References
- Bratton , M . 1997 . 'Deciphering Africa's divergent transitions' . Political Science Quarterly , 112 (1) : 68 Subsequently others have followed in their footsteps, eg Mainassara, Niger, 1996; and Jammeh, Gambia, 1994. Bratton talks of 'the mutation of personalistic dictatorships'
- Joseph , R . 1997 . 'Democratization in Africa after 1989: comparative and theoretical perspectives' . Comparative Politics , 29 (3) : 363 – 382 .
- Riley , S . 1992 . 'Political adjustment or domestic pressure: democratic politics and political choice in Africa'' . Third World Quarterly , 13 (3) : 544
- 1991 . Africa Research Bulletin , 28 (5) : 10121
- Bratton , M and van de Walle , N . 1992 . 'Popular protest and political reform in Africa' . Comparative Politics , 24 (4) : 46 Bratton, 'Deciphering Africa's Divergent Transitions', terms this a 'blocked' transition, as opposed to a 'flawed' transition, where elections are accepted but manipulated
- Oquaye , M . 1995 . 'The Ghanaian elections of 1992--a dissenting view' . African Affairs , 94 : 271
- Lemarchand , R . 1992 . 'Africa's troubled transitions' . Journal of Democracy , 3 (4) : 105
- Barkan , J . 1993 . 'Kenya: lessons from a flawed election' . Journal of Democracy , 4 (3) : 93
- Lemarchand . “ 'Africa's troubled transitions' ” . 104
- 1994 . Africa Research Bulletin , 31 (8) : 11507 The opposition leader, former prime minister Tshisekedi, had his home attacked on 7 and 11 July 1994. The shooting of the protesters occurred on 29 July 1995; and 32 (8), 1995, p 11963
- 1993 . Africa Research Bulletin , 30 (4) : 10986
- 1990 . Africa Research Bulletin , 27 (7) : 760
- 1992 . Africa Research Bulletin , 29 (5) : 10572
- Barkan . “ 'Kenya: lessons from a flawed election' ” . 94
- Fox , R . 1996 . 'Bleak future for multi-party elections in Kenya' . Journal of Modern African Studies , 34 (4) : 597 – 607 . A grim example of the impact simply of gerrymandering is given by
- Lancaster , C . 1993 . 'Democratisation in sub-Saharan Africa' . Survival , 35 (3) : 44