Making Cycling Irresistible: Lessons from The Netherlands, Denmark and Germany

References

• Alterman , R. 2001 . “ National‐level planning in democratic countries: a comparative perspective ” . In National‐Level Planning in Democratic Countries: An International Comparison of City and Regional‐Policy Making , Edited by: Alterman , R. 1 – 42 . Liverpool : Liverpool University Press .
   Google Scholar
• American Public Transportation Association . 2007 . Public Transportation Fact Book , Washington, DC : American Public Transportation Association .
   Google Scholar
• Andersen , T. . Odense: The National Cycle City of Denmark . PowerPoint presentation made at the Annual Conference of the Bicycling Federation of Australia . October 6 2005 , Brisbane.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics . 2007 . 2001 Census of Population and Housing, Journey to Work Files , Canberra : Australian Bureau of Statistics . Available at: http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/d3310114.nsf/Home/census (accessed 30 November 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Banister , D. 2005 . Unsustainable Transport: City Transport in the New Century , Oxford : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Banister , D. , Pucher , J. and Lee‐Gosselin , M. 2007 . “ Making sustainable transport politically and publicly acceptable ” . In Institutions and Sustainable Transport: Regulatory Reform in Advanced Economies , Edited by: Rietveld , P. and Stough , R. 17 – 50 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Boehme , S. . Fahrradfahren in Muenster . PowerPoint presentation provided directly by City of Muenster's Department of Transport Planning . Muenster. pp. 86
   Google Scholar
• Bratzel , S. 1999 . Conditions of success in sustainable urban transport policy—policy change in ‘relatively successful’ European cities . Transport Reviews , 19 : 177 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 2007 . WISQARS: Web‐based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System , Atlanta, GA : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars/ (accessed 30 November 2007)
   Google Scholar
• City of Amsterdam . 2003a . The Amsterdam Bicycle Policy , Amsterdam : Dienst Infrastructuur Verkeer en Vervoer .
   Google Scholar
• City of Amsterdam . 2003b . Bicycling Facts and Figures , Amsterdam : Gemeente Amsterdam . Available at: http://www.amsterdam.nl/aspx/get.aspx?xdl=/views/amsterdamnl/xdl/catch&ItmIdt=00002496&SitIdt=00000005&VarIdt=00000002#Factsandfigures (accessed 30 November 2007)
   Google Scholar
• City of Amsterdam . 2007 . Choosing for the Cyclist: Bicycle Program 2007–2010 , Amsterdam : Gemeente Amsterdam .
   Google Scholar
• City of Berlin . 2003 . Urban Transport in Berlin: Focus on Bicycling , Berlin : Senatsverwaltung fuer Stadtentwicklung .
   Google Scholar
• City of Berlin . 2005 . Bauordnung fuer Berlin. City Construction Code , Berlin : Senatsverwaltung fuer Stadtentwicklung .
   Google Scholar
• City of Berlin . 2007 . Fahrradverkehr [Bicycling Transportation in Berlin] , Berlin : Senatsverwaltung fuer Stadtentwicklung . Available at: http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/verkehr/radverkehr/index.shtml (accessed 30 November 2007)
   Google Scholar
• City of Chicago . 2007 . Bike 2015 Plan for the City of Chicago Available at: http://www.bike2015plan.org/ (accessed 30 November 2007)
   Google Scholar
• City of Copenhagen . 2002 . Cycle Policy , Copenhagen : City of Copenhagen .
   Google Scholar
• City of Copenhagen . 2004 . Bicycle Account , Copenhagen : City of Copenhagen .
   Google Scholar
• City of Copenhagen . 2007 . City Profile , Copenhagen : City of Copenhagen . Available at: http://www3.kk.dk/Globalmenu/City%20of%20Copenhagen.aspx (accessed March 2007)
   Google Scholar
• City of Groningen . 2007 . Key Figures Available at: http://www.groningen.nl/assets/pdf/kerncijfers_2006_engels_nw.pdf (accessed 30 November 2007)
   Google Scholar
• City of Muenster . 2004 . Fahrradhauptstadt Muenster [Muenster–German Capital of Cycling] , Muenster : Department of City Planning, City of Muenster .
   Google Scholar
• City of Muenster . 2007 . Verkehrsplanung in Muenster [Transportation Planning in Muenster] , webpage of the City of Muenster's Department of Transport Planning . Available at: http://www.muenster.de/stadt/stadtplanung/verkehrsplanung.html (accessed 30 November 2007)
   Google Scholar
• City of Odense . 2007 . National Cycle City (Cycleby) Website Available at: http://www.cykelby.dk/eng/index.asp (accessed 30 November 2007)
   Google Scholar
• City of Portland . 2007a . Portland, Oregon: Creating a World‐Class Bicycling City , Portland, OR : Portland Office of Transportation and Bicycle Transportation Alliance .
   Google Scholar
• City of Portland . 2007b . Poised at the Threshold , Portland, OR : Portland Office of Transportation and Bicycle Transportation Alliance .
   Google Scholar
• City of Portland . 2007c . Portland Bicycle Counts, 2007 , Portland, OR : Portland Office of Transportation .
   Google Scholar
• Danish Ministry of Transport . 2000 . Promoting Safer Cycling: A Strategy , Copenhagen : Danish Ministry of Transport .
   Google Scholar
• Danish Ministry of Transport . 2007 . Danish National Travel Surveys , Copenhagen : Danish Institute of Transport Research .
   Google Scholar
• Department for Transport . 2005 . Cycling Fact Sheet , London : Department for Transport . Available at: http://www.dft.gov.uk/ (accessed 3 July 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Department for Transport . 2006 . National Travel Survey 2005 , London : Department for Transport . Available at: http://www.dft.gov.uk/ (accessed 3 July 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Department for Transport . 2007 . National Travel Statistics , London : Department for Transport . Available at: http://www.dft.gov.uk/ (accessed 3 July 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Dutch Bicycling Council . 2006 . Continuous and Integral: The Cycling Policies of Groningen and other European Cities , Amsterdam : Fietsberaad . Available at: http://www.fietsberaad.nl/ (accessed April 2006)
   Google Scholar
• European Conference of the Ministers of Transport . 2004 . National Policies to Promote Cycling , Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development .
   Google Scholar
• European Union . 2002 . EU Energy and Transport in Figures, 2000 , Brussels : European Commission .
   Google Scholar
• European Union . 2003 . EU Energy and Transport in Figures, 2001 , Brussels : European Commission .
   Google Scholar
• European Union . 2006 . EU Energy and Transport in Figures, 2005 , Brussels : European Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Garrard , J. , Rose , G. and Lo , S. 2008 . Promoting transportation cycling for women: the role of bicycle infrastructure . Preventive Medicine , 46 (1) : 55 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• German Federal Ministry of Transport . 1998 . Erster Bericht der Bundesregierung über die Situation des Fahrradverkehrs in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1998 [First Report about the State of Cycling in Germany, 1998] , Berlin : German Federal Ministry of Transport .
   Google Scholar
• German Federal Ministry of Transport . 2002 . FahrRad! Ride Your Bike! National Bicycle Plan , Berlin : German Federal Ministry of Transport .
   Google Scholar
• German Federal Ministry of Transport . 2003 . German Federal Travel Survey 2002 (MiD) , Berlin : German Federal Ministry of Transport .
   Google Scholar
• German Federal Ministry of Transport . 2006 . Strassenverkehrsordnung [German Traffic Laws] , Berlin : German Federal Ministry of Transport . Available at: http://www.bmvbs.de/Anlage/original_ 987610/Strassenverkehrs‐Ordnung.pdf (accessed 30 November 2007)
   Google Scholar
• German Federal Ministry of Transport . 2007 . German Transportation in Figures , Berlin : German Federal Ministry of Transport .
   Google Scholar
• German Railways . 2007 . Call a Bike , Berlin : Deutsche Bahn . Available at: http://www.db.de/site/bahn/de/reisen/mobilitaetskette/callabike/callabike.html (accessed 30 November 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin , P. 1999 . Transformation of transport policy in Great Britain . Transportation Research A , 33 (7/8) : 655 – 670 .
   Google Scholar
• Hass‐Klau , C. 1990 . The Pedestrian and City Traffic , New York : Belhaven Press .
   Google Scholar
• Herrstedt , L. 1992 . Traffic calming design—a speed management method: Danish experiences on environmentally adapted through roads . Accident Analysis and Prevention , 24 : 3 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen , P. 2003 . Safety in numbers: more walkers and bicyclists, safer walking and bicycling . Injury Prevention , 9 : 205 – 209 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunert , U. , Kloas , J. and Kuhfeld , H. 2002 . “ Design characteristics of National Travel Surveys: international comparison for 10 countries ” . In Transportation Research Record 1804
   Google Scholar
• Langenberg , P. 2000 . Cycling in Amsterdam. Developments in the City , Amsterdam : Velo Mondial .
   Google Scholar
• McClintock , H. , ed. 2002 . Planning for Cycling: Principles, Practice, and Solutions for Urban Planners , Cambridge : Woodhead .
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , D. , Thomson , H. and Petticrew , M. 2004 . An evaluation of the health effects of a neighbourhood traffic calming scheme . Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , 58 : 837 – 840 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Statistical Office of Denmark . 2005 . National Travel Statistics , Copenhagen : National Statistical Office .
   Google Scholar
• Netherlands Ministry of Transport . 1999 . The Dutch Bicycle Master Plan , Hague : Ministry of Transport, Public Works, and Water Management .
   Google Scholar
• Netherlands Ministry of Transport . 2006 . Cycling in the Netherlands , Rotterdam : Ministry of Transport, Public Works, and Water Management .
   Google Scholar
• Netherlands Ministry of Transport . 2007 . Passenger Kilometers of Cycling and Fatality Rates (data gathered directly from the ministry of transport) , Rotterdam : Ministry of Transport, Public Works, and Water Management .
   Google Scholar
• Newman , P. and Kenworthy , J. 1999 . Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence , Washington, DC : Island Press .
   Google Scholar
• New York City Department of Transportation . 2007a . PlaNYC: A Greener, Greater New York , New York : City of New York . Available at: http://home2.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/downloads/pdf/full_report.pdf (accessed 30 November 2007)
   Google Scholar
• New York City Department of Transportation . 2007b . NYC Bicycle Counts on a Single Weekday (7am to 7pm) at Selected Commuter Locations (1980–2007) , New York : Department of Transportation .
   Google Scholar
• Nivola , P. S. 1999 . Laws of the Landscape. How Policies Shape Cities in Europe and America , Washington, DC : Brookings Institution Press .
   Google Scholar
• Noland , R. 1994 . Perceived risk and modal choice: risk compensation in transportation systems . Accident Analysis and Prevention , 27 : 503 – 521 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• North‐Rhine Westphalia Ministry of Transport . 2004 . Fahrradfreundliche Staedte und Gemeinden in Nordrhein‐Westfalen: Eine Zwischenbilanz [Bicycling Friendly Cities in North‐Rhine Westphalia] , Duesseldorf : Ministerium fuer Wirtschaft, Mittelstand, Technologie und Verkehr des Landes Nordrhein‐Westfalen .
   Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development . 2005 . OECD Statistics , Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development .
   Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development . 2007 . Underreporting of Road Traffic Casualties (ITRAD Special Report. International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group) , Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development . Available at: http://cemt.org/IRTAD/IRTADPublic/publications/special_rep_underreporting.pdf (accessed 30 November 2007)
   Google Scholar
• OV‐Fiets . 2007 . OV‐Fiets: A Fast and Easy Bike Rental Available at: http://www.ov‐fiets.nl/engels/index.htm (accessed 30 November 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Pucher , J. 1995 . Urban passenger transport in the United States and Europe: a comparative analysis of public policies. Part 1. Travel behavior, urban development and automobile use . Transport Reviews , 15 : 99 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pucher , J. 1997 . Bicycling boom in Germany: a revival engineered by public policy . Transportation Quarterly , 51 (4) : 31 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Pucher , J. and Dijkstra , L. 2000 . Making walking and cycling safer: lessons from Europe . Transportation Quarterly , 54 (3) : 25 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Pucher , J. and Dijkstra , L. 2003 . Promoting safe walking and cycling to improve public health: lessons from the Netherlands and Germany . American Journal of Public Health , 93 (9) : 1509 – 1517 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pucher , J. , Komanoff , C. and Schimek , P. 1999 . Bicycling renaissance in North America? Recent trends and alternative policies to promote bicycling . Transportation Research A , 33 (7/8) : 625 – 654 .
   Google Scholar
• Rietveld , P. and Daniel , V. 2004 . Determinants of bicycle use: do municipal policies matter? . Transportation Research A , 38 : 531 – 550 .
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt , S. and Buehler , R. 2007 . The planning process in the US and Germany: a comparative analysis . International Planning Studies , 12 : 55 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Socialdata . 2007 . Verkehrsmittelwahl in Deutschland [Transport Mode Choice in Germany] , Munich : Socialdata .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada . 2007 . Where Canadians Work and How They Get There , Ottawa : Statistics Canada .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Netherlands . 1999 . Staat der Wegen: Lengte van Fietspaden en—stoken, per Province [Extent of Bicycling Paths and Lanes by Province] , Voorburg/Heerlen : Central Bureau of Statistics .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Netherlands . 2005 . Transportation Statistics , Amsterdam : Statistics Netherlands .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Netherlands . 2007 . Transportation Statistics , Amsterdam : Statistics Netherlands .
   Google Scholar
• Thunderhead Alliance . 2007 . Bicycling and Walking in the US: Benchmarking Report, 2007 , Prescott, AZ : Thunderhead Alliance .
   Google Scholar
• Tolley , R. , ed. 2003 . Sustainable Transport: Planning for Walking and Cycling in Urban Environments , Cambridge : Woodhead .
   Google Scholar
• Transport for London . 2003 . Impacts of 20 mph Zones in London Boroughs , London : Transport for London .
   Google Scholar
• Transport for London . 2007a . Congestion Charging: Fourth Annual Impacts Report , London : Transport for London . Available at: http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/FourthAnnualReportFinal.pdf (accessed 30 November 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Transport for London . 2007b . Central London Congestion Charging Scheme: Ex‐post Evaluation of the Quantified Impacts of the Original Scheme , London : Transport for London . Available at: http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/Ex‐post‐evaluation‐of‐quantified‐impacts‐of‐original‐scheme‐07‐June.pdf (accessed 30 November 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Transportation Research Board . 2001 . Making Transit Work: Insights from Western Europe, Canada, and the United States , Washington, DC : National Research Council . (TRB Special Report 257)
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Transportation . 1994 . National Bicycling and Walking Study: Transportation Choices for a Changing America , Washington, DC : Federal Highway Administration .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Transportation . 2003 . National Household Travel Survey, 2001 , Washington, DC : Federal Highway Administration .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Transportation . 2004 . National Bicycling and Walking Study: Ten Year Status Report , Washington, DC : Federal Highway Administration .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Transportation . 2007 . Traffic Safety Fact Sheets , Washington, DC : National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . Available at: http://www‐nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov (accessed 15 March 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Walker , I. 2007 . Drivers overtaking bicyclists: objective data on the effects of riding position, helmet use, vehicle type, and apparent gender . Accident Analysis and Prevention , 39 : 417 – 425 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster , D. C. and Mackie , A. M. 1996 . Review of Traffic Calming Schemes in 20 mph zones , Crowthorne : Transport Research Laboratory . (TRL Report 215)
   Google Scholar