Bibliography
- Abramzon, Shmuel, Nicholas Burger, Peter Glick, Krishna B. Kumar, Cheryl K. Montemayor, Nelly Josefina, Mejia Gonzalez, Shanthi Nataraj, Francisco Perez-Arce, and Claude Messan Setodji. 2016. Calculating the Gross Regional Product of the Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Santa Monica: Rand and KRG.
- “After Iraqi Kurdistan’s Thwarted Independence Bid.” 2019. Middle East Report n. 199. Brussels: International Crisis Group.
- Anaid, Anwar. 2019. “The Nature of Political Economy Challenges of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.” In Iraqi Kurdistan’s Statehood Aspirations: A Political Economy Approach, edited by by Anwar Anaid and Emel Elif Tugdar. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Anderson, Liam. 2019. “The Dispute Territories of Northern Iraq: ISIS and Beyond.” In Routledge Handbook on the Kurds, edited by Michael Gunter. London: Routledge, 318–328.
- “At Least 6 Killed during Violent Protests in Iraqi Kurdistan.” 2017. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2017/12/19/middleeast/iraq-kurdish-protests/index.html.
- Bache, Christina. 2018. “Mutual Economic Interdependence or Economic Imbalance: Turkish Private Sector Presence in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.” Middle East Critique 27 (1): 61–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2017.1418206.
- Baghdad Embassy. 2008. “Entrenched Corruption in Kurdistan Region of Iraq.” Wikileaks Cables: 08BAGHDAD2731_a, August 25. https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08BAGHDAD2731_a.html.
- Bengio, Ofra. 2012. The Kurds of Iraq: Building a State within a State. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
- Chaudhry, Kiren Aziz. 1991. “On the Way to Market: Economic Liberalization and Iraq’s Invasion of Kuwait.” Middle East Report 170 (170): 14–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/3013246.
- Chomani, Kamal. 2018. “Kurdistan Region at a Time of Crown Princes.” 1001 Iraqi Thoughts, December 28. https://1001iraqithoughts.com/2018/12/28/kurdistan-region-in-a-time-of-kurdish-crown-princes
- Cockburn, Patrick. 1996. “Kurdish Chief’s Death Brings Civil War Nearer.” The Independent, July 6. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/kurdish-chiefs-death-brings-civil-war-nearer-1327460.html
- “Criminal Raid Prevents Kurdistan’s First Independent TV Station from Covering Sulaymaniyah Unrest.” 2011. Reporters Without Borders, February 22. https://rsf.org/en/news/criminal-raid-prevents-kurdistans-first-independent-tv-station-covering-sulaymaniyah-unrest
- DeWeaver, Mark. 2017. The State of the Economy. Sulaimani: IRIS.
- Dodge, Toby. 2012. “Iraq’s Road Back to Dictatorship.” Survival 54 (3): 147–141. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2012.690990.
- “Genocide in Iraq: The Anfal Campaign against the Kurds.” 1993. Human Rights Watch. www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1993/iraqanfal
- Gunter, Michael. 1993. “A de Facto Kurdish State in Northern Iraq.” Third World Quarterly 14 (2): 295–319. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01436599308420326.
- Gunter, Michael. 1999. The Kurdish Predicament in Iraq: A Political Analysis. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
- Hama, Hawre Hasan, and Dastan Jasim. 2017. “The Loss of Disputed Territories: What is Next for the Kurdistan Region?” Middle East Review of International Affairs 21 (2): 58–69.
- Hama, Hawre Hasan. 2019. “Factionalism within the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 54 (7): 1012–1032. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909619854111.
- Hama, Hawre Hasan. 2020. “The Rise and Fall of Movement for Change in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (2009–2018).” Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 1–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/2057891120905902.
- Hiltermann, Joost. 2017. “The Kurds Are Right Back Where They Started.” The Atlantic, October 31. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/10/history-of-the-kurds/544316
- Hoff, Ruud, Michiel Leezenberg, and Pieter Muller. 1992. Elections in Iraqi Kurdistan (May 19, 1992): An Experiment in Democracy. Amsterdam: Netherlands-Kurdistan Friendship Society.
- Illing, Sean. 2017. “‘A Colossal Miscalculation’: Why the Kurds’ Independence Bid Might Lead to Civil War in Iraq.” Vox, October 20. https://www.vox.com/world/2017/10/20/16495748/iraq-kirkuk-kurdistanisis
- “Imported Crude Oil Prices.” 2019. US Energy Information Administration. https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo/realprices/
- “In Best of Times and Worst of Times: Addressing Structural Weaknesses of the Kurdistan Region’s Economy.” 2016. Erbil: Middle East Research Institute (MERI).
- “Investment Law.” 2006. KRG Department of Foreign Relations. https://dfr.gov.krd/p/p.aspx?p=69&l=12&s=050200&r=377
- “Iraq Population Situation Analysis Report 2012.” 2012. Iraq National Population Commission and UNFPA. http://iraq.unfpa.org/publications/cat_view/1-documents-english
- “Iraq: Fixing Security in Kirkuk.” 2020. Middle East Report n. 215. Brussels: International Crisis Group.
- “Iraq’s Constitution of 2005.” 2005. Constitute Project. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Iraq_2005.pdf?lang=en
- “Iraqi Kurdistan Oil Revenue $1 Billion per Month: Source.” 2016. Ekurd Daily, November 2. <https://ekurd.net/kurdistan-oil-revenue-billion-2016-11-02>
- “Iraqi Kurdistan: Prevent Attacks on Protesters.” 2011. Human Rights Watch, March 7. https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/03/07/iraqi-kurdistan-prevent-attacks-protesters
- “Iraqi Kurdistan: Ruling Party Forces Fire on Protesters.” 2015. Human Rights Watch, October 21. https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/10/21/iraqi-kurdistan-ruling-party-forces-fire-protesters
- Jwaideh, Wadie. 2006. The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
- Kaplan, Morgan L. 2019. “Foreign Support, Miscalculation, and Conflict Escalation: Iraqi Kurdish Self-Determination in Perspective.” Ethnopolitics 18 (1): 29–45. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2018.1525164.
- “Kurdistan Region - Determined to Grow: Economy, Kurdistan Region, Review.” 2013. Invest in Group. https://investingroup.org/review/236/determined-to-grow-economy-kurdistan/
- “Kurdistan Regional Government Unification Agreement.” 2006. Kurdistan Regional Government. http://cabinet.gov.krd/a/d.aspx?r=223&l=12&a=8891&s=02010100&s=010000
- Leezenberg, Michiel. 2000. “Humanitarian Aid in Iraqi Kurdistan.” Cahiers d’Études Sur La Méditerranée Orientale et Le Monde Turco-Iranien 29: 31–49.
- Leezenberg, Michiel. 2006. “Urbanization, Privatization, and Patronage: The Political Economy of Iraqi Kurdistan.” In The Kurds. Nationalism and Politics, edited by Faleh A. Jabar and Hosham Dawod, 151–179. London: Saqi Books.
- MacDiarmid, Campbell. 2017. “Masoud Barzani: Why It’s Time for Kurdish Independence.” Foreign Policy, June 15. <https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/06/15/masoud-barzani-why-its-time-for-kurdish-independence/>
- Mansour, Renad, and Christine Van Den Toorn. 2018. “The 2018 Iraqi Elections: A Population in Transition?” LSE Middle East Centre Report, July, 18.
- McDowall, David. 2004. A Modern History of the Kurds. London: I.B. Tauris.
- Mills, Robin. 2016. “Under the Mountains: Kurdish Oil and Regional Politics.” The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, OIES Paper. https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Kurdish-Oil-and-Regional-Politics-WPM-63.pdf
- Mustafa, Sara D. 2020. “Iraqi Kurdistan Independence Referendum: Political Parties, Opportunity and Timing.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 1–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2020.1724077.
- Natali, Denise. 2010. The Kurdish Quasi-State: Development and Dependency in Post-Gulf War Iraq. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
- Neuhof, Florian. 2016. “Unpaid Peshmerga Are Voting with Their Feet.” Deutsche Welle, February 2. https://www.dw.com/en/unpaid-peshmerga-are-voting-with-their-feet/a-19020152.
- O’Driscoll, Dylan, and Bahar Baser. 2019. “Independence Referendums and Nationalist Rhetoric: The Kurdistan Region of Iraq.” Third World Quarterly 40 (11): 2016–2034. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2019.1617631.
- “Oil and Borders: How to Fix Iraq’s Kurdish Crisis.” 2017. Middle East Briefing n. 55. Brussels: International Crisis Group.
- “Over $1 Billion from Iraqi Kurdistan Oil Revenue Missing in 1st Quarter of 2016: MP.” 2016. Ekurd Daily, April 7. https://ekurd.net/billion-iraqi-kurdistan-oil-missing-2016-04-07
- Palani, Kamaran, Jaafar Khidir, Mark Dechesne, and Edwin Bakker. 2019. “The Development of Kurdistan’s de Facto Statehood: Kurdistan’s September 2017 Referendum for Independence.” Third World Quarterly 40 (12): 2270–2288. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2019.1619452.
- Park, Bill. 2019. “Explaining Turkey’s Reaction to the September 2017 Independence Referendum in the KRG: Final Divorce or Relationship Reset?” Ethnopolitics 18 (1): 46–60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2018.1525165.
- Park, Bill, Joost Jongerden, Francis Owtram, and Akiko Yoshioka. 2017. “FIELD NOTES: On the Independence Referendum in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Disputed Territories in 2017.” Kurdish Studies 5 (2): 199–214. doi:https://doi.org/10.33182/ks.v5i2.445.
- “Protesters Storm Kurdistan Parliament after Barzani Announces Resignation.” 2017. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-kurds-protests/protesters-storm-kurdistan-parliament-after-barzani-announces-resignation-idUSKBN1CY0PI.
- “Protests Intensify in Iraqi Kurdistan amid Economic Crisis.” 2016. Human Rights Watch, February 9. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-protests-idUSKCN0VI11X
- Rubin, Michael. 2019. “The Continuing Problem of KRG Corruption.” In Routledge Handbook on the Kurds, edited by Michael Gunter. London: Routledge, 329–340.
- Sajjadi, Mehdi. 1992. “State of Economy in Kurdistan.” In Kurdistan: Political and Economic Potential, edited by Maria O’Shea. London: SOAS.
- Sardar, Lana, Hamzeh AlShadeedi, and Mac Skelton. 2020. Why Did Protests Erupt in Iraqi Kurdistan? Suleimani: IRIS.
- Stansfield, Gareth. 2017. “The Kurdish Experience in Post-Saddam Iraq.” In The Kurdish Question Revisited, edited by Gareth Stansfield and Mohammed Shareef. London: Oxford University Press, 355–374.
- Stansfield, Gareth. 2003. Iraqi Kurdistan: Political Development and Emergent Democracy. London: Routledge.
- Sumer, Fahrettin, and Jay Joseph. 2018. “The Paradox of the Iraqi Kurdish Referendum on Independence: Contradictions and Hopes for Economic Prosperity.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 45 (4): 574–588. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2018.1430533.
- Tahiri, Hussein. 2007. The Structure of Kurdish Society and the Struggle for a Kurdish State. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers.
- “The Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Reforming the Economy for Shared Prosperity and Protecting the Vulnerable”. 2016. World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/672671468196766598/Main-report
- Van Wilgenburg, Wladimir, and Mario Fumerton. 2015. Kurdistan’s Political Army: The Challenge of Unifying the Peshmerga Forces. Beirut: Carnegie Middle East Center. https://carnegieendowment.org/files/ACMR_WilgenburgFumerton_Kurdistan_English_final.pdf.
- Wali, Rebwar Karim. 2010. “Qasim Agha, Other Collaborators of Saddam Hussein.” Ekurd Daily, October 31. https://ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2010/10/state4329.htm
- Yildiz, Kerim. 2004. The Kurds in Iraq: The Past, Present and Future. London: Pluto Press.