Pictures Block the Learning of Sightwords

REFERENCES

• James , J.H. and Wagner , A.R. 1980 . One‐trial overshadowing: evidence of distributive processing . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes , 6 : 188 – 205 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamin , L.H. 1969 . “ Selective association and conditioning ” . In Fundamentals Issues in Associative Learning , Edited by: Mackintosh , N. J. and Honig , W. K. 42 – 64 . Halifax, Nova Scotia : Dalhousie University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kehoe , E.J. 1982 . Overshadowing and summation compound stimulus conditioning of the rabbit's nicitating membrane response . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes , 8 : 313 – 328 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kehoe , E.J. 1987 . “ ‘Selective association’ in compound stimulus conditioning with the rabbit ” . In Classical Conditioning , 3rd edn , Edited by: Gormezano , I. , Prokasy , W. F. and Thompson , R. F. 161 – 196 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Lang , R.J. and Solman , R.T. 1979 . Effects of pictures on learning to read common nouns . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 49 : 138 – 149 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackintosh , N.J. 1975 . Blocking of conditioned suppression: role of the first compound trial . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes , 1 : 335 – 345 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , W.A. 1937 . The picture crutch in reading . Elementary English Review , 14 : 263 – 264 .
   Google Scholar
• Rescorla , R.A. and Wagner , A.R. 1972 . “ A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement ” . In Classicial Conditioning II: Current Research and Theory , Edited by: Black , A. and Prokasy , W. F. 64 – 99 . New York : Appleton‐Century‐Crofts .
   Google Scholar
• Rudy , J.W. 1974 . Stimulus selection in animal conditioning and P‐A learning: variations in the associative process . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 13 : 282 – 296 .
   Google Scholar
• Samuels , S.J. 1967 . Attentional processes in reading: the effects of pictures on the acquisition of reading responses . Journal of Educational Psychology , 58 : 337 – 342 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders , R.J. and Solman , R.T. 1984 . The effect of pictures on the acquisition of a small vocabulary of similar sightwords . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 54 : 265 – 275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , N.N. and Solman , R.T. 1990 . A stimulus control analysis of the picture‐word problem: the blocking effect . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 23 : 525 – 532 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winer , B.J. 1971 . Statistical Principles in Experimental Design , Sydney : McGraw‐Hill Kogakusha .
   Google Scholar