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Original Articles

Murgu: the wages of slavery in the Sokoto Caliphate

Pages 168-185 | Published online: 13 Jun 2008

Notes

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  • Yunusa , Yusufu . 1976 . “ ‘Slavery in the 19th Century Kano’ ” . 33 – 4 . Department of History, Ahmadu Bello University . BA dissertation, unpublished
  • Lovejoy . 1986 . “ ‘Problems of Slave Control in the Sokoto Caliphate’ ” . In Africans in Bondage: Studies in Slavery and the Slave Trade Edited by: Lovejoy , Paul E. 250 251 Madison
  • Lovejoy . 1981 . “ ‘Slavery in the Sokoto Caliphate’ ” . In The Ideology of Slavery in Africa Edited by: Lovejoy . 233 Beverly Hills
  • 1977 . Population, Prosperity and Poverty. Rural Kano 1900 and 1970 204 Cambridge
  • Jumare , Ibrahim . 1988 . “ ‘Slavery in Sokoto City, c. 1804–1936’ ” . 123 Ahmadu Bello University . MA thesis, unpublished
  • Lovejoy , Paul E. and Hogendorn , J.S. 1993 . Slow Death for Slavery. The Course of Abolition in Northern Nigeria, 1897–1936 168 – 72 . Cambridge
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  • Yunusa . ‘Slavery in 19th Century Kano’ . 33 – 4 .
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  • Lugard . Instructions to Political Officers , 306 – 7 .
  • Lugard . Instructions to Political Officers , 306 – 7 .
  • Lovejoy and Hogendorn . Slow Death for Slavery , 160 – 2 . 203 – 6 .
  • Lovejoy . ‘Problems of Slave Control’ . 250 251
  • Lovejoy and Hogendorn . Slow Death for Slavery , 204 – 5 .
  • Denham , Dixon , Clapperton , Hugh and Oudney , Walter . 1828 . Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, in the Years 1822, 1823, and 1824 , 3rd edn. Vol. II , 54 London
  • Schön , J.F. and Crowther , S. 1842 . Journals of the Rev. James Frederick Schön and Mr. Samuel Crowther, Who Accompanied the Expedition up the Niger in 1841 187 London
  • Staudinger , Paul . 1990 . In the Heart of the Hausa States Vol. II , 72 Athens, Ohio
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  • Swindell , Ken . 1984 . ‘Farmers, Traders, and Labourers: Dry Season Migration from North‐West Nigeria, 1900–33’ . Africa , 54 ( 1 ) : 9
  • Temple , C.L. 1909 . ‘Annual Report, Kano Province, 1909’ SNP 7/10 6415
  • Palmer , H.R. 1836 . ‘Report for 1909, Katsina Division of Kano Province’ Katprof 1
  • Garba . ‘Taxation in Some Hausa Emirates’ . 372
  • Watts , Michael . 1983 . Silent Violence: Food, Famine and Peasantry in Northern Nigeria 280 Berkeley
  • Richardson . Narrative of a Mission to Central Africa , II 274
  • Schön and Crowther . Journals , 188
  • Robinson . Hausaland , 132
  • Swindell . ‘Farmers, Traders and Labourers’ . 3 – 19 .
  • Prothero , R.M. 1958 . Migrant Labour from Sokoto Province, Northern Nigeria Kaduna
  • Prothero . 1957 . ‘Migratory Labour from North‐Western Nigeria’ . Africa , 27 ( 3 ) : 251 – 62 .
  • Watts , Michael . 1983 . Silent Violence 358 – 62 . Berkeley
  • Roberts , Richard . “ ‘Ideology, Slavery and Social Formation: The Evolution of Maraka Slavery in the Middle Niger Valley’ ” . In Ideology of Slavery Edited by: Lovejoy . 187

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