ‘Failed State’: Toward Conceptual Alternatives.” European Journal of International Relations 17, no. 2 (2010): 303–326.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey, S., M. Colaresi, and N. Mitchell. “Governments, Informal Links to Militias, and Accountability.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 59, no. 5 (2015): 850–876.10.1177/0022002715576747
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey, S., N. Mitchell, and W. Lowe. “States, the Security Sector, and the Monopoly of Violence: A New Database on Pro-Government Militias.” Journal of Peace Research 50, no. 2 (2013): 249–258.10.1177/0022343312464881
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clapham, C. “The Global-Local Politics of State Decay.” In When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, edited by R. Rotberg, 77–94. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Coggins, B. “Does State Failure Cause Terrorism? An Empirical Analysis (1999–2008).” Journal of Conflict Resolution 59, no. 3 (2014): 455–483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, D., and R. Nordås. “Do States Delegate Shameful Violence to Militias? Patterns of Sexual Violence in Recent Armed Conflicts.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 59, no. 5 (2015): 877–898.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coyne, C. “Reconstructing Weak and Failed States: Foreign Intervention and the Nirvana Fallacy.” Foreign Policy Analysis 2, no. 4 (2006): 343–360.10.1111/fpa.2006.2.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeRouen, K., M. Ferguson, S. Norton, Y. H. Park, J. Lea, and A. Streat-Bartlett. “Civil War Peace Agreement Implementation and State Capacity.” Journal of Peace Research 47, no. 3 (2010): 333–346.10.1177/0022343310362169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fearon, J., and D. Laitin. “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War.” American Political Science Review 97, no. 1 (2003): 75–90.10.1017/S0003055403000534
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghani, A., and C. Lockhart. Fixing Failed States: A Framework for Rebuilding a Fractured World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Gros, J. “Towards a Taxonomy of Failed States in the New World Order: Decaying Somalia, Liberia, Rwanda and Haiti.” Third World Quarterly 17, no. 3 (1996): 455–472.10.1080/01436599615452
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hehir, A. “The Myth of the Failed State and the War on Terror: A Challenge to the Conventional Wisdom.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 1, no. 3 (2007): 307–332.10.1080/17502970701592256
   Google Scholar
• Helman, G., and S. Ratner. “Saving Failed States.” Foreign Policy 89 (1992): 3–20.10.2307/1149070
   Google Scholar
• Hendrix, C. “Measuring State Capacity: Theoretical and Empirical Implications for the Study of Civil Conflict.” Journal of Peace Research 47, no. 3 (2010): 273–285.10.1177/0022343310361838
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, J. “Beyond the Other? A Postcolonial Critique of the Failed State Thesis.” African Identities 3, no. 2 (2005): 139–154.10.1080/14725840500235381
   Google Scholar
• Huntington, S. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and Shuster, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Iqbal, Z., and H. Starr. “Bad Neighbors: Failed States and Their Consequences.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 25, no. 4 (2008): 315–331.10.1080/07388940802397400
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Josselin, D., and W. Wallace. Non-State Actors in World Politics. London: Palgrave, 2001.10.1057/9781403900906
   Google Scholar
• Kalyvas, S. “Armed Collaboration in Greece, 1941–1944.” European Review of History – Revue Européenne D’histoire 15, no. 2 (2008): 129–142.10.1080/13507480801931051
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalyvas, S. The Logic of Violence in Civil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.10.1017/CBO9780511818462
   Google Scholar
• Kasfir, N. “Domestic Anarchy, Security Dilemmas, and Violent Predation: Causes of Failure.” In When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, edited by R. Rotberg, 53–77. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Kilcullen, D. The Accidental Guerrilla: Fighting Small Wars in the midst of a Big One. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Klare, M. “The Deadly Connection. Paramilitary Bands, Small Arms Diffusion, and State Failure.” In When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, edited by R. Rotberg, 94–116. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Kraxberger, B. “Failed States: Temporary Obstacles to Democratic Diffusion or Fundamental Holes in the World Political Map?.” Third World Quarterly 28, no. 6 (2007): 1055–1071.10.1080/01436590701507420
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malejacq, R. “Warlords, Intervention, and State Consolidation: A Typology of Political Orders in Weak and Failed States.” Security Studies 25, no. 1 (2016): 85–110.10.1080/09636412.2016.1134191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marten, K. “Warlordism in Comparative Perspective.” International Security 31, no. 3 (2006): 41–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzei, J. Death Squads or Self-Defense Forces: How Paramilitary Groups Emerge and Challenge Democracy in Latin America. Chapel Hill, NC: UNC Press, 2009.10.5149/9780807898611_mazzei
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, N., S. Carey, and C. Butler. “The Impact of pro-Government Militias on Human Rights Violations.” International Interactions 40, no. 5 (2014): 812–836.10.1080/03050629.2014.932783
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nay, O. “Fragile and Failed States: Critical Perspectives on Conceptual Hybrids.” International Political Science Review 34, no. 3 (2013): 326–341.10.1177/0192512113480054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, E. “Failed States and International Order: Constructing a Post-Westphalian World.” Contemporary Security Policy 30, no. 3 (2009): 421–443.10.1080/13523260903326479
   Google Scholar
• Newman, E. “Weak States, State Failure, and Terrorism.” Terrorism and Political Violence 19, no. 4 (2007): 463–488.10.1080/09546550701590636
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nussio, E. “How Ex-Combatants Talk about Personal Security. Narratives of Former Paramilitaries in Colombia.” Conflict, Security & Development 11, no. 5 (2011): 579–606.10.1080/14678802.2011.641725
   Google Scholar
• Piazza, J. “Incubators of Terror: Do Failed and failing States Promote Transnational Terrorism?” International Studies Quarterly 52, no. 3 (2008): 469–488.10.1111/isqu.2008.52.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, M. Oil and Gas Data, 1932-2011. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Dataverse Network, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Rotberg, R., ed. State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror. New York: Brookings Institution Press, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Rotberg, R., ed. When States Fail: Causes and Consequences. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Shirk, D., and J. Wallman. “Understanding Mexico’s Drug Violence.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 59, no. 8 (2015): 1348–1376.10.1177/0022002715587049
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simons, A., and D. Tucker. “The Misleading Problem of Failed States: A ‘Socio-Geography’ of Terrorism in the Post-9/11 Era.” Third World Quarterly 28, no. 2 (2007): 387–401.10.1080/01436590601153887
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souleimanov, E., H. Aliyev, and J.-F. Ratelle. “Defected and Loyal? A Case Study of Counter-Defection Mechanisms inside Chechen Paramilitaries.” Terrorism and Political Violence (2016): 1–21. doi: 10.1080/09546553.2016.1194270.
   Google Scholar
• Souleimanov, E., and H. Aliyev. “Evaluating the Efficacy of Indigenous Forces in Counterinsurgency: Lessons from Chechnya and Dagestan.” Small Wars & Insurgencies 27, no. 3 (2016): 392–416.10.1080/09592318.2016.1151658
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanton, J. “Regulating Militias: Governments, Militias, and Civilian Targeting in Civil War.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 59, no. 5 (2015): 899–923.10.1177/0022002715576751
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundberg, R., K. Eck, and J. Kreutz. “Introducing the UCDP Non-State Conflict Dataset.” Journal of Peace Research 49, no. 2 (2012): 351–362.10.1177/0022343311431598
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thies, C. “Of Rulers, Rebels, and Revenue: State Capacity, Civil War Onset, and Primary Commodities.” Journal of Peace Research 47, no. 3 (2010): 321–332.10.1177/0022343310361841
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilly, C. “War Making and State Making as Organised Crime.” In Violence: A Reader, edited by C. Besteman, 35–60. New York: New York University Press, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• UCDP. “Battle-Related Deaths Dataset Version 5.0-2015.” http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/datasets/ucdp_battle-related_deaths_dataset/.
   Google Scholar
• Vandewalle, D. “After Qaddafi: The Surprising Success of the New Libya.” Foreign Affairs 91 (2012): 8–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinci, A. “Anarchy, Failed States, and Armed Groups: Reconsidering Conventional Analysis.” International Studies Quarterly 52, no. 2 (2008): 295–314.10.1111/j.1468-2478.2008.00502.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waltz, K. N. Theory of International Politics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1979.
   Google Scholar