Attachment, emotion regulation, and burnout among university students: a mediational hypothesis

References

• Ahmed, W., van der Werf, G., Kuyper, H., & Minnaert, A. (2013). Emotions, self-regulated learning, and achievement in mathematics: A growth curve analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(1), 150–161. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030160
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balzarotti, S., Biassoni, F., Villani, D., Prunas, A., & Velotti, P. (2016). Individual differences in cognitive emotion regulation: Implications for subjective and psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(1), 125–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9587-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamonti, P. M., Conti, E., Cavanagh, C., Gerolimatos, L., Gregg, J., Goulet, C., Pifer, M., & Edelstein, B. (2019). Coping, cognitive emotion regulation, and burnout in long-term care nursing staff: A preliminary study. Journal of Applied Gerontology: The Official Journal of the Southern Gerontological Society, 38(1), 92–111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464817716970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamonti, P. M., Smith, A., & Smith, H. M. (2022). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies predict burnout in geriatric nursing staff. Clinical Gerontologist, 45(5), 1236–1244. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2020.1829230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bumbacco, C., & Scharfe, E. (2023). Why Attachment matters: First-year post-secondary students’ experience of burnout, disengagement, and drop-out. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 24(4), 988–1001. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025120961012
   Google Scholar
• Caldwell, J. G., & Shaver, P. R. (2012). Exploring the cognitive‐emotional pathways between adult attachment and ego‐resiliency. Individual Differences Research, 10, 141–152.
   Google Scholar
• Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (2008). Handbook of attachment (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Castillo-Gualda, R., Herrero, M., Rodríguez-Carvajal, R., Brackett, M. A., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2019). The role of emotional regulation ability, personality, and burnout among Spanish teachers. International Journal of Stress Management, 26(2), 146–158. https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000098
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalikkandy, S., Alhifzi, R., S. A., Asiri, M. A. Y., Alshahrani, R. S. A., Saeed, & Alamri, S. G. (2022). Burnout and its relation to emotion dysregulation and social cognition among female interns and undergraduate dental students at King Khalid University. Applied Sciences, 12(3), 1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031588
   Google Scholar
• Chang, E., Lee, A., Byeon, E., Seong, H., & Lee, S. M. (2016). The mediating effect of motivational types in the relationship between perfectionism and academic burnout. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 202–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, M. L. (2020). Emotion display rules, emotion regulation, and teacher burnout. Frontiers in Education, 5, 90. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.00090
   Google Scholar
• Clear, S. J., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2017). Associations between attachment and emotion-specific emotion regulation with and without relationship insecurity priming. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41(1), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025415620057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De France, K., & Hollenstein, T. (2019). Emotion regulation and relations to well-being across the lifespan. Developmental Psychology, 55(8), 1768–1774. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De la Fuente, J., Lahortiga-Ramos, F., Laspra-Solís, C., Maestro-Martín, C., Alustiza, I., Aubá, E., & Martín-Lanas, R. (2020). A structural equation model of achievement emotions, coping strategies and engagement-burnout in undergraduate students: A possible underlying mechanism in facets of perfectionism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), 2106. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De la Fuente, J., Martínez-Vicente, J. M., Santos, F. H., Sander, P., Fadda, S., Karagiannopoulou, A., Boruchovitch, E., & Kauffman, D. F. (2022). Advances on self-regulation models: A new research agenda through the SR vs ER behavior theory in different psychology contexts. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 861493. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.861493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De la Fuente, J., Peralta-Sánchez, F. J., Martínez-Vicente, J. M., Sander, P., Garzón-Umerenkova, A., & Zapata, L. (2020). Effects of self-regulation vs. external regulation on the factors and symptoms of academic stress in undergraduate students. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1773. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorilli, C., Pepe, A., Buonomo, I., & Albanese, O. (2017). At-risk teachers: The association between burnout levels and emotional appraisal processes. The Open Psychology Journal, 10(1), 127–139. https://doi.org/10/gjjgv2
   Google Scholar
• Fraley, R. C. (2019). Attachment in adulthood: Recent developments, emerging debates, and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 70, 401–422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraley, R. C., Heffernan, M. E., Vicary, A. M., & Brumbaugh, C. C. (2011). The experiences in close relationships‐relationship structures questionnaire: A method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships. Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 615–625. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraley, R. C., & Shaver, P. R. (2000). Adult romantic attachment: Theoretical developments, emerging controversies, and unanswered questions. Review of General Psychology, 4(2), 132–154. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.4.2.132
   Google Scholar
• Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2007). The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.23.3.141
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrison, A. M., Kahn, J. H., Miller, S. A., & Sauer, E. M. (2014). Emotional avoidance and rumination as mediators of the relation between adult attachment and emotional disclosure. Personality and Individual Differences, 70, 239–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.07.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giese-Davis, J., Koopman, C., Butler, L. D., Joss, J., Classen, C., Roberts, J., Rosenbluth, R., Morrow, G. R., & Spiegel, D. (2004). The Stanford Emotional Self-efficacy Scale—Cancer: Reliability, validity, and generalizability. In I. Nyklíček, L. Temoshok, & A. Vingerhoets (Eds.), Emotional expression and health: Advances in theory, assessment and clinical applications (pp. 204–221). Brunner-Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Grandey, A. A., & Gabriel, A. S. (2015). Emotional labor at a crossroads: Where do we go from here? Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2(1), 323–349. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111400
   Google Scholar
• Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271
   Google Scholar
• Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and wellbeing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamaideh, S. H. (2011). Stressors and reactions to stressors among university students. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 57(1), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764009348442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2015). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1990). Love and work: An attachment-theoretical perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(2), 270–280. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.2.270
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaggwa, M. M., Kajjimu, J., Sserunkuma, J., Najjuka, S. M., Atim, L. M., Olum, R., Tagg, A., & Bongomin, F. (2021). Prevalence of burnout among university students in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 16(8), e0256402. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karreman, A., & Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M. (2012). Attachment and wellbeing: The mediating role of emotion regulation and resilience. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(7), 821–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.06.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilic, R., Nasello, J. A., Melchior, V., & Triffaux, J. M. (2021). Academic burnout among medical students: Respective importance of risk and protective factors. Public Health, 198, 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, B., Jee, S., Lee, J., An, S., & Lee, S. M. (2018). Relationships between social support and student burnout: A meta‐analytic approach. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 34(1), 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristensen, T. S., Borritz, M., Villadsen, E., & Christensen, K. B. (2005). The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: A new tool for the assessment of burnout. Work & Stress, 19(3), 192–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370500297720
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leiter, M. P., Day, A., & Price, L. (2015). Attachment styles at work: Measurement, collegial relationships, and burnout. Burnout Research, 2(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2015.02.003
   Google Scholar
• Linnenbrink-Garcia, L., & Pekrun, R. (2011). Students’ emotions and academic engagement: Introduction to the special issue. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2010.11.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madigan, D. J., & Curran, T. (2021). Does burnout affect academic achievement? A Meta-analysis of over 100,000 students. Educational Psychology Review, 33(2), 387–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09533-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marôco, J., Assunção, H., Harju-Luukkainen, H., Lin, S. W., Sit, P. S., Cheung, K. C., Maloa, B., Ilic, I. S., Smith, T. J., & Campos, J. A. (2020). Predictors of academic efficacy and dropout intention in university students: Can engagement suppress burnout? PLoS One, 15(10), e0239816. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry: Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 15(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meredith, P., Poulsen, A., Khan, A., Henderson, J., & Castrisos, V. (2011). The relationship between adult attachment styles and work-related self-perceptions for Australian paediatric occupational therapists. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(4), 160–167. https://doi.org/10.4276/030802211X13021048723138
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2013). The role of attachment security in adolescent and adult close relationships. In J. A. Simpson & L. Campbell (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of close relationships (pp. 66–89). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2016). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2019). Attachment orientations and emotion regulation. Current Opinion in Psychology, 25, 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monti, J. D., & Rudolph, K. D. (2014). Emotional awareness as a pathway linking adult attachment to subsequent depression. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61(3), 374–382. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, C. V., Jacobs, L., Rock, A. J., & Clark, G. I. (2021). Attachment style, thought suppression, self-compassion and depression: Testing a serial mediation model. PLoS One, 16(1), e0245056. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narimanj, A., Kazemi, R., & Narimani, M. (2021). Relationship between cognitive emotion regulation, personal intelligence and academic burnout. Journal of Modern Psychological Researches, 16(61), 65–74.
   Google Scholar
• Pascuzzo, K., Cyr, C., & Moss, E. (2013). Longitudinal association between adolescent attachment, adult romantic attachment, and emotion regulation strategies. Attachment & Human Development, 15(1), 83–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2013.745713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascuzzo, K., Moss, E., & Cyr, C. (2015). Attachment and emotion regulation strategies in predicting adult psychopathology. SAGE Open, 5(3), 215824401560469. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015604695
   Google Scholar
• Pines, A. M. (2004). Adult attachment styles and burnout. Work and Stress, 18, 66–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370310001645025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards, D. A., & Schat, A. C. H. (2011). Attachment at (not to) work: Applying attachment theory to explain individual behavior in organizations. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(1), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronen, S., & Mikulincer, M. (2009). Attachment orientations and job burnout: The mediating roles of team cohesion and organizational fairness. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26(4), 549–567. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407509347930
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosales-Ricardo, Y., Rizzo-Chunga, F., Mocha-Bonilla, J., & Ferreira, J. P. (2021). Prevalence of burnout syndrome in university students: A systematic review. Salud Mental, 44(2), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2021.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, A. C., Simões, C., Cefai, C., Freitas, E., & Arriaga, P. (2021). Emotion regulation and student engagement: Age and gender differences during adolescence. International Journal of Educational Research, 109, 101830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2021.101830
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B., & Greenglass, E. R. (2001). Introduction to special issue on burnout and health. Psychology & Health, 16(5), 501–510. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440108405523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B., Martínez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033005003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seibert, G. S., Bauer, K. N., May, R. W., & Fincham, F. D. (2017). Emotion regulation and academic underperformance: The role of school burnout. Learning and Individual Differences, 60, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seong, H., Lee, S., & Chang, E. (2021). Perfectionism and academic burnout: Longitudinal extension of the bifactor model of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 172, 110589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110589
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, R., Overal, N. C., & Taylor, J. K. (2012). Let’s talk about us: Attachment, relationship‐focused disclosure, and relationship quality. Personal Relationships, 19(3), 521–534. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2011.01383.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulu, I. P., & Tezer, E. (2010). Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, adult attachment, and big five personality traits. The Journal of Psychology, 144(4), 327–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223981003784032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valle, A., Massaro, D., Rinaldi, T., Castelli, I., Lombardi, E., Bracaglia, E. A., Intra, F. S., & Marchetti, A. (2019). Rappresentazioni dell’attaccamento, mentalizzazione e strategie cognitive di regolazione emotiva a scuola [Attachment representation, mentalization, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies at school]. Ricerche Di Psicologia, 1(1), 83–102. https://doi.org/10.3280/RIP2019-001006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinter, K., Aus, K., & Arro, G. (2021). Adolescent girls’ and boys’ academic burnout and its associations with cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Educational Psychology, 41(8), 1061–1077. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2020.1855631
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vîrgă, D., Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., van Beek, I., & Sulea, C. (2019). Attachment styles and employee performance: The mediating role of burnout. The Journal of Psychology, 153(4), 383–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2018.1542375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walburg, V. (2014). Burnout among high school students: A literature review. Children and Youth Services Review, 42, 28–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West, A. L. (2015). Associations among attachment style, burnout, and compassion fatigue in health and human service workers: A systematic review. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 25(6), 571–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2014.988321
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winterheld, H. A. (2016). Calibrating use of emotion regulation strategies to the relationship context: An attachment perspective. Journal of Personality, 84(3), 369–380. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, Y., Huang, X., & Liu, Y. (2021). Social support and academic burnout among university students: A moderated mediation model. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 335–344. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S300797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh, W. Y., Cheng, Y., Chen, C. J., Hu, P. Y., & Kristensen, T. S. (2007). Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Copenhagen burnout inventory among employees in two companies in Taiwan. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 14(3), 126–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03000183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Gan, Y., & Cham, H. (2007). Perfectionism, academic burnout and engagement among Chinese college students: A structural equation modeling analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(6), 1529–1540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar