References

• Archibald , R. and Gillingham , R. 1981 . Decomposition of the price and income elasticities of the consumer demand for gasoline . Southern Economic Journal , 47 (4) : 1021 – 1031 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunker , R. 1983 . Urban Consolidation: the experience of Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide , Canberra : Australian Institute of Urban Studies, Publication No. 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Chandler , W. U. 1985 . “ Energy Productivity: Key to Environmental Protection and Economic Progress ” . In Worldwatch Paper 63 , Washington, DC : Worldwatch Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , C. 1982 . Regional and Urban Location , St Lucia, , Australia : University of Queensland Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dahl , C. A. 1982 . Does gasoline demand elasticities vary? . Land Economics , 58 (3) : 373 – 382 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenworthy , J. R. 1986 . “ Transport Energy Conservation through Urban Planning and Lifestyle Changes: some fundamental choices for Perth ” . In Towards a State Conservation Strategy , Bulletin 251 Edited by: McDavitt , C. 69 – 99 . Western Australia : Department of Conservation and Environment . Invited Review Papers,
   Google Scholar
• Kenworthy , J. R. and Newman , P. W. G. A Driving Cycle for Perth: Methodology and Preliminary Results . Presented to Joint SAEA/ARRB Second Conference on Traffic, Energy and Emissions . May 19–21 , Melbourne. Paper 82149.
   Google Scholar
• La Belle , S. J. and Moses , D. O. 1982 . Technology Assessment of Productive Conservation in Urban Transportation , Energy and Environmental Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory . (ANL/ES‐130),
   Google Scholar
• McNulty , R. H. , Penne , R. L. and Jacobson , D. R. 1986 . The Return of the Livable City , Washington, DC : Acropolis Books . Partners for Livable Places
   Google Scholar
• Newman , P. W. G. 1988 . Australian Cities at the Crossroads . Current Affairs Bulletin , December : 4 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Newman , P. W. G. and Hogan , T. L. F. 1981 . A Review of Urban Density Models . Human Ecology , 9 (3) : 269 – 302 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman , P. W. G. and Hogan , T. L. F. 1987 . Urban Density and Transport: A simple model based on 3 city types . Transport Research Paper , 1/87 : 36 Environmental Science Murdoch University.
   Google Scholar
• Newman , P. W. G. and Kenworthy , J. R. 1984 . The Use and Abuse of Driving Cycle Research: Clarifying the Relationship between Traffic Congestion, Energy and Emissions . Transportation Quarterly , 38 (4) : 615 – 635 .
   Google Scholar
• Newman , P. W. G. and Kenworthy , J. R. 1988a . Gasoline Consumption and Cities: A comparison of US Cities with a Global Survey . Journal of the American Planning Association , 55 (1) : 24 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman , P. W. G. and Kenworthy , J. R. 1988 b . The Transport Energy Trade‐Off: Fuel‐Efficient Traffic versus Fuel‐Efficient cities . Transportation Research , A, 22 (3) : 163 – 174 .
   Google Scholar
• Newman , P. W. G. and Kenworthy , J. R. 1988c . Does Free Flowing Traffic Save Energy and Reduce Emissions in Cities? . Search , 19 (5/6) : 267 – 272 .
   Google Scholar
• Newman , P. W. G. and Kenworthy , J. R. 1989 . Cities and Automobile Dependence: An International Sourcebook , Aldershot, , UK : Gower .
   Google Scholar
• Pindyck , R. S. 1979 . The Structure of World Energy Demand , Massachussetts, Cambridge : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pushkarev , B. S. and Zupan , J. M. 1977 . Public Transportation and Land Use Policy , Bloomington and London : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Real Estate Research Corporation . 1974 . The Costs of Sprawl, Detailed Cost Analysis , Washington, DC : US Goverment Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Schaeffer , K. H. and Sclar , E. 1975 . Access for All , Harmondsworth : Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• Thomson , J. M. 1977 . Great Cities and their Traffic , England : Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• van den Berg , L. , Drewett , R. , Klaassen , L. H. , Rossi , A. and Vijverberg , C. H. T. 1982 . Urban Europe: a Study of Growth and Decline , Oxford : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• van den Berg , L. , Burns , L. S. and Klaassen , L. H. 1987 . Spatial Cycles , England : Gower . Aldershot:
   Google Scholar
• Vuchic , V. R. 1981 . Urban Public Transportation Systems and Technology , New Jersey, Englewood Cliffs : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Wheaton , W. C. 1982 . The long‐run structure of transportation and gasoline demand . Bell Journal of Economics , 13 (2) : 439 – 454 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilmoth , D. Urban Consolidation Policy and Social Equity . Conference on Urban Consolidation and Equity . Centre for Environmental Studies, Macquarie University .
   Google Scholar