The geopolitics of regionalism: The Valdivia Group and southern hemispheric environmental co-operation

References

• Gibb , R . 1994 . Continental Trading Blocs: the Growth of Regionalism in the World Economy , Edited by: Michalak , W . London : John Wiley . An earlier version of this paper was presented to a conference on Geopolitics and Globalization in a Post-Modem World held at Haifa and Ben-Gurion Universities, 23-30 January 1998. I owe thanks to the British Council in Israel for travel support and also for the financial support of the Department of Geography and the Research Strategy Fund, Royal Holloway, University of London. David Simon and Stuart Prior offered some very helpful comments on an earlier draft. The usual disclaimers apply. There is now a large literature on the relationship between regionalism, globalisation and state power
   Google Scholar
• Fawcett , L and Hurrell , A , eds. 1995 . Regionalism in World Politics , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gamble , A and Payne , A , eds. 1995 . Regionalism and World Order , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Lake , D and Morgan , P , eds. 1997 . Regional Orders: Building Security in a New World , University Park , PA : Penn State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mansfield , E and Milner , H , eds. 1997 . The Political Economy of Regionalism , New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ladi , Z . 1998 . A World Without Meaning , London : Routledge . Some authors have argued that the ending of the Cold War has also provoked a crisis of meaning within international politics, as old categories such as First and Third World lose their ideological and practical significance. See Geopolitical uncertainties, therefore, appear to abound for both North and South
   Google Scholar
• Corbridge , S and Martin , R . 1995 . Money, Power and Space , Edited by: Thrift , N . Oxford : Blackwell . There has been a variety of interpretations put forward for the growth of regional organisations in the past 20 years. For arguments relating to the growing deterritorialisation of the state, see
   Google Scholar
• Block , F . 1996 . The Vampire State and Other Stories , New York : New Press .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , J . 1996 . 'The shifting stage of politics: new medieval and postmodern territorialities' . Environment and Planning D: Society and Space , 14 : 133 – 153 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , P . 1997 . 'The eclipse of the state? Reflections on stateness in an era of globalization' . World Politics , 50 : 62 – 87 . For arguments relating to regional organisations and increased bargaining power in international negotiations on trade and commerce
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , K and Blackhurst , R , eds. 1993 . Regional Integration and the Global Trading System , London : Harvester Wheatsheaf .
   Google Scholar
• Hurrell , A . 1998 . 'security in Latin America' . International Affairs , 74 (3) : 529 – 546 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grugel , J and Hout , W , eds. 1998 . Regionalism across the North/South Divide , London : Routledge . On MERCOSUR
   Google Scholar
• Dodds , K . 1995 . 'south Africa, the South Atlantic and the international politics of Antarctica' . South African Journal of International Affairs , 3 : 60 – 80 . On the South Atlantic Zone of Peace and Co-operation
   Google Scholar
• Venter , D . 1996 . 'south Africa, Brazil and South Atlantic security: towards a zone of peace and co-operation in the South Atlantic' . paper presented to the International Relations Research Institute on Brazil and Africa du Sol . September 24-25 1996 , Rio de Janiero . On the Indian Ocean Rim initiative
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , G and Scerri , M . 1995 . 'The prospects for an Indian Ocean Rim (IOR) economic organization' . South African Journal of International Affairs , 3 : 11 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Baylis , J and Smith , S , eds. The Globalization of World Politics , Oxford : Oxford University Press . For a recent elaboration of this theme, see
   Google Scholar
• Clarke , I . 1997 . Globalization and Fragmentation , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thrift , N and Leyshon , A . 1994 . 'A phantom state? The de-traditionalization of money, the international financial system and international financial centres' . Political Geography , 13 : 299 – 327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters , M . 1995 . Globalization: An Introduction , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Scholte , J . 1997 . Globalization , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Tuathail , G O , Herod , A and Roberts , S , eds. 1998 . An Unruly World? , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Strange , S . 1995 . 'The defective state' . Daedalus , 124 : 56 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Weiss , L . 1998 . The Myth of the Powerless State , Cambridge : Polity .
   Google Scholar
• Brenton , T . 1994 . The Greening of Machiavelli: The Evolution of International Environmental Politics , London : Earthscan .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , M . 1995 . The Third World in Global Environmental Politics , Boulder , CO : Lynne Rienner .
   Google Scholar
• Vogler , J and Imher , M , eds. 1995 . The Environment and International Relations , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Porter , G and Brown , J . 1996 . Global Environmental Politics , Boulder , CO : Westview Press .
   Google Scholar
• Doyle , T and McEachern , D . 1998 . Environment and Politics , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Hurrell , A . 1994 . 'A crisis of ecological viability? global environmental change and the nation state' . Political Studies , XLII : 146 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Kakonen , J , ed. 1994 . Green Security or Militarized Environment? , Aldershot : Dartmouth .
   Google Scholar
• Paterson , M . 1996 . Global Warming and Global Politics , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Benedict , R . 1991 . Ozone Diplomacy , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shiva , V . 1990 . 'Biodiversity, biotechnology and profit' . The Ecologist , 20 : 44 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . Shown Monocultures of the Mind: Perspectives on Biodiversity and Biotechnology , London : Zed .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , G , ed. 1990 . Biodiversity , Washington, DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Soto , A . 1995 . “ 'The global environment: a southern perspective' ” . In One World, Many Voices , Edited by: Hastedt , G . 300 – 325 . Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Chatterjee , P and Finger , M . 1994 . The Earth Brokers , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , M . 1997 . 'The Group of 77 and global environmental politics' . Global Environmental Change , 7 : 295 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahey , N , Hall , S , Smith , C and Gupta , S . 1997 . Arguments in the Greenhouse , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Dalby , S . 1996 . 'Continent adrift? Dissident security discourse and the Australian geopolitical imagination' . Australian Journal of International Affairs , 50 : 59 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgot , R and Nossal , K . 1997 . 'The international politics of liminality: relocating Australia in the Asia-Pacific' . Australian Journal of Political Science , 32 : 169 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittelman , J . 1996 . 'Rethinking the new regionalism in the context of giobalization' . Global Governance , 2 : 189 – 213 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potholm , C and Fredland , R , eds. 1980 . Integration and Disintegration in East Africa , Lanham : University Press of America . For a flavour of some of the diverse work on regional integration
   Google Scholar
• Milward , S . 1984 . The Reconstruction of Western Europe 1945-1951 , London : Methuen .
   Google Scholar
• Butler , F . “ 'Regionalism and integration' ” . In The Globalization of World Politics , Edited by: Baylis , J and Smith , S . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Simon , D , ed. 1998 . Reconfiguring the Region: South Africa in Southern Africa , London : James Curry .
   Google Scholar
• Nye , J , ed. 1968 . International Regionalism: Readings , vii Boston , MA : Little, Brown .
   Google Scholar
• Dalby . 1997 . “ 'Contesting an essential concept: reading the dilemmas in contemporary security discourse' ” . In Critical Security Studies , Edited by: Krause , K and Williams , M . 3 – 31 . Minneapolis , MN : University of Minnesota Press . S Dalby 'A continent adrift?', in ibid
   Google Scholar
• Dalby . 1997 . “ 'The threat from the South: global justice and environmental security' ” . In Contested Grounds: Security and Conflict in the New Environmental Politics , Edited by: Deudney , D and Matthews , R . Albany , NY : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lawson , S , ed. 1995 . The New Agenda for Global Security? , Sydney : Allen and Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Dodds , K . 1997 . Geopolitics in Antarctica: Views from the Southern Oceanic Rim , Chichester : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Vellve , R . 1992 . Saving the Seed, Genetic Diversity and European Agriculture , London : Earthscan . On biodiversity and the 1992 convention signed at the Rio Summit, see Benedict, Ozone Diplomacy
   Google Scholar
• Catholic Institute for International Relations . 1993 . Biodiversity , London : CIIR .
   Google Scholar
• and Chaterjee Finger, Earth Brokers.
   Google Scholar
• Miller . The Third World in Global Environmental Politics 89 This story is cited in
   Google Scholar
• 21-23 May 1996 . Final Report of the Working Group on Climate Change 21-23 May , Buenos Aires
   Google Scholar
• Paterson , M . 1996 . Global Politics and Global Warming , London : Routledge . For some theoretical implications of global environmental issues on forms of state sovereignty
   Google Scholar
• Hun-ell , A . 1995 . “ 'International politics theory and the global environment' ” . In International Relations Theory Today , Edited by: Booth , K and Smith , S . 129 – 153 . Cambridge : Polity .
   Google Scholar
• World Wide Fund for Nature . 1-10 December 1997 . “ 'WWF position statement for COP3' ” . 1-10 December , Kyoto , , Japan
   Google Scholar
• Bergin , A . 1991 . 'The politics of Antarctic minerals: the greening of white Australia' . Australian Journal of Political Science , 26 : 216 – 239 . For details on the Antarctic controversy and the Australian policy shift
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliot , L . 1994 . International Environmental Politics: Protecting the Antarctic , New York : St Martin's Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cummings , B . 1993 . “ 'Rimspeak' ” . In What is in a Rim? Critical Perspectives on the Pacific Region Idea , Edited by: Dirlik , A . Boulder , CO : Lynne Rienner .
   Google Scholar
• Mares , D . “ 'Regional conflict management in Latin America: power complemented by diplomacy' ” . In Regional Orders: Building Security in a New World , Edited by: Lake , D and Morgan , P . 195 – 218 . University Park , PA : Penn State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• 1996 . 'Welcoming statement by Alexander Downer to the Second Meeting of the Co-ordinating Committee of the Valdivia Group' . Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Canberra , 14 March
   Google Scholar
• Sidaway , J and Simon , D . 1993 . 'Geopolitical transition and state formation: the changing political geographies of Angola, Mozambique and Namibia' . Journal of Southern African Studies , 19 : 6 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodds , K . 1994 . 'Creating a strategic crisis out of a communist drama: Argentine and South African geo-graphs of the South Atlantic' . European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies , 56 : 33 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Dodds . Geopolitics in Antarctica 133
   Google Scholar
• Campbell & Scerri, 'The prospects for an Indian Ocean Rim (IOR) economic organization'.
   Google Scholar
• Dodds . 1997 . Geopolitics in Antarctica; and S Prior, Antarctica: View from a Gateway , Wellington : Centre for Strategic Studies, Victoria University of Wellington .
   Google Scholar
• CCAMLR . 1996 . Statisitical Bulletin 1996 , Hobart : CCAMLR . The earliest incidents of illegal fishing concerned Argentine trawlers fishing for toothfish around South Georgia in the early 1990s. The British government has been the most active in monitoring fishing in the region and in enforcing fisheries protection measures the official publications of CCAMLR for a statistical analysis of the problem
   Google Scholar
• Sumby , J . 1997 . 'Fisheries rampage in Southern Ocean' . Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (Australia) , October
   Google Scholar
• 1997 . 'Antarctic poaching war heats up' . The Age (Melbourne) , 7 June
   Google Scholar
• 1998 . 'Old threats to Antarctic linger as new curbs come into force' . Guardian (London) , 15 January
   Google Scholar
• Upton , S . 19 May 1997 . “ 'A vision for Antarctica: the environmental challenge' ” . 19 May , Simon Upton, Minister for Environment, to Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties, Christchurch Town Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Tooze , R . “ 'International political economy in an age of globalization' ” . In The Globalization of World Politics Edited by: Baylis and Smith . 212 – 220 .
   Google Scholar