2,556
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Parking management for promoting sustainable transport in urban neighbourhoods. A review of existing policies and challenges from a German perspective

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 54-75 | Received 25 Feb 2019, Accepted 06 Sep 2019, Published online: 12 Sep 2019

References

  • Antonson, H., Hrelja, R., & Henriksson, P. (2017). People and parking requirements: Residential attitudes and day-to-day consequences of a land use policy shift towards sustainable mobility. Land Use Policy, 62, 213–222. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.12.022
  • Apel, D., Henckel, D., Bunzel, A., Floeting, H., Henkel, M. J., Kühn, G., … Sander, R. (1995). Flächen sparen, Verkehr reduzieren. Möglichkeiten zur Steuerung der Siedlungs- und Verkehrsentwicklung [Saving land, reducing traffic. Possibilities for managing housing and traffic development]. Berlin: Difu.
  • Axhausen, K. W., Chikaraishi, M., & Seya, H. (2015). Parking – Learning from Japan. Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung: Vol. 1095. Zurich: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich.
  • Balac, M., Ciari, F., & Axhausen, K. W. (2017). Modelling the impact of parking price policy on free-floating carsharing: Case study of Zurich, Switzerland. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 77, 207–225. doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2017.01.022
  • Caicedo, F. (2012). Charging parking by the minute: What to expect from this parking pricing policy? Transport Policy, 19, 63–68. doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2011.09.006
  • Cao, J., & Menendez, M. (2018). Quantification of potential cruising time savings through intelligent parking services. Transportation Research Part A, 116, 151–165.
  • Cervero, R., Golub, A., & Nee, B. (2007). City CarShare: Longer-term travel demand and car ownership impacts. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1992, 70–80. doi: 10.3141/1992-09
  • Chatman, D. G., & Manville, M. (2014). Theory versus implementation in congestion-priced parking: An evaluation of SFpark, 2011-2012. Research in Transportation Economics, 44, 52–60. doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2014.04.005
  • Christiansen, P., Engebretsen, Ø, Fearnley, N., & Usterud Hanssen, U. (2017). Parking facilities and the built environment: Impacts on travel behaviour. Transportation Research Part A, 95, 198–206.
  • Christiansen, P., Fearnley, N., Usterud Hanssen, U., & Skollerud, K. (2017). Household parking facilities: Relationship to travel behaviour and car ownership. Transportation Research Procedia, 25, 4185–4195. doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.366
  • City of Frankfurt. (2013). Stadtgebiet und Flächennutzung [Urban area and land use]. Retrieved from https://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/01_Stadtgebiet_und_FlC3A4che.pdf
  • City of Frankfurt. (2016). Stellplatzsatzung der Stadt Frankfurt am Main [Parking regulations of the city of Frankfurt]. Retrieved from https://www.bauaufsicht-frankfurt.de/fileadmin/Downloads__alle/Rechtsgrundlagen_und_Satzungen/2017_02_01_Stellplatzsatzung_und_Stellplatzzahlen.pdf
  • City of Frankfurt. (2018). Statistik aktuell. Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner in Frankfurt am Main am 30. Juni 2018 [Current statistics. Inhabitants in Frankfurt am Main on 30 June 2018]. Retrieved from https://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/13_BevC3B6lkerung_Halbjahr2018.pdf
  • City of Frankfurt. (2019). Bewohnerparkausweis [Residential parking permit]. Retrieved from https://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=2943&_ffmpar[_id_inhalt]=58124
  • City of Frankfurt & TraffiQ. (2006). 1. Fortschreibung des Nahverkehrsplanes der Stadt Frankfurt am Main: Überarbeitete Fassung, November 2006 [First update of the local transport plan of the city of Frankfurt: Revised version, November 2006]. Stadt Frankfurt am Main.
  • Dale, S., Frost, M., Ison, S., Nettleship, K., & Warren, P. (2017). An evaluation of the economic and business investment impact of an integrated package of public transport improvements funded by a workplace parking Levy. Transportation Research Part A, 101, 149–162.
  • Dümmler, O., & Hahn, O. (2011). Bewohnerparken – Aktueller Stand und Hinweise zur Anwendung. In T. Bracher, K. Dziekan, J. Gies, F. Huber, F. Kiepe, U. Reutter, & O. Schwedes (Eds.), Handbuch der kommunalen Verkehrsplanung: Vol. 61 (pp. 1–23). Berlin: Wichmann Verlag. [Residential parking – current status and references for implementation].
  • Engel-Yan, J., & Passmore, D. (2013). Carsharing and car ownership at the building scale. Examining the potential for flexible parking requirements. Journal of the American Planning Association, 79(1), 82–91. doi: 10.1080/01944363.2013.790588
  • Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection (BMJV). (2017). Gesetz zur Bevorrechtigung des Carsharing (Carsharinggesetz - CsgG) [Act for prioritisation of carsharing (Carsharing act)]. Retrieved from https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/csgg/BJNR223000017.html.
  • Federal Motor Transport Authority (KBA). (2018). Bundeseinheitlicher Tatbestandskatalog – Straßenverkehrsordnungswidrigkeiten [Federal facts catalogue – adverseness of road traffic act]. Retrieved from https://www.kba.de/DE/ZentraleRegister/FAER/BT_KAT_OWI/btkat_node.html
  • Guo, Z. (2013a). Does residential parking supply affect household car ownership? The case of New York city. Journal of Transport Geography, 26, 18–28. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.08.006
  • Guo, Z. (2013b). Home parking convenience, household car usage, and implications to residential parking policies. Transport Policy, 29, 97–106. doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2013.04.005
  • Guo, Z., & Ren, S. (2013). From minimum to maximum: Impact of the London parking reform on residential parking supply from 2004 to 2010? Urban Studies, 50(6), 1183–1200. doi: 10.1177/0042098012460735
  • Heinrichs, E., & Schreiber, M. (2016). Kommunale Stellplatzsatzungen. In T. Bracher, K. Dziekan, J. Gies, F. Huber, F. Kiepe, U. Reutter, & O. Schwedes (Eds.), Handbuch der kommunalen Verkehrsplanung: Vol. 76 (pp. 1–24). Berlin: Wichmann-Verlag. [Municipal parking regulations].
  • Inci, E. (2015). A review of the economics of parking. Economics of Transportation, 4, 50–63. doi: 10.1016/j.ecotra.2014.11.001
  • Infas & Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR). (2018). Mobilität in Deutschland. Kurzreport – Verkehrsaufkommen - Struktur – Trends [Mobility in Germany. Short report – Traffic volume, structure, trends]. Bonn: Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur.
  • Jalali, S., & Wohlin, C. (2012, September). Systematic literature studies: Database searches vs. Backward snowballing. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, ESEM’12,: Lund, Sweden.
  • Khreis, H., Warsow, K. M., Verlinghieri, E., Guzman, A., Pellecuer, L., Ferreira, A., … Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2016). The health impacts of traffic-related exposures in urban areas: Understanding real effects, underlying driving forces and co-producing future directions. Journal of Transport & Health, 3, 249–267. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2016.07.002
  • Kirschner, F. (2019). Methodik zur Haushaltsbefragung “Quartiersentwicklung und Mobilität in Frankfurt-Bornheim”. [Methods report for household survey “Neighbourhood development and mobility in Frankfurt-Bornheim”.] Arbeitspapiere zur Mobilitätsforschung, 20. Frankfurt: Goethe University Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved from http://publikationen.ub.unifrankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/46487
  • Klinger, T., Deffner, J., Kemen, J., Stein, M., & Lanzendorf, M. (2016). Sharing-Konzepte für ein multioptionales Mobilitätssystem in Frankfurt Rhine-Main. Analyse neuerer Entwicklungen und Ableitung von Handlungsoptionen für kommunale und regionale Akteure [Sharing concepts for a mulitoptional mobility system in FrankfurtRhein Main. Analysis of novel developments and conclusions for courses of action for municipal and regional actors]. Arbeitspapiere zur Mobilitätsforschung: Vol. 9. Frankfurt am Main: Goethe Universität Frankfurt.
  • Knoflacher, H. (2006). A new way to organize parking: The key to a successful sustainable transport system for the future. Environment & Urbanization, 18(2), 387–400. doi: 10.1177/0956247806069621
  • Land Hessen. (2018). Hessische Bauordnung (HBO) [Hessian building code]. Retrieved from http://www.rv.hessenrecht.hessen.de/lexsoft/default/hessenrecht_rv.html?doc_hl=1&doc_id=jlr-BauOHE2010rahmen&documentnumber=1&numberofresults=106&showdoccase=1&doc_part=R&paramfromHL=true#docid:8081002,1,20180707.
  • Leclerc, F. (2017, October 17). Per App zum Parkplatz [Via app to the car park]. Frankfurter Rundschau. Retrieved from http://www.fr.de
  • Leclerc, F. (2018, August 24). Bewohnerparken ohne Zuwachs [No growth in residential parking]. Frankfurter Rundschau. Retrieved from http://www.fr.de
  • Lehmbrock, M. (2000). Straßennutzung und Stellplatzpflicht: Zur Entwicklung öffentlicher Räume mit vielfältigen Nutzungschancen. Berlin: Difu.
  • Litman, T. (2016). Parking management: Strategies, evaluation and planning. Victoria, BC: Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
  • Magistrat City of Frankfurt. (2013). Vorlage M 203 [Template M 203]. Retrieved from https://www.stvv.frankfurt.de/download/M_203_2013.pdf
  • Marsden, G. (2006). The evidence base for parking policies – a review. Transport Policy, 13, 447–457. doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2006.05.009
  • Marsden, G. (2014). Parking policy. In S. Ison, & C. Mulley (Eds.), Parking: Issues and policies (pp. 11–32). Emerald: Bingley.
  • Maternini, G., Ferrari, F., & Guga, A. (2017). Application of variable parking pricing techniques to innovate parking strategies. The case study of Brescia. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 5, 425–437. doi: 10.1016/j.cstp.2017.03.010
  • Melia, S. (2015). Urban transport without the hot air: Vol. 1: Sustainable solutions for UK cities. Cambridge: UIT.
  • Millard-Ball, A., Murray, G., Ter Schure, J., Fox, C., & Burkhardt, J. (2005). Car-Sharing: Where and how it succeeds (Report No. 108). Washington, DC: Transit Cooperative Research Program of the Transportation Research Board.
  • Mingardo, G., Van Wee, B., & Rye, T. (2015). Urban parking policy in Europe: A conceptualization of past and possible future trends. Transportation Research Part A, 74, 268–281.
  • Mintsis, G., Taxiltaris, C., Basbas, S., & Stathis, Y. (2016). Evaluation of the parking permits scheme for residents in Thessaloniki, Greece. In Y.-M. Liu, D. Fu, Z.-X. Tong, Z.-Q. Bao, & B. Tang (Eds.), Civil engineering and urban planning IV (pp. 37–43). London: CRC Press.
  • Notz, J. N. (2017). Die Privatisierung des öffentlichen Raums durch parkende Kfz. Von der Tragödie einer Allmende – über Ursache, Wirkung und Legitimation einer gemeinwohlschädigenden Regulierungspraxis [The privatisation of public space through parked cars. About the tragedy of commons – cause, effect and legitimacy of a regulations practice that harms a public good] (IVP-Discussion Paper, 2017(1)). Berlin: Technische Universität Berlin.
  • Ottosson, D. B., Chen, C., Wang, T., & Lin, H. (2013). The sensitivity of on-street parking demand in response to price changes: A case study in Seattle, WA. Transport Policy, 25, 222–232. doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2012.11.013
  • Parkhurst, G., & Meek, S. (2014). The effectiveness of park-and-ride as a policy measure for more sustainable mobility. In S. Ison, & C. Mulley (Eds.), Parking: Issues and policies (pp. 185–211). Emerald: Bingley.
  • Pech, A., Jens, K., Warmuth, G., & Zeininger, J. (2006). Parkhäuser - Garagen: Grundlagen, Planung, Betrieb. Vienna: Springer.
  • Pierce, G., & Shoup, D. (2013). Getting the prices right. An evaluation of pricing parking by demand in San Francisco. Journal of the American Planning Association, 79(1), 67–81. doi: 10.1080/01944363.2013.787307
  • Rye, T., Cowan, T., & Ison, S. (2006). Expansion of a controlled parking zone (CPZ) and its influence on modal split: The case of Edinburgh. Transportation Planning and Technology, 29(1), 75–89. doi: 10.1080/03081060600585368
  • Rye, T., & Koglin, T. (2014). Parking management. In S. Ison, & C. Mulley (Eds.), Parking: Issues and policies (pp. 157–184). Emerald: Bingley.
  • Schreier, H., Becker, U., & Heller, J. (2015). Evaluation carsharing: Landeshauptstadt München. Berlin: Team Red.
  • Shaheen, S. A., & Cohen, A. P. (2007). Growth in worldwide carsharing: An international comparison. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1992, 81–89. doi: 10.3141/1992-10
  • Shao, C., Yang, H., Zhang, Y., & Ke, J. (2016). A simple reservation and allocation mode of shared parking lots. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 71, 303–312. doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2016.08.010
  • Shoup, D. C. (2005). The high cost of free parking. Chicago: Planers Press - American Planning Association.
  • Strauß, C., Urbanek, M., & Wörther, G. (2006, September). M-parking – mobile parking payment systems in Europe. In H.-D. Haasis, H. Kopfer, & J. Schönberger (Eds.), Operations research Proceedings 2005: Selected papers of the annual international conference of the German operations research society (pp. 551–556). Berlin: Springer.
  • System repräsentativer Verkehrsbefragungen (SrV). (2013). Mobilitätssteckbrief für Frankfurt am Main - Mittlerer Werktag – (Wohnbevölkerung) [Mobility profile of Frankfurt am Main – Average working day – (resident population)]. Dresden: Technische Universität Dresden.
  • Urry, J. (2004). The ‘system’ of automobility. Theory, Culture & Society, 21(4/5), 25–39. doi: 10.1177/0263276404046059
  • Van de Coevering, P., & Snellen, D. (2008). The future of residential parking in The Netherlands: The impact of increasing car ownership on the character of residential areas. European transport Conference 2008, proceedings, association for European Transport and contributors.
  • Van der Waerden, P., Timmermanns, H., & Da Silva, A. N. R. (2015). The influence of personal and trip characteristics on habitual parking behaviour. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 3, 33–36. doi: 10.1016/j.cstp.2014.04.001
  • Van Ommeren, J., Wentink, D., & Dekkers, J. (2011). The real price of parking policy. Journal of Urban Economics, 70, 25–31. doi: 10.1016/j.jue.2011.02.001
  • Verwaltungsgericht (VG, administrative court) Frankfurt am Main. (2004). Urt. v. 18.02.2004, Az.:12 E 2659/03 [Decision of 18 February 2004, case no.: 12 E 2659/03].
  • Verwaltungsgericht (VG, administrative court) Wiesbaden. (2018). Fahrverbot für Frankfurt am Main [Driving bans for Frankfurt am Main]. Retrieved from https://verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit.hessen.de/pressemitteilungen/fahrverbot-fC3BCr-frankfurt-am-main
  • Weinberger, R. (2012). Death by a thousand curb-cuts: Evidence on the effect of minimum parking requirements on the choice to drive. Transport Policy, 20, 93–102. doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2011.08.002
  • Weinberger, R., Seaman, M., & Johnson, C. (2009). Residential off-street parking impacts on car ownership, vehicle miles traveled, and related carbon emissions: New York city case study. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2118, 24–30. doi: 10.3141/2118-04

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.