Publication Cover
Educational Psychology
An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology
Volume 36, 2016 - Issue 5
706
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

How do children who understand mixed emotion represent them in freehand drawings of themselves and others?

&
Pages 935-955 | Received 10 Jun 2014, Accepted 21 Apr 2015, Published online: 04 Jun 2015

References

  • Bekhit, N. S., Thomas, G. V., & Jolley, R. P. (2005). The use of drawing for psychological assessment in Britain: Survey findings. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 78, 205–217. doi:10.1348/147608305X26044
  • Bombi, A. S., & Pinto, G. (1994). Making a dyad: Cohesion and distancing in children’s pictorial representation of friendship. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 12, 563–575. doi:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1994.tb00656
  • Boyatzis, C. J., & Varghese, R. (1994). Children’s emotional associations with colors. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 155, 77–86.
  • Burkitt, E. (2008). Children’s choice of color to depict metaphorical and affective information. In C. Millbraith & H. M. Trautner (Eds.), Children’s understanding and production of pictures, drawings and art: Theoretical and empirical approaches (pp. 107–120). London: Hogrefe & Huber.
  • Burkitt, E., & Barnett, N. (2006). The effects of brief and elaborate mood induction procedures on the size of young children’s drawings. Educational Psychology, 26, 93–108. doi:10.1080/01443410500341049
  • Burkitt, E., & Barrett, M. (2010). Child and adult reports of graphic strategies used to portray figures with contrasting emotional characteristics. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 44, 169–190. doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.2010.tb01332
  • Burkitt, E., & Barrett, M. (2011). The effects of different drawing materials on children’s drawings of positive and negative human figures. Educational Psychology, 31, 459–479. doi:10.1080/01443410.2011.568472
  • Burkitt, E., Barrett, M., & Davis, A. (2003). Children’s colour choices for completing drawings of affectively characterised topics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 445–455. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00134
  • Burkitt, E., Barrett, M., & Davis, A. (2004). The effect of affective characterizations on the use of size and colour in drawings produced by children in the absence of a model. Educational Psychology, 24, 315–343. doi:10.1080/0144341042000211670
  • Burkitt, E., Barrett, M., & Davis, A. (2005). Drawings of emotionally characterised figures by children from different educational backgrounds. International Journal of Art and Design Education, 24, 71–83. doi:10.1111/j.1476-8070.2005.00424
  • Burkitt, E., & Newell, T. (2005). Effects of human figure type on children’s use of colour to depict sadness and happiness. International Journal of Art Therapy, 10, 15–22. doi:10.1080/17454830500136143
  • Burkitt, E., & Sheppard, L. (2014). Children’s colour use to portray themselves and others with happy, sad and mixed emotion. Educational Psychology, 34, 231–251. doi:10.1080/01443410.2013.785059
  • Burkitt, E., Tala, K., & Low, J. (2007). Finnish and English children’s color use to depict affectively characterized figures. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31, 59–64. doi:10.1177/0165025407073573
  • Burkitt, E., & Watling, D. (2013). The impact of audience age and familiarity on children’s drawings of themselves in contrasting affective states. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 37, 222–234. doi:10.1177/0165025413478257
  • Burkitt, E., Watling, D., & Murray, L. (2011). Children’s drawings of significant figures for a peer or an adult audience. Infant and Child Development, 20, 466–473. doi:10.1002/icd.735
  • Carpendale, J. I. M., & Lewis, C. (2004). Constructing an understanding of mind: The development of children’s social understanding within social interaction. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 27, 79–151. doi:10.1017/S014052X04000032
  • Cox, M. V. (1992). Children’s drawings. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
  • Crawford, E., Gross, J., Patterson, T., & Hayne, H. (2012). Does children’s colour use reflect the emotional content of their drawings? Infant and Child Development, 21, 198–215. doi:10.1002/icd.742
  • Donaldson, S. K., & Westerman, M. A. (1986). Development of children’s understanding of ambivalence and causal theories of emotions. Developmental Psychology, 22, 655–662. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.22.5.655
  • Elliot, A. J., & Maier, M. A. (2012). Color-in-context theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 61–125. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115035
  • Fetterman, A. K., Robinson, M. D., Gordon, R. D., & Elliot, A. J. (2011). Anger as seeing red: Perceptual sources of evidence. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2, 311–316. doi:10.1177/1948550610390051
  • Gelineau, E. P. (1981). A psychometric approach to the measurement of color preference. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 53, 163–174. doi:10.2466/pms.1981.53
  • Gnepp, J., & Hess, D. L. R. (1986). Children’s understanding of verbal and facial display rules. Developmental Psychology, 22, 103–108.10.1037/0012-1649.22.1.103
  • Golomb, C. (1981). Representation and reality: The origins and determinants of young children’s drawings. Review of Research in Visual Art Education, 14, 36–48.
  • Golomb, C. (1992). The child’s creation of a pictorial world. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Hammer, E. F. (1997). Advances in projective drawing interpretation. Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.
  • Hammond, S. M. (1988). CORRES 1.0: A programme for the correspondence analysis of contingency tables on IBM compatible micros. Guildford: University of Surrey.
  • Hammond, S. M. (1993). The descriptive analyses of shared representations. In G. Breakwell & D. Canter (Eds.), Empirical approaches to social representation (pp. 205–220). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Harris, P. L. (1983). Children’s understanding of the link between situation and emotion. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 36, 490–509.10.1016/0022-0965(83)90048-6
  • Harris, P. L. (1994). The child’s understanding of emotion: Developmental change and the family environment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 3–28.10.1111/jcpp.1994.35.issue-1
  • Harris, P. L. (2000). Understanding emotion. In M. Lewis & J. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 281–292). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Harter, S. (1982). A cognitive-developmental approach to children’s understanding of affect and trait labels. In J. Serafica (Ed.), Social-cognitive development in context (pp. 27–61). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Harter, S., & Buddin, B. J. (1987). Children’s understanding of the simultaneity of two emotions: A five-stage developmental acquisition sequence. Developmental Psychology, 23, 388–399. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.23
  • Heyman, G. D., Fu, G., & Lee, K. (2007). Evaluating claims people make about themselves: The development of skepticism. Child Development, 78, 367–375.10.1111/cdev.2007.78.issue-2
  • Hunsley, J., Lee, C. M., & Wood, J. (2003). Controversial and questionable assessment techniques. In S. O. Lilienfeld, S. J. Lynn, & J. Lohr (Eds.), Science and pseudoscience in clinical psychology (pp. 39–76). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Ives, S. S. (1984). The development of expressivity in drawing. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 54, 152–159.10.1111/bjep.1984.54.issue-2
  • Jolley, R. (2010). Children and pictures: Drawing and understanding. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.
  • Jolley, R. P., Fenn, K., & Jones, L. (2004). The development of children’s expressive drawing. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 22, 545–567. doi:10.1348/0261510042378236
  • Jolley, R. P., & Rose, S. E. (2008). The relationship between production and comprehension of representational drawing. In C. Milbrath & H. M. Trautner (Eds.), Children’s understanding and production of pictures, drawing, and art: Theoretical and empirical approaches (pp. 207–235). London: Hogrefe & Huber.
  • Jolley, R. P., & Vulic-Prtoric, A. (2001). Croatian children’s experience of war is not reflected in the size and placement of emotive topics in their drawings. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 107–110. doi:10.1348/014466501163526
  • Kestenbaum, R., & Gelman, S. A. (1995). Preschool children’s identification and understanding of mixed emotions. Cognitive Development, 10, 443–458. doi:10.1016/0885-2014(95)90006-3
  • Koppitz, E. M. (1966). Emotional indicators on human figure drawings of shy and aggressive children. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 22, 466–469.10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4679
  • Larsen, J. T., To, Y., & Fireman, G. (2007). Children’s understanding and experience of mixed emotions. Psychological Science, 18, 186–191. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01870.x
  • Lubin, B., Larsen, R. M., Matarazzo, J., & Seever, M. (1986). Selected characteristics of psychologists and psychological assessment in five settings: 1959–1982. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 17, 155–157. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.17.2.155
  • Lucariello, J. M., Durand, T. M., & Yarnell, L. (2007). Social versus intrapersonal ToM: Social ToM is a cognitive strength for low- and middle-SES children. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28, 285–297. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2007.04.001
  • Machover, K. (1949). Personality projection in the drawing of the human figure: A method of personality investigation. Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.10.1037/11147-000
  • Malchiodi, C. A. (1998). Understanding children’s drawings. London: Jessica Kingsley.
  • Matthews, B. (2004). Promoting emotional literacy, equity and interest in science lessons for 11–14 year olds; The ‘Improving Science and Emotional Development’ project. International Journal of Science Education, 26, 281–308. doi:10.1080/0950069032000097406
  • Matthews, B. (2006). Engaging education. Developing emotional literacy, equity and co-education. Buckingham: McGraw-Hill.
  • McNiff, S. (1992). Art as medicine: Creating a therapy of the imagination. London: Piatkus.
  • Nelson, T. M., Allan, D. K., & Nelson, J. (1971). Cultural differences in the use of colour in Northwest Canada. International Journal of Psychology, 6, 283–292.10.1080/00207597108246694
  • Parsons, M. J. (1987). How we understand art: A cognitive developmental account of aesthetic experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Picard, D., Brechet, C., & Baldy, R. (2007). Expressive strategies in drawing are related to age and topic. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 31, 243–257.10.1007/s10919-007-0035-5
  • Picard, D., & Lebaz, S. (2010). Symbolic use of size and color in freehand drawing of the tree: Myth or reality? Journal of Personality Assessment, 92, 186–188. doi:10.1080/00223890903510464
  • Pranckeviciene, A., Zardecktaite-Matulaitiene, K., & Soikinaite, I. (2009). Children’s color preferences and color choices for completing drawings of human feelings in primary school. Psichologija, 39, 31–44.
  • Raver, C. C. (2002). Emotions matter: Making the case for the role of young children’s emotional development for early school readiness. Social Policy Report, 16, 3–19.
  • Saarni, C. (1999). The development of emotional competence. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Thomas, G. V., Chaigne, E., & Fox, T. J. (1989). Children’s drawings of topics differing in significance: Effects on size of drawing. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 7, 321–331. doi:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1989.tb00808.x
  • Thomas, G. V., & Jolley, R. P. (1998). Drawing conclusions: A re-examination of empirical and conceptual bases for psychological evaluation of children from their drawings. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 37, 127–139. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1998.tb01289.x
  • Tyler, J. M., & Feldman, R. S. (2005). Deflecting threat to one’s image: Dissembling personal information as a self-presentation strategy. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 27, 371–378. doi:10.1207/s15324834basp2704_10
  • Whitesell, N. R., & Harter, S. (1989). Children’s reports of conflict between simultaneous opposite-valence emotions. Child Development, 60, 673–682. doi:10.2307/1130732
  • Wilson, B. J., & Cantor, J. (1985). Developmental differences in empathy with a television protagonist’s fear. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 39, 284–299. doi:10.1016/0022-0965(85)90042-6
  • Winston, A. S., Kenyon, B., Stewardson, J., & Lepine, T. (1995). Children’s sensitivity to expression of emotion in drawings. Visual Arts Research, 21, 1–14.
  • Wintre, M. G., & Vallance, D. G. (1994). A developmental sequence in the comprehension of emotions: Intensity, multiple emotions, and valence. Developmental Psychology, 30, 509–514.10.1037/0012-1649.30.4.509
  • Zajdel, R. T., Bloom, J., Fireman, G., & Larsen, J. T. (2013). Children’s understanding and experience of mixed emotions: The roles of age, gender, and empathy. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 174, 582–603. doi:10.1080/00221325.2012.732125

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.