An alternative form of the Defense Mechanisms Inventory: assessing Chinese university students

References

• Banks, H. C., & Juni, S. (1991). Defense mechanisms in minority African-American and Hispanic youths: Standardization and scale reliabilities. Journal of Personality Assessment, 56, 327–334.10.1207/s15327752jpa5602_11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogo, N., Winget, C., & Gleser, G. C. (1970). ego defenses and perceptual styles. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 30, 599–605.10.2466/pms.1970.30.2.599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos, R. C., Besser, A., & Blatt, S. J. (2011). The relationships between defenses and experiences of depression. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 28, 196–208.10.1037/a0022420
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caplan, G. (1964). Principles of preventive psychiatry. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Catron, J. L. (1977). The effect of ipsativity reduction of the Defense Mechanisms Inventory (Unpublished master’s thesis). Iowa State University.
   Google Scholar
• Cramer, P. (1991). The development of defense mechanisms: Theory, research, and assessment. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.10.1007/978-1-4613-9025-1
   Google Scholar
• Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297–334.10.1007/BF02310555
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. A. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24, 349–354.10.1037/h0047358
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davidson, K., & MacGregor, M. W. (1998). A critical appraisal of self-report defense mechanism measures. Journal of Personality, 66, 965–992.10.1111/1467-6494.00039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeVellis, R. (1991). Scale development: Theory and applications. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Dudley, G. E. (1978). Effects of sex, social desirability, and birth order on the Defense Mechanisms Inventory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 1419–1422.10.1037/0022-006X.46.6.1419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, A. L. (1957). The social desirability variable in personality assessment and research. New York, NY: Dryden Press.
   Google Scholar
• Eriksen, H. R., Olff, M., & Ursin, H. (1997). The CODE: A revised battery for coping and defense and its relations to subjective health. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 38, 175–182.10.1111/sjop.1997.38.issue-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, R. G. (1979). The relationship of the Marlowe–Crowne Scale and its components to defensive preference. Journal of Personality Assessment, 43, 406–410.10.1207/s15327752jpa4304_13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, R. G. (1982). Defense mechanisms in females as a function of sex-role orientation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 816–817.10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4679
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freud, A. (1937, 1946). The ego and the mechanisms of defense. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Geiser, F., Imbierowicz, K., Conrad, R., Wegener, I., & Liedtke, R. (2005). Turning against self and its relation to symptom distress, interpersonal problems, and therapy outcome: A replicated and enhanced study. Psychotherapy Research, 15, 357–365.10.1080/10503300500226241
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gleser, G. C., & Ihilevich, D. (1969). An objective instrument for measuring defense mechanisms. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 51–60.10.1037/h0027381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ihilevich, D., & Gleser, G. C. (1971). Relationship of defense mechanisms to field dependence/independence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 77, 296–302.10.1037/h0031014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ihilevich, D., & Gleser, G. C. (1986). Defense mechanisms: Their classification, correlates, and measurement with the Defense Mechanisms Inventory. Owosso, MI: DMI Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Ihilevich, D., & Gleser, G. C. (1993). Defense mechanisms: Their classification, correlates, and measurement with the Defense Mechanisms Inventory. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Juni, S. (1982). The composite measure of the Defense Mechanisms Inventory. Journal of Research in Personality, 16, 193–200.10.1016/0092-6566(82)90075-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juni, S. (1994). Measurement of defenses in special populations: Revision of the Defense Mechanisms Inventory. Journal of Research in Personality, 28, 230–244.10.1006/jrpe.1994.1017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juni, S., & Grimm, D. W. (1994). Sex roles as factors in defense mechanisms and object relations. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 155, 99–106.10.1080/00221325.1994.9914762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juni, S., Gross, J., & Sokolowska, J. (2006). Academic cheating as a function of defense mechanisms and object relations. Psychological Reports, 98, 627–639.10.2466/pr0.98.3.627-639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juni, S., & Masling, J. (1980). Reaction to aggression and the Defense Mechanism Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 44, 484–486.10.1207/s15327752jpa4405_7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Mehlman, E., & Slane, S. (1994). Validity of self-report measures of defense mechanisms. Assessment, 1, 189–197.10.1177/1073191194001002009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Menninger, K. (1963). The vital balance. New York, NY: Viking Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mogami, T. (2010). Psychosexual fixation and defense mechanisms in a sample of young Japanese women: A preliminary study. Psychological Reports, 107, 79–86.10.2466/02.09.PR0.107.4.79-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morelli, G., & Andrews, L. (1982). Cognitive irrationality and defensiveness. Psychological Reports, 51, 387–393.10.2466/pr0.1982.51.2.387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Olson, T. (2010). Can defense mechanisms aid in the differentiation of depression and anxiety (Unpublished PhD thesis). University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Paulhus, D. L. (1984). Two-component models of socially desirable responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 598–609.10.1037/0022-3514.46.3.598
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulhus, D. L. (1986). Self-deception and impression management in test responses. In A. Angleithner & J. S. Wiggins (Eds.), Personality assessment via questionnaire (pp. 143–165). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.10.1007/978-3-642-70751-3
   Google Scholar
• Paulhus, D. L. (1998). Paulhus Deception Scales. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
   Google Scholar
• Peglar, M., & Borgen, F. H. (1984). The defense mechanisms of coronary patients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 669–679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richert, A. J., & Kettering, R. (1978). Psychological defense as a moderator variable. Psychological Reports, 42, 291–294.10.2466/pr0.1978.42.1.291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shere, S. H. (1972). The relationship between self-disclosure and psychological defense (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). George Washing University.
   Google Scholar
• Vickers, R. R., & Hervig, L. K. (1981). Comparison of three psychological defense mechanisms questionnaires. Journal of Personality Assessment, 45, 630–638.10.1207/s15327752jpa4506_11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, J. F. (1982). Recovery from surgery and scores on the defense mechanisms inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 46, 312–319.10.1207/s15327752jpa4603_13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodrow, J. Z. (1973). A factor analysis and revision of the Defense Mechanisms Inventory (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Ohio University (University Microfilm No. 7325759).
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, L. F. (2013). The malleability of intellectual styles. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511973055
   Google Scholar
• Zoccali, R., Bruno, A., Muscatello, M. B., Micò, U., Corica, F., & Meduri, M. (2008). Defense mechanisms in a sample of non-psychiatric obese subjects. Eating Behaviors, 9, 120–123.10.1016/j.eatbeh.2007.06.005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar