Mapping minibuses in Maputo and Nairobi: engaging paratransit in transportation planning in African cities

References

• Agbiboa, D. (2019). Introduction. In D. Agbiboa (Ed.), Transport, transgression and politics in African cities (pp. 1–16). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Avner, P., & Lall, S. (2016). Matchmaking in Nairobi: The role of land use. Policy Research working paper, No. 7904. World Bank, Washington, DC. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/25803 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO
   Google Scholar
• Behrens, R., McCormick, D., & Mfinanga, D. (2016). Paratransit in African cities. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bryceson, D. F., Mbara, T. C., & Maunder, D. (2003). Livelihoods, daily mobility and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. DF Transport Reviews, 23(2), 177–196. doi: 10.1080/01441640309891
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, K., Rising, J., Klopp, J. M., & Mwikali, J. (2019). Accessibility across transport modes and residential types in Nairobi. Journal of Transport Geography, 74, 77–90. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.08.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng, T., & Nelson, J. D. (2011). Recent developments in Bus rapid transit: A review of the Literature. Transport Reviews, 31(1), 69–96. doi: 10.1080/01441647.2010.492455
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elwood, S. (2002). GIS and collaborative urban governance: Understanding their implications for community action and power. Urban Geography, 22(8), 737–759. doi: 10.1080/02723638.2001.11501633
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eros, E., Mehndiratta, S., Zegras, C., Webb, K., & Ochoa, M. C. (2014). Applying the general transit feed specification (GTFS) to the global south: Experiences in Mexico city and beyond. Transportation Research Record, 2442 , 44–52. doi: 10.3141/2442-06
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferro, P. S., Behrens, R., & Wilkinson, P. (2013). Hybrid urban transport systems in developing countries: Portents and prospects. Research in Transportation Economics, 39, 121–132. doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2012.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flores Dewey, O. (2016). BRT as a tool for negotiated re-regulation. In Juan Carlos Munoz & Laura Paget-Seekins (Eds.), Restructuring public transport through bus rapid transit (pp. 51–72). London: Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Flyvbjerg, B. (2014). What you should know about megaprojects and why: An overview. Project Management Journal, 45(2), 6–19. doi: 10.1002/pmj.21409
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthier, A., & Weinstock, A. (2010). Africa: Transforming paratransit into BRT. Built Environment, 36(3), 317–327. doi: 10.2148/benv.36.3.317
   Google Scholar
• Goodfellow, T. (2016). ‘Double capture’ and de-democratisation: Interest group politics and Uganda’s transport mafia’. The Journal of Development Studies. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00220388.2016.1214722
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Government of Kenya. (2010). The national integrated transport policy: Moving a working nation. Nairobi: Government Printers.
   Google Scholar
• Gwillam, K. (2008). Bus transport: Is there a regulatory cycle? Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 42(9), 1183–1194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagans, C. (2011). Livelihoods, location & public transport: opportunities for poverty reduction and risks of splintering urbanism in Nairobi's spatial planning. Retrieved from https://www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/dpu/metrocables/dissemination/Hagans-2011.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hart, J. (2016). Ghana on the go: African mobility in the age of motor transportation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, F., & Chrisman, N. (1998). Boundary objects and the social construction of GIS technology. Environment and Planning A, 30, 1683–1694. doi: 10.1068/a301683
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennings, G., & Behrens, R. (2017). The case for investing in paratransit: Strategies and regulation and reform. Volvo Research and Education Foundations. May 2017.
   Google Scholar
• JICA. (2014). Comprehensive urban transport master plan for the Greater Maputo. Final Report, Japan International Cooperation Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Khayesi, M., Monheim, H., & Nebe, J. M. (2010). Negotiating “streets for all” in urban transport planning: The case for pedestrians, cyclists and street vendors in Nairobi, Kenya. Antipode, 42(1), 103–126. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2009.00733.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khayesi, M., Muyia Nafukho, F., & Kemuma, J. (2015). Informal public transport in practice. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Klopp, J. M. (2012). Towards a political economy of transportation policy and practice in Nairobi. Urban Forum, 23(1), 1–21. doi: 10.1007/s12132-011-9116-y
   Google Scholar
• Klopp, J. M. (2018). Visualizing popular transport. Developing Urban Futures LSE Cities: 14–16. Retrieved from https://lsecities.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Developing-Urban-Futures-Urban-Age-conference-newspaper.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Klopp, J. M., & Mitullah, W. (2016). Politics, policy and paratransit: A view from Nairobi. In R. Behrens, D. McCormick, & D. Mfinanga (Eds.), Paratransit in African cities (pp. 79–98). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Klopp, J. M., Williams, S., Waiganjo, P., Orwa, D., & White, A. (2015). Leveraging cellphones for wayfinding and journey planning in semi-formal bus systems: Lessons from Digital Matatus in Nairobi. In Planning Support Systems and Smart Cities (Springer) in conjunction with the conference Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management April 2015 MIT.
   Google Scholar
• Lee-Gosselin, M., & Buliung, R. (2012). The role of ICTs in the transformation of the experience of travel. Transportation, 39, 873–876. doi: 10.1007/s11116-012-9427-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lomme, R. (2008). Should South African minibus taxis be scrapped? Formalizing informal urban transport in a developing country. CODATU XIII Conference Proceedings.
   Google Scholar
• Low, N., Gleeson, B., & Rush, E. (2005). A multivalent conception of path dependence: The case of transport planning in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Environmental Sciences, 2(4), 391–408. doi: 10.1080/15693430500405146
   Google Scholar
• Manji, A. (2015). Bulldozers, homes and highways: Nairobi and the right to the city. Review of African Political Economy, 42(144), 206–224. doi: 10.1080/03056244.2014.988698
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh, B. (2013). Pioneering open data standards: The GTFS Story. In B. Goldstein & L. Dyson (Eds.), Beyond transparency: Open data and the future of civic innovation (pp. 125–135). San Francisco: Code for America Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mendonça, I. N. (2014). Mobilidade urbana na área metropolitana de Maputo: análise dos órgãos de gestão do planeamento e mobilidade urbana, arranjos institucionais e insumos para a sua efectiva articulação. Journal of Transport Literature, 8(2), 244–270. doi: 10.1590/S2238-10312014000200011
   Google Scholar
• Mitric, S. (2013). Urban transport lending by the World Bank: The last decade. Research in Transportation Economics, 40, 19–33. doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2012.06.036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munoz-Raskin, R., & Scorcia, H. (2017). Time for a Tailored Approach to South African BRTs. Connections, 2017-2. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Munoz-Raskin, R., & Scorcia, H. (2018). Why are South African cities different? Comparing Johannesburg Rea Vaya Bus Rapid Transit System with its Latin American siblings. Transportation Research Board 97th Annual Meeting Transportation Research Board, Washington DC.
   Google Scholar
• Mutongi, K. (2006). Thugs or entrepreneurs? Perceptions of Matatu operators in Nairobi 1970 to the present. Africa, 76(4), 549–568.
   Google Scholar
• Mutongi, K. (2017). Matatu: A history of popular transportation in Nairobi. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ndibatya, I., Coetzee, J., & Booysen, M. J. (2016, July 4–7). Mapping the informal public transport network in Kampala with smartphones: Making sense of an organically evolved chaotic system in an emerging city in Sub-Saharan Africa. Paper presented at the 35th Annual Southern African Transport Conference, Pretoria.
   Google Scholar
• Nell, A. (2018). Evaluating transportation in the Gauteng City Region (NYU Unpublished Paper).
   Google Scholar
• Neuman, A., Roder, D., & Joubert, J. W. (2015). Toward a simulation of minibuses in South Africa. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 8(1), 137–154. doi: 10.5198/jtlu.2015.390
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann, A. (2014). A paratransit-inspired evolutionary process for public transit network design (Unpublished PhD thesis). Technical University, Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Neumann, A., & Joubert, J. W. (2016). The “minibus” contribution. In A. Horni, K. Nagel, & K. W. Axhausen (eds.), The multi-agent transport Simulation MATSim (pp. 111–114). London: Ubiquity Press. doi: 10.5334/baw.17.License:CC-BY4.0
   Google Scholar
• Ngoma, S., & Shamambo, P. (2016). The Zed Transit Mapping Project: Open public transit data for better city navigation (unpublished BA thesis). University of Zambia. Department of Computer Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Paget-Seekins, L. (2015). Bus rapid transit as a neoliberal contradiction. Journal of Transport Geography, 48, 115–120. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.08.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plano, C., Behrens, R., & Zuidgeest, M. (2018). Towards a stated choice methodology to determine minibus-taxi driver willingness to provide off-peak feeder service. 37th Paper presented to the Annual Southern African Transport Conference.
   Google Scholar
• Poku-Boansi, M., & Marsden, G. (2018). Bus rapid transit systems as a governance reform project. Journal of Transport Geography, 70, 193–202. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.06.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, G. (2007). Transport planning in sub-Saharan Africa. Progress in Development Studies, 7(3), 251–257. doi: 10.1177/146499340700700305
   Google Scholar
• Rizzo, M. (2014). The political economy of an urban MegaProject: The bus rapid transit project in Tanzania. African Affairs, 114/455, 249–270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizzo, M. (2017). Taken for a ride: Grounding neoliberalism, Precarious labor and public transport in an African Metropolis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Saddier, S., & Johnson, A. (2018). Understanding the operational characteristics of paratransit services in Accra, Ghana: A case study. Paper presented at the Transportation Research Board 95rd Annual Meeting.
   Google Scholar
• Saddier, S., Patterson, Z., Johnson, A., & Chan, M. (2016). Mapping the jitney network with 14 smartphones in Accra, Ghana: The Accramobile experiment. Transportation Research Record: 15 Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2581), 113–122.
   Google Scholar
• Saddier, S., Patterson, Z., Johnson, A., & Wiseman, N. (2017). Fickle or flexible? Assessing paratransit reliability with 2 smartphones in Accra, Ghana. Paper presented at the Transportation Research Board 94rd Annual Meeting.
   Google Scholar
• Sadik-Khan, J., & Solomonow, S. (2016). Street Fight. New York, NY: Viking Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schalekamp, H. (2015). Paratransit operators’ participation in public transport reform in Cape Town: a qualitative investigation of their business aspirations and attitudes to reform (unpublished PhD). University of Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Schalekamp, H. (2017). Lessons from building paratransit operators’ capacity to be partners in Cape Town’s public transport reform process. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 104, 58–66. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2017.05.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schalekamp, H., & Behrens, R. (2013). Engaging the paratransit sector in Cape Town on public transport reform: Progress, process and risks. Research in Transportation Economics, 39, 185–190. doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2012.06.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schalekamp, H., & Klopp, J. M. (2018). Beyond BRT: Innovation in minibus-taxi reform in South African cities. 37th Southern African Transport Conference 9–12 July 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Schweiger, C. (2015). Open data: Challenges and opportunities for transit agencies. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shaheen, S., Martin, E., Cohen, A., Musunuri, A., & Bhattacharyya, A. (2016). Mobile apps and transportation: A review of smartphone apps and a study of user response to multimodal traveler information. Report for California Department of Transport. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6m332192
   Google Scholar
• Tichagwa, C. G. (2016). Unlicensed taxis in Zimbabwe’s urban areas: The case for legalizing the informal urban transportation system. Development Southern Africa, 33(1), 81–98. doi: 10.1080/0376835X.2015.1113125
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsend, A. (2013). Smart cities: Big data, civic hackers, and the quest for a New Utopia. New York, NY: WW Norton & Company.
   Google Scholar
• UN-Habitat. (2010). UN-Habitat Mozambique Cities Profile.
   Google Scholar
• UN-Habitat and ITDP. (2015). Nairobi Ndovu/A104 BRT Service Plan. Retrieved from https://www.itdp.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Nairobi-Ndovu-A104-BRT-Service-Plan.pdf
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. (2015). Goal 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/cities/
   Google Scholar
• Van Wee, B., Geurs, K., & Chorus, C. (2013). Information, communication, travel behavior and accessibility. The Journal of Transport and Land-use, 6(3), 1–16. doi: 10.5198/jtlu.v6i3.282
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venter, C. (2013). The lurch towards formalization: Lessons from the implementation of BRT in Johannesburg, South Africa. Research in Transportation Economics, 39, 114–120. doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2012.06.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venter, C. (2016). Are we giving passengers what they want? User preference and market segmentation in Johannesburg. Proceedings of the 35th Southern African Transport Conference (SARC 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Walker, J. (2014). The evolution of logic in privately planned transit. Human Transit Blog. Retrieved from https://humantransit.org/2014/02/the-evolution-of-logic-in-developing-world-transit.html
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, P. (2010). The regulatory cycle stalled? An assessment of current institutional obstacles to regulatory reform in the provision of road-based public transport in Cape Town. Africa. Research in Transportation Economics, 29, 387–394. doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2010.07.049
   Google Scholar
• Williams, S., Marcello, E., & Klopp, J. M. (2014). Open source Nairobi: Creating a GIS Database for the city of Nairobi to provide Equal access to information. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 104(1), 114–130. doi: 10.1080/00045608.2013.846157
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, S., Waiganjo, P., White, A., Orwa, D., & Klopp, J. M. (2015). The Digital Matatu project: Using cellphones to create open source data for Nairobi’s semi-formal Bus system. Journal for Transport Geography, 49, 39–51. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.10.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, A. (2015a). The politics of policy Circulation: Unpacking the relationship between South African and South American cities in the Adoption of Bus rapid transit. Antipode, 47(4), 1062–1079. doi: 10.1111/anti.12135
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, A. (2015b). Multiple temporalities of policy circulation: gradual, repetitive and delayed processes of BRT adoption in South African cities. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 39(3), 568–580. doi: 10.1111/1468-2427.12216
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, D. (1992). The power of maps. New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Woolf, S. E., & Joubert, J. W. (2013). A people-centred view on paratransit in South Africa. Cities (London, England), 35, 284–293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2016). Kenya Urbanization review. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/23753 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO
   Google Scholar
• Wright, L., & Hook, W. (2007). Bus rapid planning Guide (3rd ed.). New York, NY: ITDP.
   Google Scholar