1,447
Views
38
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Fatigue in transport: a review of exposure, risks, checks and controlsFootnote*

, , ORCID Icon &
Pages 742-766 | Received 13 Sep 2016, Accepted 22 Jun 2017, Published online: 20 Jul 2017

References

  • *Åkerstedt, T., & Landström, U. (1998). Work place countermeasures of night shift fatigue. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 21(3–4), 167–178. doi: 10.1016/S0169-8141(97)00045-0
  • Åkerstedt, T., Anund, A., Axelsson, J., & Kecklund, G. (2014). Subjective sleepiness is a sensitive indicator of insufficient sleep and impaired wake function. Journal of Sleep Research, 23, 240–252. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12158
  • Åkerstedt, T., Folkard, S., & Portin, C. (2004). Predictions from the three-process model of alertness. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 75(3), A75–A83.
  • Åkerstedt, T. (2010). Alecta. Retrieved from http://www.alecta.se/Om-Alecta/Halsa/Trotthet/Testa-din-vakenhet/
  • *Ahlstrom, C., Nyström, M., Holmqvist, K., Fors, C., Sandberg, D., Anund, A., … Åkerstedt, T. (2013). Fit-for-duty test for estimation of drivers’ sleepiness level: Eye movements improve the sleep/wake predictor. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 26, 20–32. doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2012.07.008
  • *Aidman, E., Chadunow, C., Johnson, K., & Reece, J. (2015). Real-time driver drowsiness feedback improve driver alertness and self-reported driving performance. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 81, 8–13. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.03.041
  • *Akhtar, J., & Utne, I. B. (2013). Reducing the probability of ship grounding: which measure to undertake? WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 13(1), 27–42.
  • Akhtar, J., & Utne, I. B. (2015a). Common patterns in aggregated accident analysis charts from human fatigue-related groundings and collisions at sea. Maritime Policy & Management, 42(2), 186–206. doi: 10.1080/03088839.2014.926032
  • *Akhtar, J., & Utne, I. B. (2015b). Fatigue at sea – a manning problem. Journal of Maritime Research, 11(3), 27–42.
  • ALPA. (2008). ALPA white paper, fatigue risk management systems: Addressing fatigue within a just safety culture. Washington: Author.
  • *Anund, A., Fors, C., Kecklund, G., van Leeuwen, W., & Åkersted, T. (2015). Countermeasures for fatigue in transportation. A review of existing methods for drivers on road, rail, sea and in air. Linkjöping: VTI.
  • *Armstrong, K., Obst, P., Banks, T. D., & Smith, S. S. (2010). Managing driver fatigue: Education or motivation? Road & Transport Research, 19(3), 14–20.
  • *Bagdanov, F. (2005). North American Pilot Fatigue Management Program for commercial motor carriers (Alberta results). In Fatigue management in transportation. Seattle, WA: US Department of Transportation.
  • *Balkin, T. J., Horrey, W. J., Graeber, R. C., Czeisler, C. A., & Dinges, D. F. (2011). The challenges and opportunities of technological approaches to fatigue management. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(2), 565–572. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.12.006
  • *Belenky, G., & Åkerstedt, T. (2011). Chapter 64 – introduction. In M. H. K. R. C. Dement (Eds.), Principles and practice of sleep medicine (5th ed., pp. 734–737). Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders.
  • *Belenky, G., Balkin, D. P., Redmond, H. C., Thomas, M. L., Thorne, D. R., & Wesensten, N. J. (1998). Sustaining performance during continuous operations: The US army’s sleep management system. In L. Hartley (Ed.), Managing fatigue in transportation (pp. 77–85). Oxford: Elsevier.
  • *Belenky, G., Wu, L. J., & Jackson, M. L. (2011). Occupational and sleep medicine: Practice and promise. Progress in Brain Research, 190, 189–203. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53817-8.00012-8
  • *Berka, C., Westbrook, P., Levendowski, D. J., Lumicao, M. N., Ramsey, C. K., Zavora, T., & Offner, T. (2005). Implementation model for identifying and treating obstructive sleep Apnea in commercial drivers. Fatigue Management in Transport, Transport Canada.
  • Bidasca, L., & Townsend, E. (2014). The business case for managing road risk at work. PRAISE Work-related road safety. Brussels: ETSC.
  • Boivin, D. (2000). Best practices compendiu, of fatigue countermeasures in transport operations (Doc No.13620E). Montreal, Quebec: Pro Tempo.
  • *Booth-Bourdeau, J., Marcil, I., Laurence, M., McCulloch, K., & Dawson, D. (2005). Development of fatigue risk management systems for the Canadian aviation industry. Fatigue Management in Transportation, Transport Canada, Montreal.
  • Borbély, A. A. (1982). A two-process model of sleep regulation. Human Neurobiology, 1, 195–204.
  • *Borghini, G., Astolfi, L., Vecchiato, G., Mattia, D., & Babiloni, F. (2014). Measuring neurophysiological signals in aircraft pilots and car drivers for the assessment of mental workload, fatigue and drowsiness. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 44, 58–75. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.10.003
  • *Brown, I. D. (1997). Prospects for technological countermeasures against driver fatigue. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 29(4), 525–531. doi: 10.1016/S0001-4575(97)00032-8
  • Cafiso, S., Di Graziano, A., & Pappalardo, G. (2013). Road safety issues for bus transport management. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 60, 324–333. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.06.010
  • *Caldwell, J. A., Caldwell, J. L., & Schmidt, R. M. (2008). Alertness management strategies for operational contexts. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 12(4), 257–273. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2008.01.002
  • *Caldwell, J. A. (2001). The impact of fatigue in air medical and other types of operations: A review of fatigue facts and potential countermeasures. Air Medical Journal, 20(1), 25–32. doi: 10.1067/mmj.2001.112420
  • *Calhoun, S. R., & Lamb, T. (1999). Human factors in ship design: Preventing and reducing shipboard operator fatigue. Washington: University of Michigan, Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, U.S. Coast Guard Research Project.
  • CASA. (2010). Biomathematical fatigue modelling in civila aviation fatigue risk management, Version 1.0. Woden, Australia: Civil Aviation Safety Authority.
  • CASA. (2014). Biomathematical fatigue models. Guidance document. Woden, Australia: Australian Government. Civil Aviation Safety Authority.
  • Christodoulou, C. (2012). Approaches to the measurement of fatigue. In G. Matthews, P. Desmond, & C. Neubauer (Eds.), The handbook of operator fatigue (pp. 125–138). Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
  • *Costa, G. (2010). Shift work and health: Current problems and preventive actions. Safety and Health at Work, 1(2), 112–123. doi: 10.5491/SHAW.2010.1.2.112
  • Craig, A., Tran, Y., & Wijesuriya, N. (2011). Psychophysiological characteristics of driver fatigue. In J. C. Verster & C. F. P. George (Eds.), Sleep, sleepiness and traffic safety (pp. 65–91). New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
  • Daniel, S., & Sonnentag, S. (2014). Work to non-work enrichment: the mediating roles of positive affect and positive work reflection. Work & Stress, 28, 49–66.
  • Darwent, D., Dawson, D., Paterson, J. L., Roach, G. D., & Ferguson, S. A. (2015). Managing fatigue: It really is about sleep. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 82, 20–26. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.05.009
  • Dawson, D., & McCulloch, K. (2005). Managing fatigue: It’s about sleep. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 9(5), 365–380. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2005.03.002
  • *Dawson, D., Chapman, J., & Thomas, M. J. W. (2012). Fatigue-proofing: A new approach to reducing fatigue-related risk using the principles of error management. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 16(2), 167–175. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2011.05.004
  • *Dawson, D., Ian Noy, Y., Härmä, M., Åkerstedt, T., & Belenky, G. (2011). Modelling fatigue and the use of fatigue models in work settings. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(2), 549–564. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.12.030
  • *Dawson, D., Searle, A. K., & Paterson, J. L. (2014). Look before you (s)leep: Evaluating the use of fatigue detection technologies within a fatigue risk management system for the road transport industry. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 18(2), 141–152. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2013.03.003
  • *Desmond, P. A., & Hancock, P. A. (2001). Active and passive fatigue states. In P. A. Hancock & P. A. Desmond (Eds.), Stress, workload and fatigue (pp. 455–465). New York, NY: CRC Press.
  • *Dinges, D. F., & Powell, J. W. (1985). Microcomputer analyses of performance on a portable, simple visual RT task during sustained operations. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 17(6), 652–655. doi: 10.3758/BF03200977
  • Dinges, D. F., Maislin, G., Brewster, R. M., Krueger, G., & Carroll, R. J. (2005). Pilot test of fatigue management technologies. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1922, 175–182. doi: 10.3141/1922-22
  • Dorrian, J., Baulk, S. D., & Dawson, D. (2011). Work hours, workload, sleep and fatigue in Australian rail industry employees. Applied Ergonomics, 42(2), 202–209. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2010.06.009
  • *Dorrian, J., Hussey, F., & Dawson, D. (2007). Train driving efficiency and safety: Examining the cost of fatigue. Journal of Sleep Research, 16(1), 1–11. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2007.00563.x
  • Dorrian, J., Roach, G. D., Fletcher, A., & Dawson, D. (2006). The effects of fatigue on train handling during speed restrictions. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9(4), 243–257. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2006.01.003
  • Dozza, M., & Gonzalez, N. P. (2012). Recognizing safety-critical events from naturalistic driving data. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 48, 505–515. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.1029
  • Enehaug, H., & Gamperiene, M. (2010). Nærtransportsjåførens arbeidsdag. Oslo: Arbeidsforskningsinstittut (AFI).
  • *ETSC. (2010). Safe commuting to work – PRAISE Report 4. Retrieved from http://etsc.eu/wp-content/uploads/PRAISE-Report-4.pdf
  • *Ferguson, S. A., Lamond, N., Kandelaars, K., Jay, S. M., & Dawson, D. (2008). The impact of short, irregular sleep opportunities at sea on the alertness of marine pilots working extended hours. Chronobiology International, 25(2), 399–411. doi: 10.1080/07420520802106819
  • *Feyer, A.-M., & Williamson, A. M. (1995). Work and rest in the long-distance road transport industry in Australia. Work & Stress, 9(2–3), 198–205. doi: 10.1080/02678379508256554
  • *Folkard, S., Robertson, K., & Spencer, M. (2007). A fatigue/risk index to assess work schedules. Somnologie, 11, 177–185. doi: 10.1007/s11818-007-0308-6
  • *Fourie, C., Holmes, A., Hildritch, C., Bourgeois-Bougrine, S., & Jackson, P. (2010). Interviews with operators, regulators and researchers with experience of implementing fatigue risk management systems (Road Safety Research Report). London: Department for Transport.
  • *Friswell, R., & Williamson, A. (2005). Evaluating fatigue management strategies for long distance road transport. Fatigue management in transportation. Seattle, WA: Transport Canada.
  • Fritz, C., Sonnentag, S., Spector, P. E., & McInroe, J. A. (2010). The weekend matters: Relationships between stress recovery and affective experiences. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(8), 1137–1162. doi: 10.1002/job.672
  • *Gall, B. (2006). Improving alertness through effective fatigue management. London: Energy Institute.
  • *Gander, P., Hartley, L., Powell, D., Cabon, P., Hitchcock, E., Mills, A., & Popkin, S. (2011). Fatigue risk management: Organizational factors at the regulatory and industry/company level. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(2), 573–590. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.11.007
  • *Gander, P., Waite, D., McKay, A., Seal, T., & Millar, M. (1998). An integrated fatigue management programme for tanker drivers. In L. Hartley (Ed.), Managing fatigue in transportation (pp. 399–414). Oxford: Elsevier.
  • *Gander, P. H., Marshall, N. S., Bolger, W., & Girling, I. (2005). An evaluation of driver training as a fatigue countermeasure. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 8(1), 47–58. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2005.01.001
  • *Gershon, P., Shinar, D., & Ronen, A. (2009). Evaluation of experience-based fatigue countermeasures. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41(5), 969–975. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.05.012
  • *Gershon, P., Shinar, D., Oron-Gilad, T., Parmet, Y., & Ronen, A. (2011). Usage and perceived effectiveness of fatigue countermeasures for professional and nonprofessional drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(3), 797–803. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.10.027
  • *Gertler, J. B., Popkin, S., Nelson, D., & O’Neil, K. (2002). Toolbox for transit operator fatigue. ( Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP), Report No. 81). Washington, DC: Transit Cooperative Research Program.
  • *Gunther, D. (2008). Operational benefits of a fatigue risk management system. Aviation fatigue management symposium: Partnerships for solutions. Vienna, VA: Federal Aviation Authority.
  • Hakkanen, H., & Summala, H. (2000). Driver sleepiness-related problems, health status, and prolonged driving among professional heavy-vehicle drivers. Transportation Human Factors, 2(2), 151–171. doi: 10.1207/STHF0202_05
  • Hancock, P. A., Desmond, P. A., & Matthews, G. (2012). Conceptualizing and defining fatigue. In G. Matthews, P. Desmond, & C. Neubauer (Eds.), The handbook of operator fatigue (pp. 63–73). Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
  • Hanowski, R. J., Hickman, J., Fumero, M. C., Olson, R. L., & Dingus, T. A. (2007). The sleep of commercial vehicle drivers under the 2003 hours-of-service regulations. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 39(6), 1140–1145. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.02.011
  • Hanowski, R. J., Hickman, J. S., Blanco, M., & Fitch, G. M. (2011). Chapter 11. Long-haul truck driving and traffic safety: Studying drowsiness and truck driver safety using a naturalistic driving method. In J. C. Verster & C. F. P. George (Eds.), Sleep, sleepiness and traffic safety (pp. 149–180). New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
  • Hanowski, R. J., Hickman, J. S., Olson, R. L., & Bocanegra, J. (2009). Evaluating the 2003 revised hours-of-service regulations for truck drivers: The impact of time-on-task on critical incident risk. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41(2), 268–275. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2008.11.007
  • *Hao, T., Xing, G., & Zhou, G. (2013). iSleep: Unobtrusive sleep quality monitoring using smartphones (SenSys 13), November 11–15, 2013, Rome, Italy.
  • Hartley, S. L., Barbot, F., Machou, M., Lejaille, M., Moreau, B., Vaugier, I., … Quera-Salva, M. A. (2013). Combined caffeine and bright light reduces dangerous driving in sleep-deprived healthy volunteers: A pilot cross-over randomised controlled trial. Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology, 43(3), 161–169. doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2013.04.001
  • *Hartzler, B. M. (2014). Fatigue on the flight deck: The consequences of sleep loss and the benefits of napping. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 62, 309–318. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.10.010
  • *Haworth, N., & Herffernan, J. M. (1989). Information for development of an educational program to reduce fatigue-related truck accidents. Monash University Accident Research Center, Melbourne, Australia.
  • *Heitmann, A., Bowles, H., Hansen, K., Holzbrecher-Morys, M., Langley, T., & Schnipke, D. (2009). Seeking a new way to detect human impairment in the workplace. International conference on fatigue management in transport operations. A framework for progress, Boston, MA.
  • *Holmes, A., Baker, A., & Jackson, P. (2006). Viability of using sleep contracts as a control measure in fatigue management ( IP Research Report). London: Clockwork Consultants Ltd.
  • Horne, J. (2012). Working throughout the night: Beyond “sleepiness” – impairments to critical decision making. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(10), 2226–2231. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.08.005
  • *Horrey, W. J., Noy, Y. I., Folkard, S., Popkin, S. M., Howarth, H. D., & Courtney, T. K. (2011). Research needs and opportunities for reducing the adverse safety consequences of fatigue. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(2), 591–594. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.01.014
  • *Houtman, I., Miedema, M., Jettinghoff, K., Starren, A., Heinrich, J., Gort, J., … Wubbolts, S. (2005). Fatigue in the shipping industry (TNO reports No. 20834/11353). Hoofddorp: TNO.
  • *Howard, M., Wilson, J. R., Hare, D., Swann, P., & Pierce, R. (2009). Injury reduction with a sleep disorders screening program. International conference on fatigue management in transport operations. A framework for progress. Boston, MA: US Department of Transportation.
  • IATA/ICAO/IFALPA. (2015). Fatigue Management Guide for Airline Operators (2nd ed.). Montreal, Quebec: ICAO. Retrieved from www.icao.int
  • ICAO. (2013). Annex 19 to the convention on international civil aviation: Safety management (1st ed.). Montreal, Quebec: Author.
  • *Jay, S. M., Aisbett, B., Sprajcer, M., & Ferguson, S. A. (2015). Sleeping at work: Not all about location, location, location. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 19, 59–66. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.04.003
  • Jay, S. M., Dawson, D., & Lamond, N. (2005). Train drivers’ fatigue and recovery during extended relay operations. Fatigue management in transportation. Seattle, WA: Transport Canada.
  • *Jettinghoff, K., Staren, A., Houtman, I., & Henstra, D. (2005). I love fit behind the wheel! In Fatigue in traffic: Measures abroad and their applicability in The Netherlands. Twijnstra Gudde, NL.
  • Kompier, M. A. J. (1996). Bus drivers: Occupational stress and stress prevention. International labour office. Geneva: TNO Prevention and Health, Leiden.
  • *Lützhöft, M., Grech, M. R., & Porathe, T. (2011). Information environment, fatigue, and culture in the maritime domain. Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 7, 280–285. doi: 10.1177/1557234X11410391
  • *Lützhöft, M., Thorslund, B., Kircher, A., & Gillberg, M. (2007). Fatigue at sea – a field study in Swedish shipping. VTI rapport. Linköping: Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI).
  • Lal, S. K. L., & Craig, A. (2001). A critical review of the psychophysiology of driver fatigue. Biological Psychology, 55(3), 173–194. doi: 10.1016/S0301-0511(00)00085-5
  • *Leaman, H., & Krueger, G. P. (2009). Overcoming barriers to commercial driver sleep apnea screening. International conference on fatigue management in transport operations. A framework for progress, Boston, MA.
  • Lee, J., Huang, Y., Murphy, L. A., Robertson, M. M., & Garabet, A. (2016). Measurement equivalence of a safety climate scale across multiple trucking companies. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 89(2), 352–376. doi: 10.1111/joop.12127
  • *Lerman, S. E., Eskin, E., Flower, D. J., George, E., Gerson, B., & Hartenbaum, N. (2012). Fatigue risk management in the workplace. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 54, 231–258. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318247a3b0
  • Lie, J.-A. S., Arneberg, L., Goffeng, L. O., Gravseth, H. M., Lie, A., Ljoså, C. H., & Matre, D. (2014). Arbeidstid og helse: oppdatering av en internasjonal litteraturstudie (STAMI Report, 21). Oslo: STAMI.
  • Lim, J., & Dinges, D. F. (2010). A meta-analysis of the impact of short-term sleep deprivation on cognitive variables. Psychological Bulletin, 136(3), 375–389. doi: 10.1037/a0018883
  • *Liu, C. C., Hosking, S. G., & Lenné, M. G. (2009). Predicting driver drowsiness using vehicle measures: Recent insights and future challenges. Journal of Safety Research, 40(4), 239–245. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2009.04.005
  • *Lockley, S. W., O’Brien, C. S., & Patton, M. Q. (2009). FRMS evaluation business case model: Operation healthy sleep: An evaluation teaching case. International conference on fatigue management in transport operations. A framework for progress, Boston, MA.
  • *MacLean, A. W., Davies, D. R. T., & Thiele, K. (2003). The hazards and prevention of driving while sleepy. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 7(6), 507–521. doi: 10.1016/S1087-0792(03)90004-9
  • *Mahon, G. L. (1998). The Queensland approach: the fatigue management program. In L. Hartley (Ed.), Managing fatigue in transportation (pp. 415–426). Oxford: Elsevier.
  • *May, J. F., & Baldwin, C. L. (2009). Driver fatigue: The importance of identifying causal factors of fatigue when considering detection and countermeasure technologies. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 12(3), 218–224. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2008.11.005
  • McCallum, M., Sanquist, T., Mitler, M., & Krueger, G. (2003). Commercial transportation operator fatigue management reference. Washington: US Department of Transportation, Human Factors Coordinating Committee.
  • *McColgan, J., & Nash, D. (2009). Findings from international railway roster studies - moving beyong fatigue management limitations of current schedule design: A three-prong approach. International conference on fatigue management in transport operations. A framework for progress. Boston, MA: US Department of Transportation.
  • *Moore-Ede, M., Heitmann, A., Dawson, T., & Guttkuhn, R. (2005). Truckload driver accident, injury and turnover rates reduced by fatigue risk-informed performance-based program. Fatigue management in transportation. Seattle, WA: US Department of Transport.
  • *Moore-Ede, M., Heitmann, A., Guttkuhn, R., Trutschel, U., Aguirre, A., & Croke, D. (2004). Circadian alertness simulator for fatigue risk assessment in transportation: Application to reduce frequency and severity of truck accidents. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 75(3), A107–A118.
  • *Moore-Ede, M. (2010). Evolution of fatigue risk management systems: The “Tipping Point” of employee fatigue mitigation. Stoneham, MA: Circadian Technologies White Papers, Circadian Technologies.
  • Murray, W., White, J., & Ison, S. (2012). Work-related road safety: A case study of Roche Australia. Safety Science, 50(1), 129–137. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2011.07.012
  • Nævestad, T. O. (2016). How can authorities support safety management in small transport businesses? (TØI Reports No. 1484/2016). Oslo: Institute of Transport Economics (TØI).
  • Neil-Sztramko, S. E., Pahwa, M., Demers, P. A., & Gotay, C. C. (2004). Overtime and extended work shifts. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health, 40(6), 543–556. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3445
  • Nielsen, L. D., Nielsen, K. A., Munk-Madsen, E., & Hartmann-Petersen, K. (2010). Fleksibilitet, flygtighed og frirum. Frederiksberg: Roskilde Universitetsforlag.
  • *Nolan, D. (2005). Fatigue management – the Australian way. Fatigue management in transportation. Seattle, WA: Transport Canada.
  • *Nordbakke, S., & Sagberg, F. (2007). Sleepy behind the wheel: Knowledge, symptoms and behaviour among car drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 10, 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2006.03.003
  • Nordbakke, S. (2004). Trøtte typer på tur. Trøtthet og innsovning bak rattet – erfaring, kunnskap og atferd blant yrkesførere og privatbilister (TØI Reports No. 706/2004). Oslo: Institute of Transport Economics.
  • Oerlemans, W. G. M., Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2014). How feeling happy during off-job activities helps successful recovery from work: A day reconstruction study. Work & Stress, 28, 1–19.
  • *Office of Rail Regulation. (2012). Managing rail staff fatigue. London, UK: Office of Rail Regulation. Retrieved from www.orr.gov.uk
  • *Oran-Gilad, T., Ronen, A., & Shinar, D. (2008). Alertness maintaining tasks (AMTs) while driving. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40, 851–860. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.09.026
  • *Phillips, R. O., & Sagberg, F. (2010). Fatigue management in occupational driving. An assessment by literature review ( TØI Report). Oslo: Institute of Transport Economics.
  • Phillips, R. O., Nævestad, T. O., & Bjørnskau, T. (2015). Fatigue in operators of land- and sea-based transport forms in Norway. Literature review and expert opinion (Fatigue in Transport Report III No. 1395/2015). Oslo: Institute of Transport Economics.
  • Phillips, R. O. (2014a). What is fatigue and how does it affect safety performance of the human transport operator? Oslo: Insitute of Transport Economics (TØI).
  • Phillips, R. O. (2015). A review of definitions of fatigue – and a step towards a whole definition. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 29, 48–56. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2015.01.003
  • Phillips, R.O. (2016). Countermeasures for use in fatigue risk management (Report No. 1488/2016). Oslo: Institute of Transport Economics (TØI).
  • *Poore, L., & Hartley, L. R. (1998). Developing a fatigue management plan for commercial vehicle drivers and operators. Perth: Government of Western Australia.
  • *Pylkkönen, M., Sihvola, M., Hyvärinen, H. K., Puttonen, S., & Hublin, C. (2015). Sleepiness, sleep, and use of sleepiness countermeasures in shift-working long-haul truck drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 80, 201–210. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.03.031
  • *Reyner, L. A., & Horne, J. A. (2002). Efficacy of a “functional energy drink” in counteracting driver sleepiness. Physiology & Behavior, 75(3), 331–335. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9384(01)00669-2
  • *Reyner, L. A., Flately, A. D., & Brown, J. (2006). Effectiveness of motorway service areas in reducing fatigue-related and other accidents. Loughborough: Sleep Research Centre/Dept for Transport.
  • *Roach, G. D., Sargent, C., Darwent, D., & Dawson, D. (2012). Duty periods with early start times restrict the amount of sleep obtained by short-haul airline pilots. Accident Analysis & Prevention 45, ( supplement), 22–26. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.020
  • *Ronen, A., Oron-Gilad, T., & Gershon, P. (2014). The combination of short rest and energy drink consumption as fatigue countermeasures during a prolonged drive of professional truck drivers. Journal of Safety Research, 49, 39.e31–43.
  • Rose, M., & Giray, N. (2013). Universal fatigue management strategies. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 8(2), 255–263. doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2013.02.004
  • Shahidi, P., Southward, S. C., & Ahmadian, M. (2009). A holistic approach to estimating crew alertness from continuous speech. International conference on fatigue management in transport operations. A framework for progress. Boston, MA.
  • *Sherry, P., & Philbrick, K. E. (2004). The effects of individualized actigraph feedback and coaching on fatigue management in railroad dispatchers. University of Denver.
  • *Sigari, M.-H., Pourshahabi, M.-R., Soryani, M., & Fathy, M. (2014). A review on driver face monitoring systems for fatigue and distraction detection. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 64, 73–100. doi: 10.14257/ijast.2014.64.07
  • *Sluiter, J. K., de Croon, E. M., Meijman, T. F., & Frings-Dresen, M. H. W. (2003). Need for recovery from work related fatigue and its role in the development and prediction of subjective health complaints. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60(Suppl. 1), 62i–i70. doi: 10.1136/oem.60.suppl_1.i62
  • *Smiley, A., Smahel, T., Boivin, D., Boudreau, P., Remmers, J., Turner, M., Rosekind, M. R., & Gregory, K. (2009). Effects of a fatigue management program on fatigue in the commercial motor vehicle industry. International conference on fatigue management in transport operations. A framework for progress, Boston, MA: US Department of Transportation.
  • Smith, A. (2006). Adequate crewing and seafarers' fatigue: the international perspective. Report from Centre of Occupational Health Psychology. Cardiff, UK: Cardiff University.
  • Smith, A. P., Allen, P. H., & Wadsworth, E. J. K. (2008). Seafarer’s fatigue: Conclusions and the way forward. In P. D. Bust (Ed.), Contemporary ergonomics: Proceedings of the international conference on contemporary ergonomics (CE2008) (pp. 607–612). Nottingham, UK: CRC Press.
  • Smolensky, M. H., Di Milia, L., Ohayon, M. M., & Philip, P. (2011). Sleep disorders, medical conditions, and road accident risk. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(2), 533–548. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.12.004
  • Snel, J., & Lorist, M. M. (2011). Chapter 6 – effects of caffeine on sleep and cognition. In P. A. V. D. Hans & A. K. Gerard (Eds.), Progress in brain research (Vol. 190, pp. 105–117). London: Elsevier.
  • Soccolich, S. A., Blanco, M., Hanowski, R. J., Olson, R. L., Morgan, J. F., Guo, F., & Wu, S.-C. (2013). An analysis of driving and working hour on commercial motor vehicle driver safety using naturalistic data collection. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 58, 249–258. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.06.024
  • Sonnentag, S., & Fritz, C. (2007). The recovery experience questionnaire: Development and validation of a measure for assessing recuperation and unwinding from work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12, 204–221. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.12.3.204
  • *Starren, A., van Hooff, M., Houtman, I., Buys, N., Rost-Ernst, A., Groenhuis, S., … Dawson, D. (2008). Preventing and managing fatigue in the shipping industry (TNO-report No. 031.10575). Hoofddorp: TNO.
  • Stevenson, M., Elkington, J., Sharwood, L., Meuleners, L., Ivers, R., Boufous, S., … Wong, K. (2014). The role of sleepiness, sleep disorders, and the work environment on heavyvehicle crashes in 2 Australian states. American Journal of Epidemiology, 179(5), 594–601. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwt305
  • Trutschel, U., Sirois, B., Aguirre, A., Dawson, T., Moore-Ede, M., Sommer, D., & Golz, M. (2009, March 26–29). Shiftwork adaptation testing system. International conference on fatigue management in transport operations. A framework for progress, Boston.
  • Tyagi, R., Shen, K., Shao, S., & Li, X. (2009). A novel auditory working-memory vigilance task for mental fatigue assessment. Safety Science, 47(7), 967–972. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2008.10.018
  • Tzamalouka, G., Papadakaki, M., & Chliaoutakis, J. E. (2005). Freight transport and non-driving work duties as predictors of falling asleep at the wheel in urban areas of Crete. Journal of Safety Research, 36(1), 75–84. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2004.12.003
  • van Dongen, H. P. A., & Mollicone, D. J. (2014). Field study on the efficacy of the new restart provision for hours of service. Washington DC: Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University and Pulsar Informatics.
  • van Veldhoven, M., & Broersen, S. (2003). Measurement quality and validity of the “need for recovery scale”. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60(Suppl. 1), 3i–i9. doi: 10.1136/oem.60.suppl_1.i3
  • *Verwey, W. B., & Zaidel, D. M. (1999). Preventing drowsiness accidents by an alertness maintenance device. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 31(3), 199–211. doi: 10.1016/S0001-4575(98)00062-1
  • *Verwey, W. B., & Zaidel, D. M. (2000). Predicting drowsiness accidents from personal attributes, eye blinks and ongoing driver behaviour. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 123–129. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00089-6
  • *Watling, C. N., Armstrong, K. A., Obst, P. L., & Smith, S. S. (2014). Continuing to drive while sleepy: The influence of sleepiness countermeasures, motivation for driving sleepy, and risk perception. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 73, 262–268. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.09.021
  • *Watling, C. N. (2014). Sleepy driving and pulling over for a rest: Investigating individual factors that contribute to these driving behaviours. Personality and Individual Differences, 56, 105–110. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.08.031
  • Wilde, G. J. S., & Stinson, J. F. (1983). The monitoring of vigilance in locomotive engineers. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 15(2), 87–93. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(83)90065-9
  • Williamson, A., & Friswell, R. (2013a). The effect of external non-driving factors, payment type and waiting and queuing on fatigue in long distance trucking. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 58, 26–34. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.04.017
  • Williamson, A., & Friswell, R. (2013b). Fatigue in the workplace: Causes and countermeasures. Fatgue: Biomedicine, Health and Behaviour, 1, 81–98.
  • Williamson, A., Lombardi, D. A., Folkard, S., Stutts, J., Courtney, T. K., & Connor, J. L. (2011). The link between fatigue and safety. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(2), 498–515. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.11.011
  • *Wilschut, E. S., Caljouw, C. J., & Valk, P. J. L. (2009). An evaluation of approaches that can prevent sleepiness at the wheel ( TNO Report). Soesterberg: TNO.
  • *Wright, JrK. P., Bogan, R. K., & Wyatt, J. K. (2013). Shift work and the assessment and management of shift work disorder (SWD). Sleep Medicine Reviews, 17(1), 41–54. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2012.02.002

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.