References
- Baron , R. , Tom , D. and Cooper , H. 1985 . “ Social class, race and teacher expectations ” . In Teacher expectancies , Edited by: Dusec , J. 251 – 269 . Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
- Bentler , P.M. 1995 . EQS: Structural equations program manual , San Francisco , CA : Multivariate Software Inc .
- Blanchard‐Fields , F. , Baldi , R. and Stein , R. 1999 . Age relevance and context effects on attributions across the adult lifespan . International Journal of Behavioral Development , 23 : 665 – 683 .
- Buckmann , C. Young teachers’ implicit theories about individual factors of school achievement . Paper presented at the European Association for Research in Learning and Instruction (EARLI) Conference . Padova , Italy. August .
- Butler , R. 1994 . Teacher communications and student interpretations: Effects of teacher responses to failing students on attributional inferences in two age groups . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 64 : 277 – 294 .
- Clarkson , P. and Leder , G.C. 1984 . Causal attributions for success and failure in mathematics: A cross cultural perspective . Educational Studies in Mathematics , 15 : 413 – 422 .
- Dijker , A.J. and Koomen , W. 1996 . Stereotyping and attitudinal effects under time pressure . European Journal of Social Psychology , 26 : 61 – 74 .
- Fang , Z. 1996 . A review of research on teacher beliefs and practices . Educational Research , 38 : 47 – 65 .
- Fennema , E. , Peterson , P. , Carpenter , T. and Lubinski , C. 1990 . Teachers’ attributions and beliefs about girls, boys, and mathematics . Educational Studies in Mathematics , 21 : 55 – 69 .
- Fiske , S.T. 1998 . “ Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination ” . In The handbook of social psychology , 4th ed. , Edited by: Gilbert , D.T. , Fiske , S.T. and Lindzey , G. Vol. 2 , 357 – 411 . New York : McGraw‐Hill .
- Garrahy , D.A. 2001 . Three third‐grade teachers’ gender‐related beliefs and behavior . The Elementary School Journal , 102 : 81 – 96 .
- Georgiou , S. 1999 . Parental attributions as predictors of involvement and influences on child achievement . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 69 : 409 – 429 .
- Georgiou , S. , Christou , C. , Stavrinides , P. and Panaoura , G. 2002 . Teacher attributions of student failure and teacher behavior toward the failing student . Psychology in the Schools , 39 : 583 – 595 .
- Georgiou , S. , Stavrinides , P. and Kalavana , T. in press . Is Victor better than Victoria at maths? . Educational Psychology in Practice ,
- Georgiou , S. , Stavrinides , P. and Panaoura , G. 2002 . School failure: Teacher attributions and behavior . Educational Review , 33 : 115 – 136 .
- Graham , S. 1990 . “ Communicating low ability in the classroom: Bad things good teachers sometimes do ” . In Attribution theory: Applications to achievement, mental health and interpersonal conflict , Edited by: Graham , S. and Folkes , V. Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
- Hallinger , P. , Bickman , L. and Davis , K. 1996 . School context, principal leadership, and student reading achievement . The Elementary School Journal , 96 : 527 – 549 .
- Hauser‐Cram , P. , Sirin , S.R. and Stipek , D. 2003 . When teachers’ and parents’ values differ: Teachers’ ratings of academic competence in children from low‐income families . Journal of Educational Psychology , 95 : 813 – 820 .
- Hedges , L.V. and Nowell , A. 1995 . Sex differences in mental test scores, variability and numbers of high scoring individuals . Science , 269 : 41 – 45 .
- Helwig , R. , Anderson , L. and Tindal , G. 2001 . Influence of elementary student gender on teachers’ perceptions of mathematics achievement . The Journal of Educational Research , 95 : 95 – 104 .
- Kagan , D. 1992 . Implications of research on teacher beliefs . Educational Psychologist , 27 : 65 – 90 .
- Kennedy , E. 1995 . Contextual effects on academic norms among elementary school students . Educational Research Quarterly , 18 : 5 – 13 .
- Knapp , M. 1995 . “ Forces inside the classroom linked with teaching for meaning ” . In Teaching for meaning in high poverty classrooms , Edited by: Knapp , M. 145 – 159 . New York : Teachers College .
- Kurtz , B. , Schneider , W. , Carr , M. , Borkowski , J. and Rellinger , E. 1990 . Strategy instruction and attributional beliefs in West Germany and the United States: Do teachers foster metacognitive development? . Contemporary Educational Psychology , 15 : 268 – 283 .
- Leithwood , K. , Begley , P. and Cousins , B. 1990 . The nature, causes and consequences of principals’ practices: An agenda for future research . Journal of Educational Administration , 28 : 5 – 31 .
- Li , Q. 1999 . Teachers’ beliefs and gender differences in mathematics: A review . Educational Research , 41 : 63 – 76 .
- Lightbody , P. , Siann , G. , Stocks , R. and Walsh , D. 1996 . Motivation and attribution at secondary school: The role of gender . Educational Studies , 22 : 13 – 25 .
- Marcoulides , G. and Schumacker , R. 1996 . Advanced structural equation modeling: Issues and techniques , Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
- Marlatt , E. 2004 . Practical knowledge storage among pre‐service, novice and experienced educators of students who are deaf and hard‐of‐hearing . Exceptional Children , 70 : 201 – 214 .
- McLoyd , V.C. 1998 . Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development . American Psychologist , 53 : 185 – 204 .
- Pajares , M.F. 1992 . Teachers’ beliefs and educational research: Cleaning up a messy construct . Review of Educational Research , 62 : 307 – 332 .
- Randhawa , B.S. 1994 . Self‐efficacy in mathematics, attitudes, and achievement of boys and girls from restricted samples in two countries . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 79 : 1011 – 1018 .
- Reyna , C. 2000 . Lazy, dumb, or industrious: When stereotypes convey attribution information in the classroom . Educational Psychology Review , 12 : 85 – 110 .
- Rich , Y. 1993 . Stability and change in teacher expertise . Teacher and Teacher Education , 9 : 137 – 146 .
- Skaalvik , E. 1994 . Attribution of perceived achievement in school in general and in maths and verbal areas: Relations with academic self‐concept and self‐esteem . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 64 : 133 – 143 .
- Stevenson , H. and Lee , S. 1990 . Contexts of achievement . Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development , 55 (1–2, serial no. 221)
- Stevenson , H. and Stigler , J. 1994 . The learning gap: Why our schools are failing and what we can learn from Japanese and Chinese education , New York : Touchstone .
- Solomon , D. 1996 . Teacher beliefs and practices in schools serving communities that differ in socioeconomic level . The Journal of Experimental Education , 64 : 327 – 347 .
- Tiedemann , J. 2000 . Parents’ gender stereotypes and teachers’ beliefs as predictors of children’s concept of their mathematical ability in elementary school . Journal of Educational Psychology , 92 : 144 – 151 .
- Tschannen‐Moran , M. , Woolfolk Hoy , A. and Hoy , W.K. 1998 . Teacher efficacy: Its meaning and measures . Review of Educational Research , 68 : 202 – 248 .
- Weiner , B. 1994 . Integrating social and personal theories of achievement striving . Review of Educational Research , 64 : 557 – 573 .
- Weinstein , C.S. 1988 . Preservice teachers’ expectations about the first year of teaching . Teaching and Teacher Education , 4 : 31 – 40 .
- Wigfield , A. , Galper , A. , Denton , K. and Seefeldt , C. 1999 . Teachers’ beliefs about former Head Start and non‐Head Start first‐grade children’s motivation, performance, and future educational prospects . Journal of Educational Psychology , 91 : 98 – 104 .
- Winfield , L. 1986 . Teacher beliefs toward academically at risk students in inner urban schools . The Urban Review , 18 : 253 – 268 .