Notes
- Lugard , Frederick . 1906 . Instructions to Political and Other Officers, on Subjects Chiefly Political and Administrative 308 London
- Bargery , G.P. 1934 . A Hausa‐English Dictionary and English‐Hausa Vocabulary 802 London
- Bargery . Dictionary , 359
- Yunusa , Yusufu . 1976 . “ ‘Slavery in the 19th Century Kano’ ” . 33 – 4 . Department of History, Ahmadu Bello University . BA dissertation, unpublished
- Lovejoy . 1986 . “ ‘Problems of Slave Control in the Sokoto Caliphate’ ” . In Africans in Bondage: Studies in Slavery and the Slave Trade Edited by: Lovejoy , Paul E. 250 251 Madison
- Lovejoy . 1981 . “ ‘Slavery in the Sokoto Caliphate’ ” . In The Ideology of Slavery in Africa Edited by: Lovejoy . 233 Beverly Hills
- 1977 . Population, Prosperity and Poverty. Rural Kano 1900 and 1970 204 Cambridge
- Jumare , Ibrahim . 1988 . “ ‘Slavery in Sokoto City, c. 1804–1936’ ” . 123 Ahmadu Bello University . MA thesis, unpublished
- Lovejoy , Paul E. and Hogendorn , J.S. 1993 . Slow Death for Slavery. The Course of Abolition in Northern Nigeria, 1897–1936 168 – 72 . Cambridge
- Lovejoy and Hogendorn . Slow Death for Slavery , 159
- Ferguson , Douglas E. 1973 . “ ‘Nineteenth Century Hausaland, being a Description by Imam Imoru of the Land, Economy and Society of his People’ ” . 230 UCLA . Ph.D. thesis, unpublished
- Ferguson . ‘Imam Imoru’ . 230
- Ferguson . ‘Imam Imoru’ . 230
- Yunusa . ‘Slavery in 19th Century Kano’ . 33 – 4 .
- Yunusa . ‘Slavery in 19th Century Kano’ . 33 – 4 .
- Lugard . Instructions to Political Officers , 306 – 7 .
- Lugard . Instructions to Political Officers , 306 – 7 .
- Lovejoy and Hogendorn . Slow Death for Slavery , 160 – 2 . 203 – 6 .
- Lovejoy . ‘Problems of Slave Control’ . 250 251
- Lovejoy and Hogendorn . Slow Death for Slavery , 204 – 5 .
- Denham , Dixon , Clapperton , Hugh and Oudney , Walter . 1828 . Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, in the Years 1822, 1823, and 1824 , 3rd edn. Vol. II , 54 London
- Schön , J.F. and Crowther , S. 1842 . Journals of the Rev. James Frederick Schön and Mr. Samuel Crowther, Who Accompanied the Expedition up the Niger in 1841 187 London
- Staudinger , Paul . 1990 . In the Heart of the Hausa States Vol. II , 72 Athens, Ohio
- Smith , M.G. 1965 . “ ‘Hausa Inheritance and Succession’ ” . In Studies in the Laws of Succession in Nigeria Edited by: Derrett , J.D.M. 245 London
- Lugard . Instructions to Political Officers , 306 – 7 .
- Richardson , James . 1853 . Narrative of a Mission to Central Africa in the Years 1850–51 Vol. II , 274 London
- Schön and Crowther . Journals , 188
- Lovejoy . ‘Slavery in the Sokoto Caliphate’ . 233 – 4 .
- Henry Robinson , Charles . 1896 . Hausaland or Fifteen Hundred Miles Through the Central Sudan 132 London
- Carl Tambo , David . 1976 . ‘The Sokoto Caliphate Slave Trade in the Nineteenth Century’ . International Journal of African Historical Studies , 9 ( 2 ) : 187 – 217 .
- Lugard . Instructions to Political Officers , 306 – 7 .
- Barth , Heinrich . 1857–59 . Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa, 1849–55 Vol. I , 512 London
- Garba , Tijani . 1986 . “ ‘Taxation in Some Hausa Emirates, c. 1860–1939’ ” . 190 University of Birmingham . Ph.D. thesis, unpublished
- Robinson . Hausaland , 88
- Garba . ‘Taxation in Some Hausa Emirates’ . 191
- Swindell , Ken . 1984 . ‘Farmers, Traders, and Labourers: Dry Season Migration from North‐West Nigeria, 1900–33’ . Africa , 54 ( 1 ) : 9
- Temple , C.L. 1909 . ‘Annual Report, Kano Province, 1909’ SNP 7/10 6415
- Palmer , H.R. 1836 . ‘Report for 1909, Katsina Division of Kano Province’ Katprof 1
- Garba . ‘Taxation in Some Hausa Emirates’ . 372
- Watts , Michael . 1983 . Silent Violence: Food, Famine and Peasantry in Northern Nigeria 280 Berkeley
- Richardson . Narrative of a Mission to Central Africa , II 274
- Schön and Crowther . Journals , 188
- Robinson . Hausaland , 132
- Swindell . ‘Farmers, Traders and Labourers’ . 3 – 19 .
- Prothero , R.M. 1958 . Migrant Labour from Sokoto Province, Northern Nigeria Kaduna
- Prothero . 1957 . ‘Migratory Labour from North‐Western Nigeria’ . Africa , 27 ( 3 ) : 251 – 62 .
- Watts , Michael . 1983 . Silent Violence 358 – 62 . Berkeley
- Roberts , Richard . “ ‘Ideology, Slavery and Social Formation: The Evolution of Maraka Slavery in the Middle Niger Valley’ ” . In Ideology of Slavery Edited by: Lovejoy . 187