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Original Articles

Conflict management and constructive engagement in ASEAN's expansion

Pages 1031-1048 | Published online: 25 Aug 2010

References

  • Askandar , K . 1994 . 'ASEAN and conflict management: the formative years of 1967-1976' . Pacifica Review , 6 (2) : 59 – 62 . Conflict management can be defined as a process encompassing the different techniques and means used to manage various conflict situations. Such techniques and means include the following: conflict prevention, conflict avoidance, conflict containment, conflict transformation, conflict settlement and formal conflict resolution. (For more extensive discussions relating to conflict management see
  • Mitchell , C R . 1981 . The Structure of International Conflict , 253 – 279 . London : Macmillan .
  • Amer , R . 1997 . “ 'Territorial disputes and conflict management in ASEAN' ” . In The ASEAN: Thirty Years and Beyond , Edited by: Aranal-Sereno , M L and Santiago , J S S . 326 – 329 . Quezon City : Institute of International Legal Studies, University of the Philippines Law Center . For a discussion on the developments in the 1960s and the factors shaping the creation of ASEAN in 1967, with particular emphasis on conflict situations, see
  • Amer , R . 1998 . 'Expanding ASEAN'S conflict management framework in Southeast Asia: the border dispute dimension' . Asian Journal of Political Science , 6 (2) : 34 – 35 .
  • Sukrasep , V , ed. 1989 . ASEAN in International Relations , 96 Bangkok : Institute of Security and International Studies, Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University . Quoted from text of the ASEAN Declaration reproduced as Appendix I in. The text of the Declaration can also be found on the ASEAN web (http://www.asean.or.id/)
  • Rajendran , M , ed. 1985 . ASEAN's Foreign Relations. The Shift to Collective Action , 270 Kuala Lumpur : Arenabuku Sdn Bhd . Derived from the text of the Declaration of ASEAN Concord; reproduced as Appendix B in. The text of the Declaration can also be found at http://www.asean.or.id.
  • Rajendran . ASEAN's Foreign Relations 272 – 274 .
  • Ibid, pp 271-274.
  • See text of the Treaty of Amity and Co-operation in Southeast Asia reproduced as Appendix C in Ibid, pp 275-278. The text of the treaty can also be found at http://www.asean.or.id/.
  • Rajendran . ASEAN's Foreign Relations 275 – 278 .
  • Ibid, p. 275.
  • Ibid, p. 277.
  • Ibid, p. 277.
  • Ibid, p. 277.
  • Ibid, p. 277.
  • Rajendran . ASEAN'S Foreign Relations 277
  • Viraphol , S and Pfenning , W , eds. 1995 . ASEAN-UN Cooperation in Preventive Diplomacy , 277 – 279 . Bangkok : Ministry of Foreign Affairs . The full text of the Protocol Amending the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia has been reproduced in. The text of the protocol can also be found at http:// www.asean.or.id/
  • Viraphol and Pfenning . ASEAN--UN Cooperation 277 – 278 .
  • Ibid, pp 277-278.
  • Askandar . “ 'ASEAN and conflict management' ” . 63 – 65 .
  • Caballero-Anthony , M . 1998 . 'Mechanisms of dispute settlement: the ASEAN experience' . Contemporary Southeast Asia , 20 (1) : 51 – 55 . 57 – 62 . Caballero-Anthony also discusses third-party mediation and she notes that it was not until 'quite' recently that third-party mediation was officially adopted by ASEAN as a form of dispute management (see p. 61). On intra-ASEAN negotiations see also
  • Thambipillai , P and Saravanamuttu , J . 1985 . ASEAN Negotiations: Two Insights , Singapore : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies .
  • Amer . “ 'Vietnam and Southeast Asia' ” . 70 – 73 . For details on Vietnam-ASEAN relations see
  • Hoang , A T . 1993 . 'Why hasn't Vietnam gained ASEAN membership?' . Contemporary Southeast Asia , 15 (3) : 280 – 291 .
  • Hoang , A T . 1994 . Vietnam's membership in ASEAN: economic, political and security implications . Contemporary Southeast Asia , 16 (3) : 259 – 273 .
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  • Ajibewa , A I . 1998 . 'Myanmar in ASEAN' challenges and prospects' . The Indonesian Quarterly , 27 (1) : 31 – 32 .
  • Malik , J M . 1997 . 'Myanmar's role in regional security: pawn or pivot?' . Contemporary Southeast Asia , 19 (1) : 60 – 61 .
  • Saravanamuttu , J Amer . “ 'The ASEAN perspective and role in the Cambodian peace process' ” . In The Cambodian Conflict 1979-1991 37 – 62 . For more details on ASEAN-Indochina relations during the Cambodian conflict and the perspective of the two groupings on the conflict, see
  • Amer , R . “ 'Indochinese perspectives of th Cambodian conflict' ” . 63 – 117 .
  • Amer , R . 1994 . “ The United Nations and Foreign Military Interventions ” . In A Comparative Study of the Application of the Charter , Report No 33 100 298 304 Uppsala : Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University . For details on Burma's voting record on Cambodian issues at the UN see
  • Acharya , A . 1995 . 'Transnational production and security: Southeast Asia's "growth triangles" ' . Contemporary Southeast Asia , 17 (2) : 173 – 185 . For more in-depth discussions on the interconnection, see
  • Weatherbee , D E . 1995 . 'The foreign policy dimensions of subregional economic zones' . Contemporary Southeast Asia , 16 (4) : 421 – 432 .
  • 2nd Quarter 1998 . Country Report , 2nd Quarter , 6 35 43 London , , Malaysia and Brunei : EIU . This can be exemplified by the fact that in 1996 none of the four countries was among the six most important trading partners of Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines, or among the five most important trading partners of Brunei
  • 1st Quarter 1998 . Country Report , 1st Quarter , 5 London , , Indonesia : EIU .
  • 2nd Quarter 1998 . Country Report , 2nd Quarter , 5 London , , Philippines : EIU .
  • Chin . “ 'ASEAN: the long road' ” . 6 – 7 . For an overview of the various views expressed on the issue of a wider regional organisation within Southeast Asia in the late 1960s see
  • Ross , R S , ed. 1993 . China, the United States, and the Soviet Union, Tripolarity and Policy Making in the Cold War , London : M E Sharpe . For more details concerning major power relations see
  • Amer , R . 1991 . “ 'Some conflict cases with positive evolution during 1989' ” . In States in Armed Conflicts 1989 , Report No 32 Edited by: Lindgren , K . 57 – 58 . Uppsala : Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University .
  • Funston , J . 1998 . “ 'Thai foreign policy. Seeking influence' ” . In Southeast Asian Affairs 1998 , 300 – 301 . Singapore : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies . Both issues are still causing tension in the bilateral relationship
  • Funston . “ 'Thai foreign policy' ” . 300 – 301 .
  • Amer , R and Hughes , D . 1999 . “ 'The Asian crisis and economic cooperation: implications for an expanded ASEAN' ” . In Southeast Asian-Centred Economies or Economics? , NIAS Report Series, No 39 Edited by: Hoadley , Mason . 113 – 136 . Copenhagen : Nordic Institute of Asian Studies . In the following the discussion is focused on political and security issues. For a more detailed analysis of the implications of the regional economic crisis on regional cooperation, see
  • Mutalib , H . 1997 . 'At thirty, ASEAN looks to challenges in the new millennium' . Contemporary Southeast Asia , 19 (1) : 81 – 85 . For a broad discussion on some future challenges for ASEAN, see
  • Dibb , P , Hale , D D and Prince , P . 1998 . The strategic implications of Asia's economic crisis' . Survival , 40 (2) : 5 – 26 . For a detailed discussion of the security implications of the economic crisis, see
  • Ganesan , N . 1998 . 'Malaysia-Singapore relations: some recent developments' . Asian Affairs. An American Review , 25 (1) : 21 – 36 . For a broad overview of relations between Malaysia and Singapore, see
  • Amer , R . 1998 . The Challenge of Managing the Border Disputes Between China and Vietnam , East Asian Institute (EAI) Working Paper, No 16 Singapore : EAI, National University of Singapore . China's sovereignty claims to the Paracel archipelago overlaps Vietnam's claim to it. China's sovereignty claims to the whole Spratly archipelago overlap the claims of Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam to the whole or parts of the archipelago. China's extensive claims to continental shelf and exclusive economic zone areas in the South China Sea, ie what used to be termed historical waters, overlap areas claimed by Vietnam in the west, by Indonesia in the southwest, by Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam in the south and southeast, and by the Philippines in the east and southeast. For details on the disputes between China and Vietnam see
  • Chao , J K T . 1989-1990 . “ 'South China Sea: boundary problems relating to the Nansha and Hsisha Islands' ” . In Chinese Yearbook of International Law and Affairs Vol. 9 , 66 – 156 . For details on the Spratly dispute and China's disputes with the other ASEAN members, see, among others
  • Chen , J . 1994 . 'China's Spratly policy: with special reference to the Philippines and Malaysia' . Asian Survey , 34 (10) : 893 – 903 .
  • Antolik , M . 1994 . 'The ASEAN Regional Forum: the spirit of constructive engagement' . Contemporary Southeast Asia , 16 (2) : 117 – 136 . For in-depth studies on the ASEAN Regional Forum see
  • Leifer , M . 1996 . The ASEAN Regional Forum , Adelphi Paper 302 London : International Institute for Strategic Studies .
  • Lim , R . 1998 . 'The ASEAN Regional Forum: building on sand' . Contemporary Southeast Asia , 20 (2) : 115 – 136 .

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